Tilly Foster Iron Mine, Brewster, Town of Southeast, Putnam Co., New York, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Tilly Foster Iron Mine | Mine |
| Brewster | - not defined - |
| Town of Southeast | - not defined - |
| Putnam Co. | County |
| New York | State |
| USA | Country |
This page kindly sponsored by Roger Ericksen
Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
41° 24' 46'' North , 73° 38' 31'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Brewster | 2,332 (2017) | 2.7km |
| Brewster Hill | 2,089 (2017) | 3.4km |
| Carmel Hamlet | 6,817 (2017) | 3.6km |
| Carmel | 4,800 (2017) | 3.7km |
| Lake Carmel | 8,282 (2017) | 5.9km |
Large iron ore (magnetite) deposit discovered in 1810. Although the mine is a few miles from Brewster, it is actually in the now defunct hamlet of Tilly Foster, now partly submerged by the Middle Branch Reservoir. The official incorporated name was Tilly Foster Iron Mine. The mine was 600 feet deep in 1879. Mining ceased in 1897, after 13 miners were killed in a rockslide. The articles by Nightingale (2001) provide a historical summary and mineral details, which have been incorporated into the species info pages of this site.
It is famous for its excellent brucite, chondrodite, clinochlore, titanite, and magnetite crystals and antigorite or lizardite (and other species) pseudomorphs after a wide variety of minerals. Dana (1874), Trainer (various), and Nightingale (2001) provide details. This list below is modified from Januzzi (1976):
antigorite or lizardite after amphiboles, anhydrite, anthophyllite, fluorapatite, biotite, brucite, calcite, chondrodite, olivine, chrysotile, clinochlore, dolomite, enstatite, fluorite, magnetite, muscovite, pectolite, clinoclore, pyrrhotite, scapolite, talc
brucite after dolomite
calcite after chrysotile
dolomite after chondrodite
limonite after biotite
magnetite after chondrodite
magnetite after dolomite
pyrite after pyrrhotite
pyrrhotite after serpentine
talc after amphibole, enstatite
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
92 valid minerals. 2 erroneous literature entries.
Detailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Actinolite Formula: ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Habit: bladed, acicular, curved aggregates, fibrous Colour: dark green Description: Found in bladed and needle-like habits, embedded crystals and massive coarse crystalline aggregates Reference: The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 94.
(Breidenbaugh, 1873) (Januzzi, 1966) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Colour: white to cream Description: Albite is a component of the gneiss wall rock which is abundant at the mine and is also found in massive form and cleavages. Crystals are small and rare Reference: The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 94.
(Januzzi, 1966) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Albite var: Oligoclase Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] Habit: massive Colour: brown, yellow Description: Found in brown and yellowish masses Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) Formula: {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Habit: elongated, tabular Colour: black Description: Allanite has been found in relatively large poorly formed crystals in gneiss, also found in thin tabular-like crystals in hornblende. Occurs in very small crystals in scapolite. Reference: Januzzi, 1966, 1989
Nightingale 2001 |
| ⓘ Almandine Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 Description: Small crude crystals of almandine are found in gneiss Reference: (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whit¬lock, 1903). |
| ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Habit: fibrous Colour: green Description: as loose fur-like capillary occurrences Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43; Nightingale, 2001 |
| ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup var: Byssolite' Formula: AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Habit: fibrous Colour: green Description: as loose fur-like capillary occurrences Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43; Nightingale, 2001 |
| ⓘ Anhydrite Formula: CaSO4 Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State |
| ⓘ Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 Habit: massive Colour: grey Description: A gray mass associated with clinochlore and serpentine, and a brown massive form in gneiss was reported
Discredited - Winchell - Trainer actually Magnesite Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Trainer, 1938, 1941). Nightingale 2001 |
| ✪ Antigorite Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Habit: massive, also pseudomorphing other minerals Colour: gray, pale green to gray-green Description: Serpentine is ubiquitous at Tilly Foster. While early workers tended to refer to serpentine by color, the different colors and habits eventually came to be identified by an extensive, if not cumbersome, assortment of names including: antigorite, bowenite, chrysotile, lizardite, marmolite, picrolite, precious, radiotine, retinalite, and williamsite.
Tilly Foster is notable for its abundance and variety of serpentine pseudo-morphs. In addition, massive slickensided serpentine of various colors was readily collected on the dump. Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43
(Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ 'Apophyllite' Colour: white to colorless Description: sharp crystals on fracture surfaces in magnetite-serpentine ore.
Reported as small white or colorless crystals in gneiss Reference: The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 94.
(Januzzi, 1966, 89) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1942) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 Habit: slender, tapered, radiating groups Colour: grayish white Description: Occurs in grayish-white incrustations and as slender, tapered crystals; also radiating groups Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Januzzi, 1966) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS Habit: flattened twins Colour: steel grey Description: Reported to occur in groups of steel gray, flattened, twinned crystals Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Habit: prismatic, massive Description: Reported as prismatic crystals and also massive Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Autunite Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 11H2O Habit: coatings and minute scales Colour: yellowish Description: Two occurrences of yellowish coatings and minute scales on gneiss with typical fluorescence have been reported Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
Trainer, 1938, 1942 |
| ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) Formula: Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH Habit: axe-head Colour: colorless, pale brown, plum Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1989; Nightingale, 2001 |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Habit: tabular Colour: yellow Description: Small yellow crystals were reported to occur in a cavity in massive chondrodite; also in micro crystals with purple fluorite Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1941). |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 Habit: rosettes, cleavable masses Colour: black, greenish-black Description: "Rosettes" were reported to occur in lenses and bands of albite in gneiss
Large greenish black masses of this mica have been found exhibiting broad cleavage. Reference: The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 94.
