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Jarosite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About JarositeHide

Formula:
KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Colour:
Amber-yellow, yellow-brown, to brown or light yellow.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
2½ - 3½
Specific Gravity:
2.9 - 3.26
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named in 1852 by Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt for the type locality, Barranco Jaroso in southern Spain.
The most common member of the alunite supergroup.
The Fe(III) analogue of alunite. Visually indistinguishable from natrojarosite and other members of the jarosite group.

Usually found as amber-yellow to brown crusts or coatings of minute crystals, larger crystals rather rare.

Desborough et al. (2010) showed there is only limited solid solution between jarosite and natrojarosite at low temperatures.

Synthetic samples may be monoclinic-pseudorhombohedral (Grey et al., 2010, 2013).

Mo-bearing jarosite was described by Žáček et al. (2008).

Jarosite has been used for dating (K-Ar method) of weathering processes.

Some jarosites may be a sink of the toxic metal thallium.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2078
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2078:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
14ea2e2f-7437-4fa5-ba53-0aef8efd7be3

IMA Classification of JarositeHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of JarositeHide

7.BC.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
30.2.5.1
30.2.5.1

30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
25.11.9

25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
JrsIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
JrsWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
JrsThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
JrsWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Pronunciation of JarositeHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of JarositeHide

Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Sub-adamantine to vitreous on crystal faces; resinous on fractures.
Colour:
Amber-yellow, yellow-brown, to brown or light yellow.
Streak:
Pale-yellow
Hardness:
2½ - 3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {0001}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
2.9 - 3.26 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.25 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of JarositeHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.815 - 1.820 nε = 1.713 - 1.715
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.102 - 0.105
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Ε (X) = Colourless
(Y) = Reddish brown
Ο (Z) = Reddish brown
Comments:
Commonly anomalously biaxial with a very small 2V and sectional development.

Chemistry of JarositeHide

Mindat Formula:
KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Common Impurities:
Na,Ag,Pb

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:
 1
H2O-3.64 %
H2O+5.49 %
Fe2O311.50 %
CaO0.42 %
Na2O0.50 %
K2O0.58 %
SO310.15 %
Residue67.63 %
Total:99.91 %

