Siderotil
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About Siderotil
Formula:
FeSO4 · 5H2O
Colour:
Yellowish, white, light green; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Silky
Hardness:
2½
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
From Greek "sideros", iron, plus "tilos", fiber, alluding to its composition and habit.
Type Locality:
Classification of Siderotil
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
6/C.04-20
7.CB.20
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.6.7.2
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
25.10.3
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
Physical Properties of Siderotil
Silky
Colour:
Yellowish, white, light green; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Optical Data of Siderotil
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.513 - 1.515 nβ = 1.525 - 1.526 nγ = 1.534 - 1.536
2V:
Measured: 50° , Calculated: 80° to 86°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.021

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
strong
Chemical Properties of Siderotil
Formula:
FeSO4 · 5H2O
IMA Formula:
Fe(SO4) · 5H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Siderotil
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.292(5) Å, b = 10.632(8) Å, c = 6.072(5) Å
α = 82.62(1)°, β = 110.01(1)°, γ = 105.18(1)°
α = 82.62(1)°, β = 110.01(1)°, γ = 105.18(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.592 : 1 : 0.571
Unit Cell V:
368.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Fibrous crusts; groups of divergent needle-like crystals.
Comment:
Space group P1 or P-1. Non-standard setting.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0005844 | Siderotil | Peterson R C, Roeder P L, Zhang Y (2003) The atomic structure of siderotil, (Fe,Cu)SO4.5H2O The Canadian Mineralogist 41 671-676 | ![]() | 2003 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
5.73 Å | (5) |
5.57 Å | (6) |
4.89 Å | (10) |
3.73 Å | (8) |
3.21 Å | (4) |
2.92 Å | (4) |
2.68 Å | (4) |
Type Occurrence of Siderotil
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Siderotil
Relationship of Siderotil to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. |
Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | (Ni,Fe)SO4 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O | Tric. |
7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O | Mon. |
7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O | Mon. |
7.CB.15 | Aplowite | (Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.CB.15 | Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CB.15 | Ilesite | (Mn,Zn,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. |
7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. |
7.CB.25 | Bianchite | (Zn,Fe)SO4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | (Mn,Mg)SO4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | FeSO4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | (Co,Ni,Mn)SO4 · 6H2O | Mon. |
7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | (Ni,Mg,Fe)SO4 · 6H2O | Mon. |
7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O | Tet. 4 2 2 : P41 21 2 |
7.CB.35 | Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
7.CB.35 | Boothite | CuSO4 · 7H2O | Mon. |
7.CB.35 | Mallardite | MnSO4 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | (Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2O | Mon. |
7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O | Tric. 1 |
7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O | |
7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c |
7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c |
7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O | Mon. |
7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O | Mon. 2 : P2 |
7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | (Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O | Mon. |
7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | (Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O | Mon. |
7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
29.6.7.1 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
29.6.7.3 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. |
29.6.7.4 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
25.10.1 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
25.10.2 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
25.10.4 | Ferrohexahydrite | FeSO4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
25.10.5 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
25.10.6 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
25.10.7 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
25.10.8 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
25.10.9 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c |
25.10.10 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O | Trig. 3 : R3 |
25.10.11 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
25.10.12 | Ferricopiapite | Fe3+0.67Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
25.10.13 | Metahohmannite | Fe3+2(SO4)2O · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
25.10.14 | Hohmannite | Fe3+2(SO4)2O · 8H2O | Tric. 1 |
25.10.15 | Butlerite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
25.10.16 | Parabutlerite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
25.10.17 | Amarantite | Fe3+2(SO4)2O · 7H2O | Tric. 1 |
25.10.18 | Fibroferrite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O | Mon. |
25.10.19 | Hydroniumjarosite | (H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
25.10.20 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
25.10.21 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
25.10.22 | Copiapite | Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Siderotil
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Marignac (1856) Annales des mines: 9: 11 (artificial salt).
Schrauf, A. (1891), Geol. Reich. Jahrb., Vienna: 41, 380 (as Siderotyl).
Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 134.
Mellor, J.W. (1935) A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. 16 volumes, London: vol. 14: 249.
Ross (1940) USGS Bull. 922B: 44.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 491-492.