Breidenbaugh, 1873; Nightingale 2001 |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Habit: compact, massive Colour: reddish-brown Description: Reported as compact reddish-brown masses Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1966, 1989 |
| ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Habit: encrustation Colour: blue-green Description: Identified as transparent, blue-green micro aggregates Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1989 |
| ✪ Brucite Formula: Mg(OH)2 Habit: hexagonal tabular or elongated prisms Colour: pale green, white, grey Description: Abundant in foliated masses and occasionally found in exceptional crystal groups. Crystallized brucites are Tilly Foster "classics" Reference: (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Brucite var: Nemalite Formula: Mg(OH)2 Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Habit: rhombohedral, scalenohedral Colour: white Description: Reported as common in massive form but uncommon in crystals. One of the finest scalenohedral crystal groups was purchased by John Trainer and now resides in the Trainer Collection of the New York State Museum, specimen # 13554. Calcite also is present in rhombohedral form. Fluorescent and phosphorescent forms have been reported Reference: (Bridenbaugh, 1873) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1941, 1942) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 Habit: encrustation Colour: gray Fluorescence: yelow-green Description: With plumbian scheelite in a cavity in altered galena and encrusting the sample Reference: Matrix, Summer 2001, Tilly Foster edition
Januzzi, 1989 |
| ⓘ 'Chabazite' Reference: Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 116 |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Habit: massive Colour: iridescent Description: Occurs massive in gneiss; small masses have been reported to be found in pyrrhotite Reference: (Breidenbaugh, 1873) (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ✪ Chondrodite Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)5(SiO4)2(F,OH)2 Habit: complex, multi-formed Colour: Deep wine red, orange, red-brown. Description: World famous sharp, transparent crystals.
The Tilly Foster "signature mineral". In 1873 Bridenbaugh described it "as by far the most interesting species found at this locality" (p. 212). E. S. Dana published two detailed papers on the mineral in 1875. In 1938 Trainer described the chondrodite found here as the "finest mineral from Tilly Foster ... The fine crystals are "antiques" for which you pay fancy prices" (p. 297). The deep red crystals found here are unique in their brilliance, clarity, size, perfection, and variety of forms. Various degrees of serpentinization of these crystals are common. It also was abundant in massive form, and in grains within the magnetite ore. Miners referred to "yellow ore" as magnetite with yellow chondrodite; where the chondrodite was altered to serpentine the ore was referred to as "blue ore" Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 214.
(Bridenbaugh, 1873) (Dana, 1874) (Dana, 1875, 1875b) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O Description: Minor stains and coatings were reported to have been collected by Ernest Weidhaas in 1931 Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1966, 1989; Trainer, 1938 |
| ⓘ 'Chrysolite' Description: Reported as abundant although commonly altered to serpentine
Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Colony, 1921) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Chrysotile Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Reference: The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 94. |
| ⓘ Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Localities: Habit: hexagonal, tabular to elongated prisms Colour: light to dark green, greenish black Description: Groups of superb dark emerald green crystals, typically "edge-on" on magnetite matrix, are Tilly Foster classics; also a ferroan variety (ripidolite) has been reported. Early workers referred to this mineral as chlorite Reference: (Bridenbaugh, 1873) (Dana, J. D., 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Clinochlore var: Leuchtenbergite Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Habit: encrustations Colour: white Description: Reported as incrustations and micro-crystals on magnetite - chondrodite matrix
also found as white micro-crystals Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Nightingale 2001)
|
| ⓘ Clinohumite Formula: Mg9(SiO4)4F2 Description: Rare, found in highly modified forms Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Clinozoisite Formula: {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State |
| ⓘ Danburite Formula: CaB2Si2O8 Description: An isolated occurrence of small transparent crystals within a cavity in gneiss was reported Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Datolite Formula: CaB(SiO4)(OH) Description: Pale crystals and masses are reported to have been recovered in gneiss
Also occurs with compact radiated natrolite Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1941) (Nightingale, 2001) |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Colour: green, pink Description: Reported as crystals in pyrrhotite, dolomite, calcite, and gneiss; also in green granular and crystalline masses
Also found as stout pink crystals on serpentine and as micro lath-like crystals, transparent, and embedded in a matrix of white calcite. Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ⓘ Diopside var: Diallage Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43 |
| ✪ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Habit: rhombohedral Colour: white, pale grey Description: Recovered as large cleavable masses and large rhombohedral crystals. In 1953 Ronald Januzzi supplied a large crystal to the Shell Research and Development Center in Houston Texas, where it was used for research purposes Reference: (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989, pers. comm.) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903).
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 214. |
| ⓘ Dravite Formula: Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Reference: Steven C. Chamberlain & George W. Robinson (2013) Collector's Guide to the Minerals of New York State. Schiffer Books. |
| ⓘ Enstatite Formula: Mg2Si2O6 Habit: massive Colour: grey-green, grey-brown Description: Found in large gray-green and gray-brown masses. Exposed faces on dumps commonly alter to a variety referred to as "bronzite" Reference: (Briden¬baugh, 1873) (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Habit: elongated, striated prisms Colour: dark green, yellow-green Description: Reported as massive in gneiss; dark green crystals up to an inch long are rare. Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1941) (Whitlock, 1903) (Zodac, 1938).
|
| ⓘ Erythrite Formula: Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O Habit: encrustation Colour: magenta Description: Occurs as small (to 1 cm.) globular encrustations mixed with some cobalt rich chlorite (?) as an alteration of linnaeite. Confirmed by EDAX-SEM at the New York State Museum. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938) (Nightingale 2001)
|
| ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Description: Reported as abundant although commonly altered to serpentine
Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Colony, 1921) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Ferro-actinolite Formula: ☐{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Reference: Lupulescu, Marian: Rocks& Min. -- May/June 2008 |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F Habit: prismatic Colour: white, green Description: Found as small, transparent green crystals; large crude crystals have been reported associated with hornblende. As grayish-white crystals in serpentine; also as an anhedral half inch pale green mass embedded in chondrodite Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Breidenbaugh, 1873) (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903) (Nightingale, 2001) |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Habit: octahedral, cubic, nearly spherical complexly formed Colour: purple, white, yellow, pink Description: First noted by Bridenbaugh in 1873, fluorite from Tilly Foster was described in 1874 by J. D. Dana as occuring "pink, massive, and occasionally in amethystine cubes" (p. 374). It is also found in purple, white and yellow small crystals; the author has noted small spherical aggregates of fluorite in the Trainer Collection of the New York State Museum. Occasionally fluorite is slickensided.
Found with crocidolite as pale green octahedral micro crystals in cavities in feldspar. Reference: (Bridenbaugh, 1873) (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1941) (Whitlock, 1903) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Habit: massive Colour: dark grey,metallic Description: A coarse granular mass ( 10 cm.) was reported to have been given to John Trainer by a former mine employee Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1966, 1989 |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) Habit: botryoidal Description: Reported as fibrous with lustrous "patent-leather" botryoidal surfaces, on limonite Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1966, 1989 |
| ⓘ Gold ? Formula: Au Description: A single, unconfirmed report of a micro specimen in ore has been reported by a collector Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ⓘ Graphite Formula: C Description: Found as isolated microscopic flakes in dolomite Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989). |
| ✪ Grossular Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 Habit: dodecahedral Colour: lime green Description: "Oil-green" dodecahedrons are in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History in New York; also a superb example is contained in the Brush Collection of the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University, specimen # 2. 935. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whit¬lock, 1903).
|
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Colour: colorless Description: Small, colorless "lath-like" crystals and crystal aggregates occur in gneiss
Also found associated with other sulfates within the ore body. Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ⓘ Hedenbergite Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6 Habit: grains Description: Round dark grains (variety coccolite) occur in limestone Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Description: Reported as veins in serpentine, and small reddish stains Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ 'Heulandite' Description: Small cleavages and crystals occur in cavities and seams in gneiss Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1939). |
| ⓘ Hexahydrite Formula: MgSO4 · 6H2O Habit: fibrous masses Colour: white Description: Found in micro groups of fibrous white masses Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1989 |
| ⓘ Hisingerite ? Formula: Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O Habit: botryoidal encrustations Colour: brown Description: Trainer described botryoidal incrustations of "amorphous brown hydrated ferric-silicate of uncertain composition" Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ 'Hornblende' Habit: cleavable masses Colour: black, green Description: Occurs in large black and green cleavable masses. Small crystals up to 2 cm. are uncommon; also found in fibrous and acicular crystals Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Dana, J. D., 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Humite Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 Description: Found as large, coarse crystals, generally with various degrees of alteration to serpentine, Chukanov(2014) provides the following IR spectrum based on yellow grains: Wavenumbers (cm1): 3560, 3405w, 1075sh, 991s, 954s, 915sh, 888s, 851, 763, 617, 552, 540sh,495sh, 484, 420s, 395s
Rruff.info provides the following empirical formula based on microprobe: (Mg0.91Fe0.09)7(Si0.99Ti0.01O4)3(F0.76(OH)0.24)2, see http://rruff.info/humite/display=default/R040071 Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903).
N.V. Chukanov(2014),Infrared spectra of mineral species: Extended library,Vol 1Springer Geochemistry/Mineralogy of mineral species |
| ⓘ Hydromagnesite Formula: Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O Habit: globular, hemispherical aggregates Colour: white Description: J. D. Dana described a white chalky coating on serpentine. Many specimens show the typical habit of white, spherical aggregates coating fractures. Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
Dana, 1874
|
| ⓘ Hydrotalcite Formula: Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O Habit: fibrous, foliated Colour: white Description: Reported as white and fibrous, sometimes foliated Reference: (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Habit: flat, tabular, rhombohedral Description: Flat tabular crystals were found with tourmaline in gneiss
Two relatively large crystals, one about 1/4" in diameter, a fine euhedral rhombohedral crystal, embedded in a matrix of magnetite, diopside, chlorite and green serpentine. Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ⓘ Ilvaite Formula: CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) Reference: Lupulescu, Marian: Rocks& Min. -- May/June 2008 |
| ⓘ Jarosite Formula: KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 Habit: spheroidal aggregates Colour: yellow Description: Observed to occur as small yellow spheroidal ag¬gregates in micro sizes Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1989
|
| ⓘ Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Description: Reported by Trainer as pseudomorphous after serpentine; six years later he retracted that identification after x-ray analysis Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
Trainer, 1938, 1942 |
| ⓘ Laumontite Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O Habit: elongated prismatic Colour: white Description: Groups of white crystals and coatings were reported in gneiss seams Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1941, 1942). |
| ⓘ Lepidocrocite ? Formula: γ-Fe3+O(OH) Habit: encrustations and rosettes Colour: reddish-brown, blood-red Description: Found as blood-red incrustations and micro-rosettes on diopside associated with pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, malachite, calcite, aragonite, and amphibole. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1966, 1989; Nightingale 2001 |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' Formula: (Fe,O,OH,H2O) Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43 |
| ⓘ Linarite Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 Habit: coating Description: Micro - incrustation associated with galena, sulfur, cerussite, and plumbian scheelite Reference: Rocks & Minerals 81:208-213
Januzzi, 1989; Nightingale, 2001 |
| ⓘ Linnaeite Formula: Co2+Co3+2S4 Habit: twinned octahedron, cubo-octahedral Colour: steel-grey Description: An isolated occurrence of minute, steel-gray twinned octahedral crystals on magnetite was recovered in 1955
Also noted as micro octahedral crystals modified by the cube. Associated with white serpentine and dolomite. As well as magnetite, chondrodite and altered clinochlore. Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, p.114
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ✪ Lizardite Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Habit: massive or as pseudomorphs of various minerals Colour: white, shades of green Description: Many specimens of "serpentine" appear to be lizardite based on their softness of about 2.5. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State |
| ⓘ Magnesite Formula: MgCO3 Colour: white Description: Found as small white crystals, in small fine grained marble-like masses (white) as well as in large cleavages Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ✪ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Habit: dodecahedral, octahedral, dendritic Colour: black Description: Tilly Foster is noted for superb dodecahedral and striated octahedral crystal groups, with individual crystals up to 3 cm. Octahedrons were typically found in seams in gneiss, while dodecahedrons were more commonly found within the magnetite ore body. Dendritic forms on serpentine have also been reported
Large masses of this species have been found exhibiting perfect octahedral parting. Reference: (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Man¬chester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1941) (Whitlock, 1903) (Nightingale 2001)
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 214.. |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Habit: massive, crusts, stains Colour: green Description: Reported as small masses, crusts, and stains Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Marcasite Formula: FeS2 Description: Occurrence was first reported by James Manchester, lack of specimens reported since that time is most likely due to rapid decomposition on dumps Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931). |
| ⓘ Marialite Formula: Na4Al3Si9O24Cl Habit: cleavable mass Colour: white grayish-white, pale pink to lilac Description: reported as a 5 cm. vein of grayish-white color; cleavage sections show a fibrous appearance Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1940) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ⓘ Melanterite Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O Habit: cursts and coatings Description: As an alteration product of an unknown sulfide
Thick surface incrustation on hornblende Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1989; Nightingale 2001 |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Habit: massive Colour: flesh Description: Reported as plentiful in flesh colored masses; orthoclase mentioned in by J. D. Dana in 1874 is most likely microcline Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
(Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 Habit: foliated, granular Description: Recovered as small foliated and granular masses; crystals rare Reference: (Bridenbaugh, 1873) (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Habit: cleavable masses, pseudo-hexagonal tabular Description: Crystal aggregates and books were recovered in gneiss. Some euhedral crystals associated with magnetite and chondrodite. However, the New York State Museum reports that specimens tested turned out to be phlogopite. Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Natrolite Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O Habit: acicular, radiating masses Colour: white Description: Slender, prismatic crystals and white radiating masses on seams in gneiss Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1942). |
| ⓘ Opal Formula: SiO2 · nH2O Habit: coatings Colour: grayish-white Description: Occurs as small grayish white coating on various minerals Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Palygorskite Formula: (Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O Description: typical fibrous "mountain leather" habit Reference: Ronald Januzzi collection |
| ⓘ Pargasite Formula: {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43 |
| ⓘ Pectolite Formula: NaCa2Si3O8(OH) Habit: radiating fibrous masses Description: Reported as minute radiating fibrous masses; rare
Validation of this species reported many years ago is based upon a serpentine pseudomorph after pectolite found in 1946 (Fredericks) and confirmed. It occurs as a radiated pale green mass 3 x 4" in a pocket in massive chondrodite. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1966, 1989; Nightingale 2001 |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Habit: tabular Description: Plates of crystals occur on serpentine, partially altered to serpentine Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938) |
| ⓘ Posnjakite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O Habit: fan shaped aggregates and tabular Colour: blue-green Description: Observed as blue-green fan shaped aggregates and single micro crystals on magnetite. Also found as a blue-green tabular micro crystal on serpentine. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1989; Nightingale 2001 |
| ⓘ Prehnite Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 Habit: coatings, prismatic Colour: grayish-green, colorless Description: Reported as grayish-green coatings on gneiss
Also found as perfect, colorless, glassy, prismatic micro crystals on hornblende. Occurs as an encrustation 3" x 4" in surface area (see drawings in Januzzi 1976 pg. 170). Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1976, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1941) (Whitlock, 1903) (Nightingale, 2001) |
| ⓘ 'Psilomelane' ? Formula: Mn, O Habit: spheroidal aggregates Colour: black Description: Found as a single occurrence as a black spheroidal micro aggregate in the ore body. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1989; Nightingale 2001 |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Habit: cubic, octahedral Colour: brassy Description: Cubes have been found up to .5 cm; also in veins and as coatings
Octahedral crystals (micro) have been found. Reference: (Bridenbaugh, 1873) (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903) (Nightingale 2001) |
| ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group' Reference: The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 94. |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe7S8 Habit: hexagonal prismatic Colour: brown Description: Occurs as brown, tabular, hexagonal crystals; more commonly massive Reference: (Bridenbaugh, 1873) (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Habit: elongated prismatic with rhombohedral terminations Colour: clear, milky, smoky Description: Small clear and smoky crystals rare; massive milky quartz is abundant Reference: (Briden¬baugh, 1873) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Quartz var: Rose Quartz Formula: SiO2 Habit: massive Colour: pink Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43
(Bridenbaugh, 1873) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938). |
| ⓘ Quartz var: Smoky Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43 |
| ⓘ Riebeckite Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 Habit: fibrous Colour: lavender-blue Description: Variety crocidolite reported as lavender-blue, fibrous masses in gneiss.
However, "riebeckite" tested at the New York State Museum from other sites in the Hudson Highlands turned out to be other amphiboles. Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1942). |
| ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name' Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43 |
| ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name var: Crocidolite' Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43 |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Habit: acicular Colour: dark red Description: As micro specimens on gneiss Reference: Januzzi, 1989; Nightingale 2001 |
| ⓘ Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) Habit: bipyramidal Colour: grayish white, white Fluorescence: bright bluish white Description: Several 0.6 cm. X 2.5 cm. veins were found in massive hornblende; also small crystals in galena Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State, p. 278; Januzzi, 1966, 1989 |
| ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup' Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43 |
| ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup var: Marmolite' Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43 |
| ⓘ Serpierite ? Formula: Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O Habit: coatings Colour: blue-white Description: Found as tiny tufts of sky-blue acicular micro crystals on white serpentine. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1989; Nightingale 2001 |
| ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 Habit: spherical aggregates, cleavable masses Colour: brown Description: Reported as brown spherical aggregates on biotite schist, and reddish-brown cleavages Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1939). |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Colour: yellow-brown Description: Small masses associated with galena Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State, p. 278; Nightingale, 2001 |
| ⓘ Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 Habit: octahedral Description: Small octahedral crystals are found with granular chondrodite in limestone Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Koeberlin, 1909) (Trainer, 1938). |
ⓘ 'Stilbite subgroup' Colour: brown Description: Brown stilbite occurs in gneiss; rare Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Sulphur Formula: S8 Habit: anhedral Colour: bright yellow Description: Observed as very tiny micro crystals in cavities in altered galena with scheelite. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State; Januzzi (1989) |
| ⓘ Szomolnokite ? Formula: FeSO4 · H2O Colour: yellow Description: Observed in transparent yellow micro crystals. The reference cited was privately published. No validation listed in publication. Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1989 |
| ⓘ Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Habit: fibrous, foliated, nmassive, pseudomorphous Colour: pale green, gray-green Description: Reported as veins in magnetite ore; fibrous and foliated masses have been found in dolomite Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938, 1940). |
| ⓘ Talc var: Steatite Formula: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State |
| ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca Formula: NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O Habit: radiating columnar Colour: white Description: Reported as white, radiating groups of columnar crystals, on gneiss Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43
(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1942). |
| ⓘ Thorite ? Formula: Th(SiO4) Habit: anhedral Colour: orange Description: A single orange, microscopic anhedral mass in hornblende has been reported Reference: Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
Januzzi, 1966, 1989 |
| ✪ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Colour: brown, greenish, yellow Description: Fine gemmy greenish and yellowish crystals (some twinned) were found in pockets in 1891. Lesser quality brown and yellow crystals, up to 1 cm., have been found in serpentine and albite Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Habit: elongated prisms, massive Colour: black Description: lustrous black crystals in gneiss and calcite; it also occurs in a brownish clay, and in massive form Reference: (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Man¬chester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whitlock, 1903). |
| ⓘ Tremolite Formula: ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Habit: radiating acicular, massive Colour: gray-green, gray-blue Description: Reported as a massive six inch vein four feet in length, gray-blue in color. Peter Zodac reported that Dr. Alonzo Quinn of Brown University confirmed the identification. Also reported to occur in small, radiating groups and flat gray-green crystals on magnetite.
Occurs in long grayish-white fibrous tufts in enstatite. As well as in fine and coarse grained aggregates Reference: (Januzzi, 1966) (Trainer, 1938, 1940) (Zodac, 1938) (Nightingale, 2001) |
| ⓘ Vermiculite Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43 |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Habit: elongated prismatic Colour: brown Description: Brown crystals up to 3 cm. have been reported in hornblende; also as a constituent of the gneiss country-rock Reference: Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, pp.42-43
(Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938). |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Gold ? | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| ⓘ | Graphite | 1.CB.05a | C |
| ⓘ | Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Linnaeite | 2.DA.05 | Co2+Co3+2S4 |
| ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe7S8 |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Brucite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var: Nemalite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Lepidocrocite ? | 4.FE.15 | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var: Rose Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var: Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Ankerite ? | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Hydromagnesite | 5.DA.05 | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Hydrotalcite | 5.DA.50 | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | MgCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Anhydrite | 7.AD.30 | CaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Hexahydrite | 7.CB.25 | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Jarosite | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Linarite | 7.BC.65 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Melanterite | 7.CB.35 | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Posnjakite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| ⓘ | Serpierite ? | 7.DD.30 | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Szomolnokite ? | 7.CB.05 | FeSO4 · H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Autunite | 8.EB.05 | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 11H2O |
| ⓘ | Erythrite | 8.CE.40 | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var: Oligoclase | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 9.BG.05b | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Antigorite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Axinite-(Fe) | 9.BD.20 | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| ⓘ | Chondrodite | 9.AF.45 | (Mg,Fe2+)5(SiO4)2(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Chrysotile | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | var: Leuchtenbergite | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Clinohumite | 9.AF.55 | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Danburite | 9.FA.65 | CaB2Si2O8 |
| ⓘ | Datolite | 9.AJ.20 | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | var: Diallage | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Dravite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Enstatite | 9.DA.05 | Mg2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Ferro-actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ☐{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Grossular | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Hedenbergite | 9.DA.15 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Hisingerite ? | 9.ED.10 | Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Humite | 9.AF.50 | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Ilvaite | 9.BE.07 | CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite ? | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Lizardite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Marialite | 9.FB.15 | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Natrolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Palygorskite | 9.EE.20 | (Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Pargasite | 9.DE.15 | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Pectolite | 9.DG.05 | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Riebeckite | 9.DE.25 | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var: Steatite | 9.EC.05 | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Thomsonite-Ca | 9.GA.10 | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Thorite ? | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Vermiculite | 9.EC.50 | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'var: Byssolite' | - | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Apophyllite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chabazite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Chrysolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Heulandite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
| ⓘ | 'Psilomelane' ? | - | Mn, O |
| ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Riebeckite Root Name' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'var: Crocidolite' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Serpentine Subgroup' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| ⓘ | 'var: Marmolite' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| ⓘ | 'Stilbite subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
| Group 1 - NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Metals, other than the Platinum Group | |||
| ⓘ | Gold ? | 1.1.1.1 | Au |