Crystallography of JarositeHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.304 Å, c = 17.268 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.364
Unit Cell V:
797.80 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Crystals usually tiny, pseudocubic {01-13} or tabular {0001}. Typically found as granular crusts, it may also be in nodules or fibrous masses, powdery to earthy, or concretionary.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0004433JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2007) Jarosite - hydronium jarosite solid solution series with full iron occupancy: Mineralogy and crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 92 1464-14732007synthetic0293
0004434JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2007) Jarosite - hydronium jarosite solid solution series with full iron occupancy: Mineralogy and crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 92 1464-14732007synthetic0293
0004435JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2007) Jarosite - hydronium jarosite solid solution series with full iron occupancy: Mineralogy and crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 92 1464-14732007synthetic0293
0004436JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2007) Jarosite - hydronium jarosite solid solution series with full iron occupancy: Mineralogy and crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 92 1464-14732007synthetic0293
0004437JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2007) Jarosite - hydronium jarosite solid solution series with full iron occupancy: Mineralogy and crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 92 1464-14732007synthetic0293
0004438JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2007) Jarosite - hydronium jarosite solid solution series with full iron occupancy: Mineralogy and crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 92 1464-14732007synthetic0293
0004439JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2007) Jarosite - hydronium jarosite solid solution series with full iron occupancy: Mineralogy and crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 92 1464-14732007Rio Tonto, Huelva, Spain0293
0004440JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2007) Jarosite - hydronium jarosite solid solution series with full iron occupancy: Mineralogy and crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 92 1464-14732007Rio Tonto, Huelva, Spain0293
0004571JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2008) Crystal chemistry of the natrojarosite-jarosite and natrojarosite-hydronium jarosite solid-solution: A synthetic study with full Fe site occupancy American Mineralogist 93 853-8622008synthetic0293
0004572JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2008) Crystal chemistry of the natrojarosite-jarosite and natrojarosite-hydronium jarosite solid-solution: A synthetic study with full Fe site occupancy American Mineralogist 93 853-8622008synthetic0293
0004573JarositeBasciano L C, Peterson R C (2008) Crystal chemistry of the natrojarosite-jarosite and natrojarosite-hydronium jarosite solid-solution: A synthetic study with full Fe site occupancy American Mineralogist 93 853-8622008synthetic0293
0017748JarositeScarlett N V Y, Grey I E, Brand H E A (2010) Ordering of iron vacancies in monoclinic jarosites American Mineralogist 95 1590-15932010synthetic0368
0020094JarositeMills S J, Nestola F, Kahlenberg V, Christy A G, Hejny C, Redhammer G J (2013) Looking for jarosite on Mars: The low-temperature crystal structure of jarosite American Mineralogist 98 1966-19712013Jaroso Ravine, Sierra Almagrera, Andalusia, Almeria, Spain0297
0020095JarositeMills S J, Nestola F, Kahlenberg V, Christy A G, Hejny C, Redhammer G J (2013) Looking for jarosite on Mars: The low-temperature crystal structure of jarosite American Mineralogist 98 1966-19712013Jaroso Ravine, Sierra Almagrera, Andalusia, Almeria, Spain0253
0020096JarositeMills S J, Nestola F, Kahlenberg V, Christy A G, Hejny C, Redhammer G J (2013) Looking for jarosite on Mars: The low-temperature crystal structure of jarosite American Mineralogist 98 1966-19712013Jaroso Ravine, Sierra Almagrera, Andalusia, Almeria, Spain0213
0020097JarositeMills S J, Nestola F, Kahlenberg V, Christy A G, Hejny C, Redhammer G J (2013) Looking for jarosite on Mars: The low-temperature crystal structure of jarosite American Mineralogist 98 1966-19712013Jaroso Ravine, Sierra Almagrera, Andalusia, Almeria, Spain0173
0020098JarositeMills S J, Nestola F, Kahlenberg V, Christy A G, Hejny C, Redhammer G J (2013) Looking for jarosite on Mars: The low-temperature crystal structure of jarosite American Mineralogist 98 1966-19712013Jaroso Ravine, Sierra Almagrera, Andalusia, Almeria, Spain0133
0008600JarositeBecker U, Gasharova B (2001) AFM observations and simulations of jarosite growth at the molecular scale: probing the basis for the incorporation of foreign ions into jarosite as a storage mineral Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 28 545-55620010293
0014420JarositeKato T, Miura Y (1977) The crystal structure of jarosite and svanbergite Mineralogical Journal 8 419-4301977Meadow Valley 1, Pinoche, Nevada, USA0293
0014756JarositeMenchetti S, Sabelli C (1976) Crystal chemistry of the alunite series: crystal structure refinement of alunite and synthetic jarosite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1976 406-4171976synthetic0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.93 Å(50)
5.09 Å(70)
3.65 Å(40)
3.11 Å(80)
3.08 Å(100)
2.29 Å(40)
1.98 Å(50)
1.83 Å(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
A secondary mineral found in the oxidized zones of sulfide deposits, forming by the reaction of dilute sulfuric acid in groundwater, derived from the oxidation of pyrite, with gangue minerals and wall rock in the deposits.

Type Occurrence of JarositeHide

Synonyms of JarositeHide

Other Language Names for JarositeHide

Varieties of JarositeHide

Calcium-JarositeProbably an impure Jarosite
KolosorukiteA variety of Jarosite low in Fe3+ (possibly with a hydronium jarosite or natrojarosite component).
Originally described from Korozluky (Kolosoruk), Most, Ústí Region, Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen), Czech Republic.

Relationship of Jarosite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
Ammonioalunite(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig.
Ammoniojarosite(NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
ArgentojarositeAgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
Beaverite-(Cu)Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Beaverite-(Zn)Pb(Fe3+2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
DorallchariteTlFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
HuangiteCa0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Hydroniumjarosite(H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
Natroalunite-2c(Na,Ca0.5,K)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
OsarizawaitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Schlossmacherite(H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
WalthieriteBa0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig.
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
193 photos of Jarosite associated with QuartzSiO2
82 photos of Jarosite associated with Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
51 photos of Jarosite associated with HematiteFe2O3
48 photos of Jarosite associated with NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
45 photos of Jarosite associated with GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
43 photos of Jarosite associated with ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
41 photos of Jarosite associated with RodalquilariteFe2(TeO2OH)3(TeO3)Cl
24 photos of Jarosite associated with PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O
22 photos of Jarosite associated with GoldAu
21 photos of Jarosite associated with WinstanleyiteTiTe4+3O8