Jambor, J.L. and Traill, R.J. (1963) On rozenite and siderotil. Canadian Mineralogist: 7: 751-763.
American Mineralogist (1964): 49: 820.
Peterson, R.C. (2003a) Transition-metal substitution in melanterite from Iron Mountain, California. Canadian Mineralogist: 41: 937-949.
Peterson, R.C. (2003b) Dehydration of mine waste. The relationship among melanterite FeSO4·7H2O, siderotil FeSO4·5H2O and rozenite FeSO4·4H2O. Geological Association of Canada-Mineralogical Association of Canada-Society of Economic Geologists Abstracts Volume 28: 134-135.
Peterson, R.C., Roeder, P.L., and Zhang, Y. (2003) The atomic structure of siderotil, (Fe,Cu)SO4·5H2O Canadian Mineralogist: 41: 671-676.
Internet Links for Siderotil
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3643.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Siderotil
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina) |
Australia | |
| Thienenkamp, M. (2004). Post-closure mine hydrology and its impact on underground tailings disposal at the Thalanga mine, Queensland, Australia. Mine water, 85-90. |
Austria | |
| G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
| Postl, W. (1977) |
Postl (1977) | |
| Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2005): Schwaz-Brixlegger-Fundstellen: 3. Die Minerale vom Bergbau Maukenötz bei Brixlegg, Tirol. Der Aufschluss, 56, 223-234. |
Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005) | |
Bolivia | |
| [MinRec 32:465] |
Bulgaria | |
| Atanassova, R. & Kerestedjian, T. (2009): Efflorescent minerals from the metallurgical waste heaps of the KCM non-ferrous metal smelter, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology, 47, 51-63. |
Canada | |
| Sabina, A.P. (1967) Rocks & minerals for the collector: Eastern Townships and Gaspé, Quebec and parts of New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 66-51: 117-118. |
| Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49. p.42 |
| Ann P.Sabina (2000), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Cobalt-Belleterre-Timmins, Ontario and Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 57, p.130 |
| SABINA, A.P. (2003): Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 91. |
| SABINA, A.P. (2003): Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 193. |
SABINA, A.P. (2003): Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 184. | |
| Sabina, A.P. (1992) Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Estrie and Gaspesie, Quebec; and Parts of New Brunswick. GSC Misc. Report 46, 38 p. |
China | |
| National Geological Archives of China database, record no. X00027405 |
| Antong Liu and Jingbo Li (2007): Shandong Land and Resources 23(1), 49-51 |
Costa Rica | |
| Ulloa, A., Gázquez, F., Sanz-Arranz, A., Medina, J., Rull, F., Calaforra, J.M., Alvarado, G.E., Martinez, M., Avard, G., de Moor, J., De Waele, J. (2018) Extremely high diversity of sulfate minerals in caves of the Irazú Volcano (Costa Rica) related to crater lake and fumarolic activity. International Journal of Speleology, 47(2), 229-246. |
Czech Republic | |
| Matýsek D., Jirásek J., Osovský M., Skupien P.. Minerals formed by the weathering of sulfides in mines of the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin. Mineralogical Magazine, 2014, 78, 5, 1265-1286. |
France | |
| http://www.mine-capgaronne.fr/site/Mineraux/ListeMineraux.html |
Germany | |
| Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German) |
| Schnorrer, G. (2000): Mineralogische Notizen VII. Der Aufschluss, 51, 281-293.; Lapis, 16 (12), 13-21+58. |
| Der Aufschluss 2000(2), 71-123 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001; Henrich, M. (2008): Neues von der Grube Eisenzecher Zug. Mineralien-Welt 19 (5), 16-25. |
| Henrich, M. (2009): Mineralien-Welt 20 (5), 14-27. |
| Lapis 1988(1), 16-35 |
| No reference listed |
| Weiss, S. (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas, Deutschland West. Weise Verlag, München, 320 pages. |
| Schnorrer, G., (1993): Mineralogische Notitzen VI, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 44, 44-58 |
