Old abandoned copper mine (mined since 1864, abandoned in 1961).
Mining dates back to the early Copper Age; compare Monte Loreto.

The mining site is located on the west boundary of the Valgraveglia ophiolite complex, about 6 km northeast of Sestri Levante. Libiola was the biggest mine in the eastern Liguria district and probably the most productive in the northern Apennine, having supplied more than 1.5 Mt of ore with an average grade of 7 wt% Cu between 1864 and 1961 when it was definitively closed (Galli and Penco, 1996).

The sulfide deposit consists of a suite of massive sulfide lenses (25-35 wt% total S) stacked one on the other at the top of a huge dome of pillow basalt, underlain and partly overthrust by massive serpentinite and laminated gabbro. At the footwall of massive orebodies, the sulfide "infiltrates" among pillows and pillow-breccia fragments, giving rise to an interstitial ore (<10 wt% total S) that grades into a network of millimetric veins, filling cracks and fissures within completely chloritised basalt (stringer ore).

The sulfide assemblage is dominated by pyrite and chalcopyrite with subordinate sphalerite and pyrrhotite, in a gangue of quartz, calcite, and chlorite. The biogenic features observed in stratiform deposits are absent, although pyrite framboids have been observed in several samples. Ilmenite, rutile, and titanite occur in the chlorite gangue of the stringers (Garuti & Zaccarini, 2005; Garuti et al., 2008). Gold and silver minerals have been reported to be relatively common (Galli, 1959; Ferrario and Garuti, 1980) frequently accompanied by uraninite (Garuti and Zaccarini, 2005). A second type of very low-grade mineralisation occurs associated with shear zones in serpentinite, possibly representing syn-tectonic remobilisation of magmatic sulfides, as indicated by the occurrence of accessory pentlandite (Bertolani, 1952).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

ⓘ Acanthite

ⓘ var. Cobalt-bearing Calcite

ⓘ Carbonatecyanotrichite

ⓘ var. Chalcotrichite

ⓘ 'Ferro-actinolite-Tremolite Series'

ⓘ var. Copper-bearing Melanterite

71 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite

Formula: Ag₂S

References:

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

ⓘ Allophane

Formula: (Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Alunogen

Formula: Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Andradite

Formula: Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Antlerite

Formula: Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄

References:

Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1988): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1988. Sagep, Ed., Genova

ⓘ Aragonite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Carbone, C. , Marescotti, P., Cabella, R., Lucchetti, G. (2002): Sulfide alteration and related secondary minerals from the Libiola mine (Eastern Liguria, Italy). Poster at the 82° SIMP Congress , Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 18-20/09/2002. Abstract in Plinius 28 , 88-89.

ⓘ Azurite

Formula: Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Bernalite

Formula: Fe(OH)₃ · nH₂O (n = 0.0 to 0.25)

References:

Dott. Cristina Carbone-Dipteris-Genova: analysis June 2007 (paper in preparation)

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ Bieberite

Formula: CoSO₄ · 7H₂O

References:

ⓘ Bonattite

Formula: CuSO₄ · 3H₂O

References:

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Botryogen

Formula: MgFe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH) · 7H₂O

References:

Mineralogical Society of America - Handbook of Mineralogy

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Brochantite

Formula: Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆

References:

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

Garuti, G., Bartoli, O., Scacchetti, M., and Zaccarini, F. (2008) Geological setting and structural styles of Volcanic Massive Sulfide deposits in the northern Apennines (Italy): evidence for seafloor and sub-seafloor hydrothermal activity in unconventional ophiolites of the Mesozoic Tethys. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 60, 1, 121-145.

ⓘ Calcite var. Cobalt-bearing Calcite

Formula: (Ca,Co)CO₃

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Carbonatecyanotrichite

Formula: Cu₄Al₂(CO₃,SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O

References:

Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1991): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1990. Sagep, Ed., Genova

ⓘ Chalcanthite

Formula: CuSO₄ · 5H₂O

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Chalcoalumite

Formula: CuAl₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 3H₂O

References:

Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1988): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1988. Sagep, Ed., Genova

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

References:

Palenzona, A., & Martinelli, A. (2007). Uvarovite in Liguria. Prie, 3 (2007), 16-18

ⓘ Chrysocolla

Formula: Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Copiapite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Copper

Formula: Cu

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ Covellite

Formula: CuS

References:

Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1988): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1988. Sagep, Ed., Genova

ⓘ Cronstedtite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂Fe³⁺((Si,Fe³⁺)₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

ⓘ Cubanite

Formula: CuFe₂S₃

References:

Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1988): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1988. Sagep, Ed., Genova

ⓘ Cuprite

Formula: Cu₂O

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite

Formula: Cu₂O

References:

Beppe Finello collection

ⓘ Cyanotrichite

Formula: Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O

References:

Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1991): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1990. Sagep, Ed., Genova

ⓘ Devilline

Formula: CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ · 3H₂O

References:

A. Palenzona (2005): personal communication to C. Balestra

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Epsomite

Formula: MgSO₄ · 7H₂O

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Felsőbányaite

Formula: Al₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₀ · 4H₂O

References:

Dott. Cristina Carbone-Dipteris-Genova: analysis June 2007 (paper in preparation)

ⓘ Ferrihydrite

Formula: Fe³⁺₁₀O₁₄(OH)₂

References:

E. Dinelli, N. Morandi & F. Tateo (1998): Fine-grained weathering products in waste disposal from two sulphide mines in the northern Apennines, Italy. Clay Minerals 33,423-433.

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ 'Ferro-actinolite-Tremolite Series'

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: α-Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ Gold

Formula: Au

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950

Di Lisi, S., Morino, A., and Muzio, C. (2020) Oro sui chiodi. Un classico della mineralogia ligure dalla miniera di Libiola (GE). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 44, 3 (3-2020), 186-189.

ⓘ Greenalite

Formula: (Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)_2-3Si₂O₅(OH)₄

References:

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Halloysite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

Dott. Cristina Carbone-Dipteris-Genova: analysis June 2007 (paper in preparation)

ⓘ Halotrichite

Formula: FeAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O

References:

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

ⓘ Hydrowoodwardite

Formula: (Cu_1-xAl_x)(OH)₂[SO₄]_x/2 · nH₂O

References:

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

Garuti, G. & Zaccarini, F. (2005): Minerals of Au, Ag and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43 935-950.

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

ⓘ Jarosite

Formula: KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

Belmonte, D. (2005): personal communication to C. Balestra

ⓘ Langite

Formula: Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆ · 2H₂O

References:

AA.VV. (1998): Minerali liguri in pillole. Notiziario di Mineralogia del Ferrania Club, 12/1998, 13.

ⓘ Lepidocrocite

Formula: γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1988): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1988. Sagep, Ed., Genova

ⓘ Melanterite

Formula: Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite

Formula: (Fe,Cu)SO₄ · 7H₂O

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Montmorillonite

Formula: (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

ⓘ Nontronite

Formula: Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

ⓘ Pentlandite

Formula: (Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈

References:

Bertolani, M. (1952) I giacimenti cupriferi nelle ofioliti di Sestri Levante (Liguria). Periodico di Mineralogia, 21, 2-3, 149-170.

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Pickeringite

Formula: MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ Pyrolusite

Formula: Mn⁴⁺O₂

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Pyrophyllite

Formula: Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1988): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1988. Sagep, Ed., Genova

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

References:

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

ⓘ Schwertmannite

Formula: Fe³⁺₁₆(OH,SO₄)_12-13O₁₆ · 10-12H₂O

References:

Carbone, C. (2005): Seminar on “Minerali di neo-formazione nei processi di acid-rock drainage”. Genova, Italy, 17/01/2005.

Carbone, C. (2008). Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius No. 34

ⓘ Siderotil

Formula: FeSO₄ · 5H₂O

References:

ⓘ Silver

Formula: Ag

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Smithsonite

Formula: ZnCO₃

References:

Bracco, R. (2005): personal communication.

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

ⓘ Spherocobaltite

Formula: CoCO₃

References:

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 176.

ⓘ Tenorite

Formula: CuO

References:

Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

References:

Antofilli, Borgo & Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

ⓘ Uraninite

Formula: UO₂

References:

Garuti, G. & Zaccarini, F. (2005): Minerals of Au, Ag and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43 935-950.

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

ⓘ Uvarovite

Formula: Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Palenzona, A., & Martinelli, A. (2007). Uvarovite in Liguria. Prie, 3 (2007), 16-18

ⓘ Valleriite

Formula: (Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆

References:

AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.

Gallery:

(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂Oⓘ Allophane

Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄ⓘ Antlerite

Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂ⓘ Azurite

MgFe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH) · 7H₂Oⓘ Botryogen

Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆ⓘ Brochantite

CuSO₄ · 5H₂Oⓘ Chalcanthite

Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1ⓘ Chrysocolla

Cuⓘ Copper

Cu₂Oⓘ Cuprite

Cu₂Oⓘ Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite

CaSO₄ · 2H₂Oⓘ Gypsum

Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂ⓘ Malachite

Agⓘ Silver

Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃ⓘ Uvarovite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
ⓘ	Gold	1.AA.05	Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Acanthite	2.BA.35	Ag₂S
ⓘ	Pentlandite	2.BB.15	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
ⓘ	Covellite	2.CA.05a	CuS
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Cubanite	2.CB.55a	CuFe₂S₃
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Valleriite	2.FD.30	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Cuprite	4.AA.10	Cu₂O
ⓘ	var. Chalcotrichite	4.AA.10	Cu₂O
ⓘ	Tenorite	4.AB.10	CuO
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Pyrolusite	4.DB.05	Mn⁴⁺O₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Uraninite	4.DL.05	UO₂
ⓘ	Bernalite	4.FC.05	Fe(OH)₃ · nH₂O (n = 0.0 to 0.25)
ⓘ	Lepidocrocite	4.FE.15	γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Ferrihydrite	4.FE.35	Fe³⁺₁₀O₁₄(OH)₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite var. Cobalt-bearing Calcite	5.AB.05	(Ca,Co)CO₃
ⓘ		5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Spherocobaltite	5.AB.05	CoCO₃
ⓘ	Smithsonite	5.AB.05	ZnCO₃
ⓘ	Aragonite	5.AB.15	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Azurite	5.BA.05	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Antlerite	7.BB.15	Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Brochantite	7.BB.25	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
ⓘ	Jarosite	7.BC.10	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Bonattite	7.CB.10	CuSO₄ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Siderotil	7.CB.20	FeSO₄ · 5H₂O
ⓘ	Chalcanthite	7.CB.20	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
ⓘ	Melanterite	7.CB.35	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
ⓘ	var. Copper-bearing Melanterite	7.CB.35	(Fe,Cu)SO₄ · 7H₂O
ⓘ	Bieberite	7.CB.35	CoSO₄ · 7H₂O
ⓘ	Epsomite	7.CB.40	MgSO₄ · 7H₂O
ⓘ	Alunogen	7.CB.45	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
ⓘ	Halotrichite	7.CB.85	FeAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
ⓘ	Pickeringite	7.CB.85	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Copiapite	7.DB.35	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
ⓘ	Botryogen	7.DC.25	MgFe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH) · 7H₂O
ⓘ	Felsőbányaite	7.DD.05	Al₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₀ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Langite	7.DD.10	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Devilline	7.DD.30	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Hydrowoodwardite	7.DD.35	(Cu_1-xAl_x)(OH)₂[SO₄]_x/2 · nH₂O
ⓘ	Chalcoalumite	7.DD.75	CuAl₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Carbonatecyanotrichite	7.DE.10	Cu₄Al₂(CO₃,SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Cyanotrichite	7.DE.10	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Schwertmannite	7.DE.15	Fe³⁺₁₆(OH,SO₄)_12-13O₁₆ · 10-12H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Andradite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Uvarovite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Pyrophyllite	9.EC.10	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Nontronite	9.EC.40	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Montmorillonite	9.EC.40	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Halloysite	9.ED.10	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Cronstedtite	9.ED.15	Fe²⁺₂Fe³⁺((Si,Fe³⁺)₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Greenalite	9.ED.15	(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)_2-3Si₂O₅(OH)₄
ⓘ	Allophane	9.ED.20	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
ⓘ	Chrysocolla	9.ED.20	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Ferro-actinolite-Tremolite Series'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
H	ⓘ Alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
H	ⓘ Antlerite	Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Bernalite	Fe(OH)₃ · nH₂O (n = 0.0 to 0.25)
H	ⓘ Bieberite	CoSO₄ · 7H₂O
H	ⓘ Bonattite	CuSO₄ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Botryogen	MgFe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH) · 7H₂O
H	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Carbonatecyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(CO₃,SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Chalcoalumite	CuAl₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
H	ⓘ Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
H	ⓘ Cronstedtite	Fe₂²⁺Fe³⁺((Si,Fe³⁺)₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Devilline	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Epsomite	MgSO₄ · 7H₂O
H	ⓘ Felsőbányaite	Al₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₀ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Ferrihydrite	Fe₁₀³⁺O₁₄(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Greenalite	(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)_2-3Si₂O₅(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Halotrichite	FeAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
H	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Langite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Lepidocrocite	γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
H	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
H	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Siderotil	FeSO₄ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
H	ⓘ Hydrowoodwardite	(Cu_1-xAl_x)(OH)₂[SO₄]_x/2 · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Schwertmannite	Fe₁₆³⁺(OH,SO₄)_12-13O₁₆ · 10-12H₂O
H	ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite	(Fe,Cu)SO₄ · 7H₂O
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Carbonatecyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(CO₃,SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
C	ⓘ Calcite var. Cobalt-bearing Calcite	(Ca,Co)CO₃
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
C	ⓘ Spherocobaltite	CoCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
O	ⓘ Alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
O	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Antlerite	Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Bernalite	Fe(OH)₃ · nH₂O (n = 0.0 to 0.25)
O	ⓘ Bieberite	CoSO₄ · 7H₂O
O	ⓘ Bonattite	CuSO₄ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Botryogen	MgFe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH) · 7H₂O
O	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Carbonatecyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(CO₃,SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Chalcoalumite	CuAl₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite	Cu₂O
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
O	ⓘ Calcite var. Cobalt-bearing Calcite	(Ca,Co)CO₃
O	ⓘ Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
O	ⓘ Cronstedtite	Fe₂²⁺Fe³⁺((Si,Fe³⁺)₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
O	ⓘ Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Devilline	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Epsomite	MgSO₄ · 7H₂O
O	ⓘ Felsőbányaite	Al₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₀ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Ferrihydrite	Fe₁₀³⁺O₁₄(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Greenalite	(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)_2-3Si₂O₅(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Halotrichite	FeAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Langite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Lepidocrocite	γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
O	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
O	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Siderotil	FeSO₄ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	ⓘ Spherocobaltite	CoCO₃
O	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Uraninite	UO₂
O	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
O	ⓘ Hydrowoodwardite	(Cu_1-xAl_x)(OH)₂[SO₄]_x/2 · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Schwertmannite	Fe₁₆³⁺(OH,SO₄)_12-13O₁₆ · 10-12H₂O
O	ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite	(Fe,Cu)SO₄ · 7H₂O
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Botryogen	MgFe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH) · 7H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Epsomite	MgSO₄ · 7H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
Al	ⓘ Alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
Al	ⓘ Carbonatecyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(CO₃,SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Chalcoalumite	CuAl₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 3H₂O
Al	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Al	ⓘ Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Felsőbányaite	Al₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₀ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Halotrichite	FeAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Al	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Al	ⓘ Hydrowoodwardite	(Cu_1-xAl_x)(OH)₂[SO₄]_x/2 · nH₂O
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
Si	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Si	ⓘ Cronstedtite	Fe₂²⁺Fe³⁺((Si,Fe³⁺)₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Greenalite	(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)_2-3Si₂O₅(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
S	ⓘ Alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
S	ⓘ Antlerite	Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄
S	ⓘ Bieberite	CoSO₄ · 7H₂O
S	ⓘ Bonattite	CuSO₄ · 3H₂O
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Botryogen	MgFe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH) · 7H₂O
S	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Carbonatecyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(CO₃,SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
S	ⓘ Chalcoalumite	CuAl₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 3H₂O
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
S	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
S	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
S	ⓘ Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Devilline	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ · 3H₂O
S	ⓘ Epsomite	MgSO₄ · 7H₂O
S	ⓘ Felsőbányaite	Al₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₀ · 4H₂O
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Halotrichite	FeAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
S	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Langite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
S	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
S	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Siderotil	FeSO₄ · 5H₂O
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
S	ⓘ Hydrowoodwardite	(Cu_1-xAl_x)(OH)₂[SO₄]_x/2 · nH₂O
S	ⓘ Schwertmannite	Fe₁₆³⁺(OH,SO₄)_12-13O₁₆ · 10-12H₂O
S	ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite	(Fe,Cu)SO₄ · 7H₂O
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Calcite var. Cobalt-bearing Calcite	(Ca,Co)CO₃
Ca	ⓘ Devilline	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ · 3H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Cr	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Bernalite	Fe(OH)₃ · nH₂O (n = 0.0 to 0.25)
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Botryogen	MgFe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH) · 7H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Cronstedtite	Fe₂²⁺Fe³⁺((Si,Fe³⁺)₂O₅)(OH)₄
Fe	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Fe	ⓘ Ferrihydrite	Fe₁₀³⁺O₁₄(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Greenalite	(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)_2-3Si₂O₅(OH)₄
Fe	ⓘ Halotrichite	FeAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Fe	ⓘ Lepidocrocite	γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Siderotil	FeSO₄ · 5H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Fe	ⓘ Schwertmannite	Fe₁₆³⁺(OH,SO₄)_12-13O₁₆ · 10-12H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite	(Fe,Cu)SO₄ · 7H₂O
Co	Cobalt
Co	ⓘ Bieberite	CoSO₄ · 7H₂O
Co	ⓘ Calcite var. Cobalt-bearing Calcite	(Ca,Co)CO₃
Co	ⓘ Spherocobaltite	CoCO₃
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Antlerite	Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄
Cu	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Bonattite	CuSO₄ · 3H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
Cu	ⓘ Carbonatecyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(CO₃,SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Chalcoalumite	CuAl₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 3H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite	Cu₂O
Cu	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Cu	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
Cu	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Cu	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
Cu	ⓘ Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂ · 2H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Devilline	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ · 3H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Langite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆ · 2H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
Cu	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Cu	ⓘ Hydrowoodwardite	(Cu_1-xAl_x)(OH)₂[SO₄]_x/2 · nH₂O
Cu	ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite	(Fe,Cu)SO₄ · 7H₂O
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
Ag	ⓘ Silver	Ag
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Gold	Au
U	Uranium
U	ⓘ Uraninite	UO₂

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libiola
Wikidata ID:	Q18457979

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References

Bertolani, M. (1952) I giacimenti cupriferi nelle ofioliti di Sestri Levante (Liguria). Periodico di Mineralogia, 21(2-3), 149-170.

Galli, M. (1959) Sulla presenza di Argento nativo nella miniera di Libiola. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 71, 119-129.

Galli, M. and Penco, A.M. (1966) Le miniere di rame e di manganese della Liguria orientale. Atti dell'Accademia Ligure di Scienze e Lettere, serie V, 53, 215-247.

Ferrario, A. and Garuti, G. (1980) Copper deposits in the basal breccias and volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Eastern Ligurian ophiolites (Italy). Mineralium Deposita, 15, 291-303.

Antofilli, M., Borgo, E., and Palenzona, A. (1983) I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 296 pp.

Dinelli, E., Morandi, N., and Tateo, F. (1998) Fine-grained weathering products in waste disposal from two sulphide mines in the northern Apennines, Italy. Clay Minerals, 33, 423-433.

Garuti, G. and Zaccarini, F. (2005) Minerals of Au, Ag, and U in volcanic-rock-associated massive sulfide deposits of the Northern Apennine ophiolite, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 935-950.

Maggi, R. and Pearce, M. (2005): Mid fourth-millennium copper mining in Liguria north-west Italy: The earliest known copper mines in western Europe. Antiquity 79, 66-77. [http://beniculturali.altaviadeimontiliguri.it/beniAVML/resources/cms/documents/MaggiPearceAntiquityML.pdf]

Carbone, C. (2008) Crystallochemical and minerogenetic study of oxide and oxy-hydroxides related to AMD (acid mine drainage) processes in Libiola mine (Sestri Levante). Plinius, 34.

Marescotti, Pietro, Gerardo Brancucci, Giulia Sasso, Monica Solimano, Valentina Marin, Christian Muzio, and Paola Salmona. (2018) "Geoheritage Values and Environmental Issues of Derelict Mines: Examples from the Sulfide Mines of Gromolo and Petronio Valleys (Eastern Liguria, Italy)" Minerals 8, no. 6: 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8060229

Di Lisi, S., Morino, A., and Muzio, C. (2020) Oro sui chiodi. Un classico della mineralogia ligure dalla miniera di Libiola (GE). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 44, 3 (3-2020), 186-189.

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Libiola Mine, Sestri Levante, Genoa, Liguria, Italy i
Regional Level Types
Libiola Mine Mine
Sestri Levante Commune
Genoa Metropolitan City
Liguria Administrative Region
Italy - not defined -