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

7.BC.Adranosite-(Fe)(NH4)4NaFe3+2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd
7.BC.Adranosite(NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd
7.BC.D'Ansite-(Mn)Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl3Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
7.BC.AgaitePb3CuTeO5(OH)2(CO3) Orth. mm2 : Pca21
7.BC.D'Ansite-(Fe)Na21Fe2+(SO4)10Cl3Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
7.BC.Acmonidesite(NH4,K,Pb)8NaFe2+4(SO4)5Cl8Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21
7.BC.BackitePb2AlTeO6ClTrig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
7.BC.HagstromitePb8Cu2+(Te6+O6)2(CO3)Cl4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ibam
7.BC.WildcatiteCaFe3+Te6+O5(OH)Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
7.BC.FranksousaitePbCu(Se6+O4)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
7.BC.ZincochenitePb4Zn(OH)6(SO4)2Tric. 1 : P1
7.BC.ViskontitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(SeO3)(OH)6Orth. mm2 : Pmn21
7.BC.05D'AnsiteNa21Mg(SO4)10Cl3Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
7.BC.07ApateliteFe3(SO4)2(OH)5 · 0.5H2O
7.BC.07Unnamed (Ba-Fe Vanadate)Ba, Fe, V, O, H
7.BC.10AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
7.BC.10Ammonioalunite(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig.
7.BC.10Ammoniojarosite(NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
7.BC.10ArgentojarositeAgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
7.BC.10Beaverite-(Cu)Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.BC.10DorallchariteTlFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.BC.10HuangiteCa0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.BC.10Hydroniumjarosite(H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.BC.10Natroalunite-2c(Na,Ca0.5,K)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.BC.10NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
7.BC.10NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m : R3m
7.BC.10OsarizawaitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.BC.10PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.BC.10Schlossmacherite(H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.BC.10WalthieriteBa0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6Trig.
7.BC.10Beaverite-(Zn)Pb(Fe3+2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.BC.15Ye'elimiteCa4Al6(SO4)O12Iso. 4 3 2 : I41 3 2
7.BC.20AtlasoviteK(BiO)Cu6Fe3+(SO4)5O3ClTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/ncc
7.BC.20NabokoiteKCu7(SO4)5(Te4+O3)OClTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/ncc
7.BC.20PuniniteNa2Cu3O(SO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.BC.25ChlorothioniteK2Cu(SO4)Cl2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.BC.30EuchlorineKNaCu3(SO4)3OMon. 2/m
7.BC.30FedotoviteK2Cu3(SO4)3OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.BC.35KamchatkiteKCu3(SO4)2OClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.BC.40PiypiteK4Cu4O2(SO4)4 · (Na,Cu)ClTet. 4 : I4
7.BC.45KlyuchevskiteK3Cu3(Fe3+,Al)(SO4)4O2Mon. 2
7.BC.45AlumoklyuchevskiteK3Cu3(Al,Fe3+)(SO4)4O2Tric. 1 : P1
7.BC.45BelousoviteKZn(SO4)ClMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.BC.47MülleritePb2Fe3+(Te6+O6)ClTrig. 3 2 : P31 1 2
7.BC.50CaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6Orth. mm2 : Pmn21
7.BC.50ElasmochloiteNa3Cu6BiO4(SO4)5Mon. 2/m
7.BC.52Eleomelanite(K2Pb)Cu4O2(SO4)4Mon. 2/m
7.BC.55WherryitePb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
7.BC.55FalgariteK4(VO)3(SO4)5Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.BC.57KrasheninnikoviteKNa2CaMg(SO4)3FHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
7.BC.60MammothitePb6Cu4AlSb5+O2(OH)16Cl4(SO4)2Mon. 2 : B2
7.BC.60WulffiteK3NaCu4O2(SO4)4Orth. mm2
7.BC.60ParawulffiteK5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8Mon. 2/m : P2/b
7.BC.62ShuvaloviteK2(Ca2Na)(SO4)3FOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.BC.65LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
7.BC.65SchmiederitePb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4Mon. 2/m : P21/m
7.BC.65MunakataitePb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(SO4)(OH)4Mon. 2/m : P21/m
7.BC.65Therasiaite(NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5Mon. m : Bb
7.BC.65SaccoiteCa2Mn3+2F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4)Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/ncc
7.BC.70ChenitePb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6Tric. 1 : P1
7.BC.75KrivovichevitePb3Al(OH)6(SO4)(OH)Trig. 3m : R3c
7.BC.80AnhydrokainiteKMg(SO4)Cl

Other InformationHide

Electrical:
Strongly pyroelectric.
Notes:
Insoluble in water; soluble in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for JarositeHide

References for JarositeHide

Reference List:

Localities for JarositeHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListShow

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