| Gröbner, J., W. Hajek, R. Junker & J. Nikoleizig (2011). Neue Mineralienschätze des Harzes. S.71. Papierflieger-Verlag, Clausthal-Zellerfeld. |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64 |
Greece | |
| No reference listed |
| No reference listed |
No reference listed | |
No reference listed | |
Branko Rieck Collection | |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001 |
Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001; Sánoor Szakáll, Mária Foldvári, Gábor Papp, Péter Kovács-pálffy, Árpád Kovács (1997) Secondary Sulphate Minerals From Hungary. Acta Mineralogica-petrographica, Szeged, Xxxviii, Supplementum, 7-63. | |
| ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997; Sánoor Szakáll, Mária Foldvári, Gábor Papp, Péter Kovács-pálffy, Árpád Kovács (1997) Secondary Sulphate Minerals From Hungary. Acta Mineralogica-petrographica, Szeged, Xxxviii, Supplementum, 7-63. |
| Szakáll & Jánosi. Minerals of Hungary, 1995 |
| Sánoor Szakáll, Mária Foldvári, Gábor Papp, Péter Kovács-pálffy, Árpád Kovács (1997) Secondary Sulphate Minerals From Hungary. Acta Mineralogica-petrographica, Szeged, Xxxviii, Supplementum, 7-63. |
Sánoor Szakáll, Mária Foldvári, Gábor Papp, Péter Kovács-pálffy, Árpád Kovács (1997) Secondary Sulphate Minerals From Hungary. Acta Mineralogica-petrographica, Szeged, Xxxviii, Supplementum, 7-63. | |
Italy | |
| Carbone, C. , Marescotti, P., Cabella, R., Lucchetti, G. (2002): Sulfide alteration and related secondary minerals from the Libiola mine (Eastern Liguria, Italy). Poster at the 82° SIMP Congress , Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 18-20/09/2002. Abstract in Plinius 28 , 88-89. |
| De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol. |
| AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
| Bazzoni C. et al., 2003. Il "Filone di Boccheggiano": miniere e minerali. Riv. Miner. Ital., 1: 78-89 |
| Conticini F., Menchetti S., Sabelli C., Trosti-Ferroni R. (1980): Minerali di alterazione dei giacimenti a solfuri misti di Campiglia Marittima. Rend. Soc. Ital. Mineral. Petrol., 36, 295-308; Nannoni R., Pistolesi M., Rossi R. (2012): Miniere e minerali di Campiglia Marittima. La Bancarella Editrice, Piombino (Livorno), 162 pp.; Biagioni C., Orlandi P., Cerri M., Pistolesi M., Rapaccini S., Santucci A. (2013): Temperino e Lanzi. Le paragenesi secondarie dello skarn. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 37, 1 (1-2013), 40-55. Editrice, Piombino (Livorno), 162 pp. |
Conticini F., Menchetti S., Sabelli C., Trosti-Ferroni R. (1980): Minerali di alterazione dei giacimenti a solfuri misti di Campiglia Marittima. Rend. Soc. Ital. Mineral. Petrol., 36, 295-308; Nannoni R., Pistolesi M., Rossi R. (2012): Miniere e minerali di Campiglia Marittima. La Bancarella Editrice, Piombino (Livorno), 162 pp.; Biagioni C., Orlandi P., Cerri M., Pistolesi M., Rapaccini S., Santucci A. (2013): Temperino e Lanzi. Le paragenesi secondarie dello skarn. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 37, 1 (1-2013), 40-55. Editrice, Piombino (Livorno), 162 pp. | |
Japan | |
| Nambu et al (1979) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi (JAMP), 74, 406-412. |
Norway | |
| Ellingsen, R.(1989):" Funn av sjeldne sulfatmineraler i Kvinnherad". NAGS-nytt 16(1), 25-26; Raade, G. (1988): Om feilidentigfikasjoner ved røntgenbestemmelse av mineraler, og kontroll av filmer av sulfat-hydrater. Interne notater 1961-1990. Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum, UiO, Oslo, p.134-137 |
Peru | |
| Diaby, N., Dold, B., Buselli, E., & Vicetti, R. (2006). EFFECTS ON ELEMENT MOBILITY BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WETLAND ON THE MARINE SHORE PORPHYRY COPPER TAILINGS DEPOSIT, BAHÍA DE ITE, PERU. In 7th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD), March (pp. 26-30). |
Poland | |
| Cabała, J., & Bzowska, G. (2008). Sulphate speleothems in Pomorzany Zn–Pb ore mine, southern Poland. Kras i speleologia, 12(21), 59-76. |
Portugal | |
| Bobos, I.; Duraes, N.; Noronha, F. (2006): Mineralogy and geochemistry of mill tailings impoundments from Algares (Aljustrel), Portugal: Implications for acid sulfate mine waters formation. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 88, 1-5. |