| Semi-metals and non-metals | |||
| ⓘ | Graphite | 1.3.6.2 | C |
| ⓘ | Sulphur | 1.3.5.1 | S8 |
| Group 2 - SULFIDES | |||
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:2 | |||
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.5.2.1 | Cu5FeS4 |
| AmXp, with m:p = 1:1 | |||
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.8.1.1 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.8.10.1 | Fe7S8 |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.8.2.1 | ZnS |
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1 | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.9.1.1 | CuFeS2 |
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4 | |||
| ⓘ | Linnaeite | 2.10.1.1 | Co2+Co3+2S4 |
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2 | |||
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.12.4.1 | FeAsS |
| ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.12.2.1 | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.12.10.1 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.12.1.1 | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - SIMPLE OXIDES | |||
| A2X3 | |||
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.3.1.2 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.3.5.1 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| AX2 | |||
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.4.1.1 | TiO2 |
| Group 6 - HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL | |||
| XO(OH) | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 6.1.1.2 | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Lepidocrocite ? | 6.1.2.2 | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| X(OH)2 | |||
| ⓘ | Brucite | 6.2.1.1 | Mg(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - MULTIPLE OXIDES | |||
| AB2X4 | |||
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 7.2.2.3 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Spinel | 7.2.1.1 | MgAl2O4 |
| Group 9 - NORMAL HALIDES | |||
| AX2 | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 9.2.1.1 | CaF2 |
| Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES | |||
| A(XO3) | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 14.1.1.1 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 14.1.3.4 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Magnesite | 14.1.1.2 | MgCO3 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 14.1.1.3 | FeCO3 |
| AB(XO3)2 | |||
| ⓘ | Ankerite ? | 14.2.1.2 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 14.2.1.1 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Group 16a - ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| ⓘ | Malachite | 16a.3.1.1 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 16b - HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| ⓘ | Hydrotalcite | 16b.6.2.1 | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Hydromagnesite | 16b.7.1.1 | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Group 28 - ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
| AXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Anhydrite | 28.3.2.1 | CaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Baryte | 28.3.1.1 | BaSO4 |
| Group 29 - HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
| AXO4·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 29.6.3.1 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Hexahydrite | 29.6.8.1 | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Melanterite | 29.6.10.1 | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Szomolnokite ? | 29.6.2.2 | FeSO4 · H2O |
| Group 30 - ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| (AB)m(XO4)pZq, where m:p>2:1 | |||
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 30.1.3.1 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| (AB)2(XO4)Zq | |||
| ⓘ | Jarosite | 30.2.5.1 | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Linarite | 30.2.3.1 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Group 31 - HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| (AB)4(XO4)Zq·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Posnjakite | 31.4.1.1 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| (AB)5(XO4)2Zq·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Serpierite ? | 31.6.2.1 | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Group 40 - HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES | |||
| AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+ | |||
| ⓘ | Autunite | 40.2a.1.1 | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 11H2O |
| A3(XO4)2·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Erythrite | 40.3.6.3 | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Group 41 - ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| A5(XO4)3Zq | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 41.8.1.1 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Group 48 - ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES | |||
| AXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Scheelite | 48.1.2.1 | Ca(WO4) |
| Group 51 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only | |||
| Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in [6] and >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Almandine | 51.4.3a.2 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Grossular | 51.4.3b.2 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Thorite ? | 51.5.2.3 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 51.5.2.1 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Group 52 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O | |||
| Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only | |||
| ⓘ | Chondrodite | 52.3.2b.2 | (Mg,Fe2+)5(SiO4)2(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Clinohumite | 52.3.2d.1 | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
| ⓘ | Humite | 52.3.2c.1 | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 |
| Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Titanite | 52.4.3.1 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Group 54 - NESOSILICATES Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates | |||
| Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates with B in [4] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Datolite | 54.2.1a.1 | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Group 56 - SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O | |||
| Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Axinite-(Fe) | 56.2.2.1 | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| ⓘ | Ilvaite | 56.2.3.3 | CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with[Si2O7] with borate groups | |||
| ⓘ | Danburite | 56.3.1.1 | CaB2Si2O8 |
| Group 58 - SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups | |||
| Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2) | |||
| ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 58.2.1a.1 | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 58.2.1a.4 | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 58.2.1a.7 | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Group 61 - CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings | |||
| Six-Membered Rings with borate groups | |||
| ⓘ | Dravite | 61.3.1.9 | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1) | |||
| Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2 | |||
| ⓘ | Augite | 65.1.3a.3 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 65.1.3a.1 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Enstatite | 65.1.2.1 | Mg2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Hedenbergite | 65.1.3a.2 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3 | |||
| ⓘ | Pectolite | 65.2.1.4a | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Group 66 - INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2) | |||
| Amphiboles - Mg-Fe-Mn-Li subgroup | |||
| ⓘ | Pargasite | 66.1.3a.12 | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Tremolite | 66.1.3a.1 | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Group 71 - PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings | |||
| Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers | |||
| ⓘ | Antigorite | 71.1.2a.1 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Chrysotile | 71.1.5.1 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Hisingerite ? | 71.1.5.2 | Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Lizardite | 71.1.2b.2 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers | |||
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 71.2.2a.1 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 71.2.2b.1 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Talc | 71.2.1.3 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Vermiculite | 71.2.2d.3 | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Sheets of 6-membered rings interlayered 1:1, 2:1, and octahedra | |||
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 71.4.1.4 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Group 72 - PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings | |||
| Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 4-membered rings | |||
| ⓘ | Prehnite | 72.1.3.1 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Group 74 - PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers | |||
| Modulated Layers with joined strips | |||
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 74.3.2.1 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Palygorskite | 74.3.1a.1 | (Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks | |||
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 75.1.3.1 | SiO2 |
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with H2O and organics | |||
| ⓘ | Opal | 75.2.1.1 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework | |||
| Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks | |||
| ⓘ | Albite | 76.1.3.1 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 76.1.1.5 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al-Si Framework with other Be/Al/Si frameworks | |||
| ⓘ | Marialite | 76.3.1.1 | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Group 77 - TECTOSILICATES Zeolites | |||
| Zeolite group - True zeolites | |||
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 77.1.1.4 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Natrolite | 77.1.5.1 | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | Actinolite | - | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Albite var: Oligoclase | - | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'var: Byssolite' | - | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Apophyllite' | - | |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | - | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | Brucite var: Nemalite | - | Mg(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chabazite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Chrysolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore var: Leuchtenbergite | - | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Diopside var: Diallage | - | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | Ferro-actinolite | - | ☐{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Heulandite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende' | - | |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite ? | - | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
| ⓘ | 'Psilomelane' ? | - | Mn, O |
| ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | Quartz var: Rose Quartz | - | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var: Smoky Quartz | - | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Riebeckite | - | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Riebeckite Root Name' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'var: Crocidolite' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Serpentine Subgroup' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| ⓘ | 'var: Marmolite' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| ⓘ | 'Stilbite subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | Talc var: Steatite | - | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Thomsonite-Ca | - | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup (var: Byssolite) | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name (var: Crocidolite) | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Limonite | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
| H | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup (var: Marmolite) | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| H | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Posnjakite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Brucite (var: Nemalite) | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Talc (var: Steatite) | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Palygorskite | (Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Tremolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore (var: Leuchtenbergite) | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| H | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 11H2O |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| H | ⓘ Hisingerite | Fe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| B | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| C | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Graphite | C |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Chondrodite | (Mg,Fe2+)5(SiO4)2(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
| O | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup (var: Byssolite) | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name (var: Crocidolite) | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Limonite | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
| O | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Albite (var: Oligoclase) | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Diopside (var: Diallage) | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz (var: Rose Quartz) | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz (var: Smoky Quartz) | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup (var: Marmolite) | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Posnjakite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Brucite (var: Nemalite) | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Talc (var: Steatite) | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Palygorskite | (Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tremolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore (var: Leuchtenbergite) | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| O | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 11H2O |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| O | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Hisingerite | Fe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Psilomelane | Mn, O |
| O | ⓘ Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Chondrodite | (Mg,Fe2+)5(SiO4)2(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup (var: Byssolite) | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name (var: Crocidolite) | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name (var: Crocidolite) | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite (var: Oligoclase) | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Chondrodite | (Mg,Fe2+)5(SiO4)2(F,OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside (var: Diallage) | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup (var: Marmolite) | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Brucite (var: Nemalite) | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc (var: Steatite) | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Palygorskite | (Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Tremolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore (var: Leuchtenbergite) | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Mg | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup (var: Byssolite) | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Albite (var: Oligoclase) | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup (var: Marmolite) | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Palygorskite | (Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore (var: Leuchtenbergite) | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Al | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Al | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Chondrodite | (Mg,Fe2+)5(SiO4)2(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
| Si | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| Si | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup (var: Byssolite) | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name (var: Crocidolite) | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Albite (var: Oligoclase) | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside (var: Diallage) | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz (var: Rose Quartz) | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz (var: Smoky Quartz) | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup (var: Marmolite) | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Si | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc (var: Steatite) | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Palygorskite | (Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Tremolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore (var: Leuchtenbergite) | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Si | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Si | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Hisingerite | Fe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 11H2O |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe7S8 |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Linnaeite | Co2+Co23+S4 |
| S | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Posnjakite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Sulphur | S8 |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | ⓘ Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup (var: Byssolite) | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name (var: Crocidolite) | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Albite (var: Oligoclase) | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside (var: Diallage) | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Tremolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 11H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Ca | ⓘ Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup (var: Byssolite) | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup (var: Marmolite) | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Mn | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Mn | ⓘ Psilomelane | Mn, O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe7S8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name (var: Crocidolite) | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Limonite | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
| Fe | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup (var: Marmolite) | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Fe | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Fe | ⓘ Hisingerite | Fe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Co | Cobalt | |
| Co | ⓘ Linnaeite | Co2+Co23+S4 |
| Co | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup (var: Marmolite) | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Ni | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Posnjakite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup (var: Marmolite) | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Zn | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Zn | ⓘ Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 11H2O |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Mather, W. W. (1839), Third Annual Report on the Geology of the First Geological District of the State of New York. Albany, New York.
Rogers, H. D. (1840), Final report on the geology of the State of New Jersey. 12-43.
Beck, L. C. (1842), Mineralogy of New York. W. and A. White and J. Visscher, Albany, New York.
Mather, W. W. (1843), Geology of New York, Part I, Comprising Geology of the First Geological District. Albany, New York.
Cook, G. H. (1868), The Geology of New Jersey. Newark, New Jersey.
Breidenbaugh, E. S. (1873), On the minerals found at the Tilly Foster iron mines, N.Y. American Journal of Science: third series: 6: 207-213.
Dana, James D. (1874), On serpentine pseudo-morphs and other kinds from the Tilly Foster iron mine, Putnam County, New York. American Journal of Science, third series: 8: 371-381, 447-459.
Dana, Edward S. (1875), Preliminary notice of chondrodite crystals from the Tilly Foster mine, Brewster, New York. American Journal of Science, third series: 9: 63-64.
Dana, Edward S. (1875b), On the chondrodite from the Tilly Foster mine, Brewster, New York. American Journal of Science, third series: 10: 89-103.
Merrill, F.J.H. and Britton, N.L. (1883), Annual Report of the State Geologist for 1883. 27-77.
Merrill, F.J.H. and Britton, N.L. (1885), Annual Report of the State Geologist for 1885. 36-55.
Wendt, A. F. (1885), The iron mines of Putnam County, N. Y. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers: 13: 478- 488.
Pelletreau, William (1886), History of Putnam County, New York. W.W. Preston, Philadelphia.
Putnam, B.T. (1886), Report on the mining industries of the United States. Tenth Census, 1880.
Ruttmann, F. S. (1887), Notes on the geology of the Tilly Foster ore-body, Putnam County, New York. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers: 15: 79- 90
McDowell, F. H. (1889), The reopening of the Tilly Foster iron-mine. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers: 17: 758-767.
Landis, E. K. (1900), The Tilly Foster mine. The Journal of the Franklin Institute: 150: 223-226.
Whitlock, H. P. (1903), List of New York mineral localities. Bulletin of the New York State Museum: 70: 70-71.
Stewart, A. C. (1908), The magnetite belts of Putnam County, N. Y. The School of Mines Quarterly: 29: 283-294.
Koeberlin, F. R. (1909), The Brewster iron bearing district of New York. Economic Geology: 4: 713-54.
Colony, R. J. (1921), The magnetite iron deposits of southeastern New York. New York State Museum Bulletin: 249-250.
Manchester, J. G. (1931), The Minerals of New York City and its Environs. New York Mineralogical Club, Bulletin: 3(1), New York, NY, 165 p., 127 plates.
Doherty, E. (1934), Report on the Rocks and Minerals Association Second National Outing. Rocks and Minerals: 9(7): 105.
Zodac, Peter. (1934), Club and society notes. Rocks and Minerals: 9(6): 91.
Elwell, Wilbur. (1936), Mineral collecting by hydroplane. Rocks and Minerals: 11(6): 92 -93.
Trainer, John N. (1938), Tilly Foster up-to-date. Rocks and Minerals: 13(10): 291-303.
Zodac, Peter. (1938), Some recent finds at Tilly Foster. Rocks and Minerals: 13(6): 180-181.
Trainer, John N. (1939), Tilly Foster up-to-date. Rocks and Minerals: 14(2): 50-52.
Trainer, John N. (1940), Another year at Tilly Foster. Rocks and Minerals: 15(4): 126–128.
Trainer, John N. (1941), The fifth year at Tilly Foster. Rocks and Minerals: 16(4): 122-126.
Rosch, J. (1942), A Tilly Foster incident. Rocks and Minerals: 17(1): 16-17.
Trainer, John N. (1942), Sixth year at Tilly Foster. Rocks and Minerals: 17(1): 8-9.
Trainer, John N. (1943), More about Tilly Foster. Rocks and Minerals: 18(6): 168-169.
Prucha, John J. (1956), Geology of the Brewster magnetite district of southeastern New York. New York State Museum and Science Service Circular 43.
Bourne, W. (1957), Trip to Tilly Foster, New York. Rocks and Minerals: 32(5-6): 258-260.
Januzzi, Ronald E. (1966), A Field Mineralogy of the Tilly Foster Iron Mine. Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
Sinkankas, John. (1966), Gemstones of North America, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J. 675 p.
Frondel, Clifford. (1970), letter to Ronald Januzzi dated January 2 1970, in reference to loss of access to the Tilly Foster mine site.
Nuwer, Henry (1971), The Tilly Foster mine. Rocks and Minerals: 46(3):147-154.
Januzzi, Ronald E. (1976), The Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State. Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
Januzzi, Ronald E. (1989), Tilly Foster Mineral Chart. Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
Roe, A. (1990), Washington A. Roebling—his life and mineral collection. Mineralogical Record: 21(1): 13-30.
Isachsen, Y. W., Landing, E., Lauber, J. M., Rickard, L. V., and Rogers, W. B., editors. (1991). Geology of New York - A Simplified Account. Educational Leaflet No. 28, Albany, New York.
Tschernich, Rudy. (1992), Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Phoenix, 116.
Januzzi, Ronald E. (1994), Mineral Data Book - Western Connecticut and Environs. Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
Lininger, Jay. (1997), Iron smelting in the Hudson Highlands: a retrospective of the Greenwood Ironworks. Matrix: 5(4): 146-151
Nightingale, Stephen L. (2001a), Mineral Species Reported to Occur at the Tilly Foster Iron Mine. Matrix: 9(2): 73-77.
Nightingale, Stephen L. (2001b), Tilly Foster Pseudomorphs. Matrix: 9(2): 78-79.
Nightingale, Stephen L. (2001c), The Tilly Foster Iron Mine: Southeast, Putnam County, New York. Matrix: 9(2): 51-72.
Smock, J. C. Iron mines and iron-ore districts in the State of New York. Bulletin of the New York State Museum of Natural History: 7: 2223.
External Links
The New York State Museum www.nysam.org/foster/
19th century American Journal of Science search page: http://diva.library.cmu.edu/ajs/search.jsp
19th century American Journal of Science search page: http://diva.library.cmu.edu/ajs/search.jsp
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Tilly Foster Iron Mine, Brewster, Town of Southeast, Putnam Co., New York, USA