| |
Romania | |
| Edited by Szakáll-Kristály(2010):Mineralogy of Székelyland,Eastern Transsylvania,Romania |
Ed.:Szakáll S.-Kristály F.2010:Mineralogy of Székelyland,Eastern Transylvania,Romania | |
Russia | |
| Alexander I. Tischenko (1996). Minerals of the Crimea. - World of stones, 1996, #9, p.9-18. |
| Geologiya SSSR. Poleznye iskopaemye (The geology of USSR. Commercial mineral) - Nedra (Moscou), 1974, vol. VIII, 205 p. |
| Zhdanov Yu.Ya., Solov'ev L.I. (1998): Geology and mineralogical composition of the oxidized zone in the Deputatsk tin ore deposit. Otechestvennaya Geol. (6), 77-79 (in Russian). |
| Eremin, O. V., Epova, E. S., Yurgenson, G. A., & Smirnova, O. K. (2014). Prognosis of Geoecological Consequences of Development of Deposits of the Bom-Gorkhon Tungsten Deposit (Transbaikalia). Chemistry for Sustainable Development, 22(2), 123-129. |
Slovenia (TL) | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 492; Canadian Mineralogist (1963): 7: 751. |
Spain | |
| Calvo, M. et al.(1999). Bocamina (4), 50-86 |
| Mata i Perelló, J.M. (1990): Els minerals de Catalunya. Institut d´Estudis Catalans |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 270. |
| Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer) |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 370. |
Ukraine | |
| Zanin, Y.N., Pisareva, G.M., Zamirailova, A.G., and Eder, V.G. (2009): Lithology and Mineral Resources 44(3), 267-269 |
USA | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.:69 |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 371; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 12: 256-319. | |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 371; Wenrich, K.J. & H.B. Sutphin (1988), Recognition of breccia pipes in northern Arizona, AZ Bur. Geol. Min. Tech. Fieldnotes: 18: 1-5, II. | |
| Ross, C.P. (1940a) Quicksilver deposits of the Mount Diablo region, Contra Costa County, California. USGS Bulletin 922-B, 54 pp.: 41, 42, 44; Pampeyan, Earl Haig (1963), Geology and mineral deposits of Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, California: California Division Mines & Geol., Special Report 80, 31 pp.: 24; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 337; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 270; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 492. |
| Majzlan, J., Alpers, C. N., Koch, C. B., McCleskey, R. B., Myneni, S. C., & Neil, J. M. (2011). Vibrational, X-ray absorption, and Mössbauer spectra of sulfate minerals from the weathered massive sulfide deposit at Iron Mountain, California. Chemical Geology, 284(3), 296-305. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| Erd, R. C. and S.S. Greenburg (1960) Minerals of Indiana. Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 18 73pp |
| Cerato, A.. 2003: Mineralogical Study of Davis Mine, Rowe, MA, Using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques |
| USGS Bull 997 |
| MinRec 16(1):25-31 |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| Jan H.Bernard and Jaroslav Hyrsl,2004,Minerals and their Localities,pg 550 |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| USGS: Geological Survey Circular 217 ; USGS TEI #514; Page, L. R.; Stocking, H. E.; Smith, H. B. (1956) Contributions to the geology of uranium and thorium by the United States Geological Survey and Atomic Energy Commission for the United Nations International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland, 1955. USGS Professional Paper 300 pp263-279 |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| Hammarstrom, J. M., Meier, A. L., Jackson, J. C., Barden, R., Wormington, P. J., Wormington, J. D., & Seal II, R. R. (2000). Characterization of mine waste at the Elizabeth copper mine, Orange County, Vermont. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-564, 74 p. |
| Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
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Campbell Mine, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA