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Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congoi
Regional Level Types
Lueshe MineMine
BwitoDistrict
Rutshuru TerritoryTerritory
North KivuProvince
DR CongoCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
0° 59' 9'' South , 29° 8' 27'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Age:
822 ± 120 Ma
Geologic Time:
Dating method:
Rb-Sr whole rock
Reference for age:
Kampunzu, A. B., Kramers, J. D., & Makutu, M. N. (1998). Rb Sr whole rock ages of the lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26(1), 29-36. doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00134-6
Mindat Locality ID:
4317
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:4317:8
GUID (UUID V4):
97492278-048d-46b9-9577-e665a300e282
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Lweshe mine


Lateritic niobium ore. Cancrinite syenite intruded by Nb-bearing calcite-carbonatite.

The Lueshe complex is emplaced in Precambrian quartzites and garnet, biotite and kyanite schists that are probably part of the Burundian Formation. The oval intrusion is about 2 x 3 km and consists of cancrinite syenites, carbonatites, minor pyroxenites and a fenite aureole along the eastern margin.

Pyrochlore concentrates occur in part of the weathered cover of the carbonatite and were mined for the production of niobium.

High apatite concentrations are also known (Verhaeghe, 1963).

The joint venture Société Minière de Lueshe (SOMINLU), founded by Somikubi and Union Carbide, was created in 1960 to prospect the site.

The mine was founded in the 1980s as a joint venture, Société Minière du Kivu (Somikivu), owned 70% by the Germany-based Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie (GfE), then a fully owned subsidiary of the New York based Metalurg Incorporated, 20% by the DRC government (known at that time as Zaire), and 10% by Société Minière et Industrielle du Kivu.

In 1993, GfM publicly declared force majeure and production was called off and blamed on the Rwandan Civil War.

The mine was closed in 1996, because of local unrest, but there are plans to reopen it (K.-H. Albers, pers. comm., 1999).

With operations stopped, the DRC government requested that operations be restarted several times, and eventually expropriated the mine in 1999.

In 2000, majority ownership of the mine was officially transferred to Krall Métal Congo, owned by the Austrian Michael Krall. However, de facto control of the mine was kept by a former executive of GfE, Karl Heinz Albers, who maintained friendly relations with the rebel Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) faction. Albers was accused by the UN panel of experts of being a front for financing RCD and its splinter group successor Rally for Congolese Democracy–Goma, with the mine protected by rebel soldiers. During the Second Congo War, Lueshe was the only operating industrial mine in the RCD's territory, producing 270 tons of semi processed niobium a month to sell to GfE. Between July 2000 and September 2004, when the mine was shuttered, the mine produced 3,365.1 tons of concentrate, which was exported to the world market via another company Albers managed, Niobium Mining Company (NMC) in Rwanda. While Albers' operations were initially financially successful and exempted from RCD taxes, financial difficulties such as requests for payments to RCD forced Albers to relinquish control of Somikivu in April 2004.

Somikivu was soon taken over by the Goma-based businessman Mode Makabuza, who became president of Somikivu's board. Operations had ceased, but the company continued to export about 20 tons of pyrochlore. As of 2006, GfE was undertaking negotiations to sell off its ownership in the Somikivu joint venture.

In December 2005, Laurent Nkunda's soldiers were pushed out of the Lueshe mine by ex-Mai Mai Colonel She Kasikila and his FARDC 5th brigade, who went about dismantling RCD control in the area, for the first time since 1998. The next year, in December 2006, Nkunda founded the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP). CNDP engaged in heavy combat against FARDC troops at Lueshe to take the mine, with Modeste Makabuza reportedly a significant financier of the CNDP.

In 2007, the Russian mellurgical firm Rosspetssplav announced the creation of Midural Inc, and claimed to have restarted niobium production in the Congo. From 2008 to September 2009, the mine was operated by Krall Métal Congo, but were ordered to close the mine due to the ownership dispute with Somikivu. Lueshe accounted for all the DRC's pyrochlore production in 2009, and Sominkivu exported all of this production to Russia.

In 2010 and 2011, the mine changed hands several times, with ex-National Congress for the Defence of the People FARDC soldiers (including Bosco Ntaganda) supporting Krall's claim fighting against other FARDC soldiers who supported Somikivu's. By 2014, MidUral had acquired a stake in Somikivu and appointed its manager Igor Yatsenko to head the Russian-German-Congolese joint venture, and expected production to resume in 2015. In September 2016, the DRC government decided to cancel Somikivu's mining license.

Bellingcat has raised questions about possible connections between wrangling over Lueshe and the presence of Georgian nationals who were aboard a FARDC Mil Mi-24 helicopter which crashed near Rutshuru in January 2017.

As of February 2022, the Hong-Kong based Ximei Resources was in discussions to take over operations at Lueshe.

In December 2022, the several DRC government officials claimed the recent massacre of civilians at Kishishe was carried out by the March 23 Movement and motivated by an attempt to secure access to pyrochlore at the Somikivu mine.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


45 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
References:
Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
'Alkali Feldspar'
References:
'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
References:
'Ancylite'
Ancylite-(Ce)
Formula: CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Baotite
Formula: Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
References:
Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Cancrinite
Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
References:
Celestine
Formula: SrSO4
Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
'Chlorite Group'
Columbite-(Fe)
Formula: Fe2+Nb2O6
Columbite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6
Crandallite
Formula: CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
References:
Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite
Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Eckermannite
Formula: NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
References:
Fayalite
Formula: Fe2+2SiO4
'Feldspar Group'
Fersmite
Formula: (Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
References:
Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
References:
Hydropyrochlore (TL)
Formula: (H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Type Locality:
Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
References:
Lueshite (TL)
Formula: NaNbO3
Type Locality:
References:
Magnesite
Formula: MgCO3
References:
Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
'Mica Group'
References:
Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
References:
Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Nacrite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
'Parisite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Parisite-(Ce)
Formula: CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
References:
'Pyrochlore Group var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Description: named as bariopyrochlore in Wall et al. (1997)
'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
References:
Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
Quartz
Formula: SiO2
References:
'Rhabdophane'
Rutile
Formula: TiO2
Rutile var. Ilmenorutile
Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2
Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
References:
'Sodic amphibole'
References:
'Sodic plagioclase'
References:
Staurolite
Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
Strontianite
Formula: SrCO3
Synchysite-(Ce)
Formula: CaCe(CO3)2F
'Synchysite Group'
Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
References:
Variscite
Formula: AlPO4 · 2H2O
Vermiculite
Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
References:
Vishnevite
Formula: (Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
References:
'Wad'
Wavellite
Formula: Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
References:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
'Pyrochlore Group
var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group'
4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Goethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
Lueshite (TL)4.CC.30NaNbO3
Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
var. Ilmenorutile4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
Columbite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Nb2O6
Columbite-(Fe)4.DB.35Fe2+Nb2O6
Fersmite4.DG.05(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
Hydropyrochlore (TL)4.DH.15(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Magnesite5.AB.05MgCO3
Dolomite
var. Iron-bearing Dolomite
5.AB.10Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Strontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
Parisite-(Ce)5.BD.20bCaCe2(CO3)3F2
Synchysite-(Ce)5.BD.20cCaCe(CO3)2F
Ancylite-(Ce)5.DC.05CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Celestine7.AD.35SrSO4
Jarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
Monazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
Crandallite8.BL.10CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Variscite8.CD.10AlPO4 · 2H2O
Wavellite8.DC.50Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
Fayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2SiO4
Forsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
Zircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
Kyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
Staurolite9.AF.30Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
Baotite9.CE.15Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Aegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
Eckermannite9.DE.25NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Montmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Vermiculite9.EC.50Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Nacrite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Microcline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Vishnevite9.FB.05(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Cancrinite9.FB.05(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Sodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Unclassified
'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
'Sodic amphibole'-
'Alkali Feldspar'-
'Synchysite Group'-
'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
'Parisite'-Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
'Ancylite'-
'Rhabdophane'-
'Mica Group'-
'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
'Wad'-
'Chlorite Group'-
'Feldspar Group'-
'Sodic plagioclase'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
H Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
H Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
H BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
H Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
H CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
H EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
H Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
H Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
H JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
H Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
H KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
H Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
H NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
H PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
H StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
H VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
H VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
H Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
H WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
H ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
H Pyrochlore Group var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
CCarbon
C Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
C CalciteCaCO3
C Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
C DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
C MagnesiteMgCO3
C Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
C StrontianiteSrCO3
C Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
C Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
C ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
C Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
OOxygen
O AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
O AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
O Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
O Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
O BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
O BaryteBaSO4
O BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
O CalciteCaCO3
O Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
O CelestineSrSO4
O CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
O DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
O EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
O FayaliteFe22+SiO4
O Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
O Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
O ForsteriteMg2SiO4
O Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
O HematiteFe2O3
O Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
O JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
O Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
O KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
O KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
O LueshiteNaNbO3
O MagnesiteMgCO3
O Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
O MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
O MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
O Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
O Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
O NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
O Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
O PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
O QuartzSiO2
O RutileTiO2
O SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
O StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
O StrontianiteSrCO3
O Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
O TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
O VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
O VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
O Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
O WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
O ZirconZr(SiO4)
O ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
O Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
O Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
O Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
O ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
O Pyrochlore Group var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
FFluorine
F Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
F BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
F Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
F Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
F Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
F WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
F ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
F ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Na AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Na AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Na Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Na EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Na Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
Na LueshiteNaNbO3
Na Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Na SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Na Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
MgMagnesium
Mg BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mg DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mg EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Mg ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Mg MagnesiteMgCO3
Mg Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Mg PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mg VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Mg Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
AlAluminium
Al AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Al Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Al BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Al Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Al CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Al EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Al KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Al KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Al MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Al Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Al NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Al PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Al StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Al VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Al VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Al Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Al WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
SiSilicon
Si AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Si AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Si Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Si BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Si BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Si Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Si EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Si FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Si ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Si KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Si KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Si MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Si Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Si NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Si PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si QuartzSiO2
Si SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Si StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Si TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Si VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Si Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Si ZirconZr(SiO4)
Si Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Si Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
P CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
P Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
P VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
P WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
P ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
S BaryteBaSO4
S Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
S CelestineSrSO4
S ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
S JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
S PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
S Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
ClChlorine
Cl Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Cl BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Cl SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Cl ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
K BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
K JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
K MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
K PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
CaCalcium
Ca CalciteCaCO3
Ca Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Ca CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Ca DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Ca Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
Ca Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Ca Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Ca Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Ca TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Ca ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Ca Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Ca ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Ti Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Ti BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Ti BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Ti Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
Ti Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Ti RutileTiO2
Ti TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
MnManganese
Mn Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
FeIron
Fe AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Fe BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fe ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Fe FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Fe Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Fe Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Fe HematiteFe2O3
Fe JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Fe MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Fe PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Fe StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Fe VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Fe Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
CuCopper
Cu ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
SrStrontium
Sr Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Sr CelestineSrSO4
Sr StrontianiteSrCO3
ZrZirconium
Zr ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nb BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Nb Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Nb Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
Nb Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Nb Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Nb LueshiteNaNbO3
Nb Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Nb Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nb Pyrochlore Group var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
BaBarium
Ba BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Ba BaryteBaSO4
LaLanthanum
La ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
CeCerium
Ce Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Ce Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
Ce Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Ce Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Ce Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Ce ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
NdNeodymium
Nd ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
TaTantalum
Ta Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
WTungsten
W BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Cambrian : 516 ± 26 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Paleozoic
  Cambrian
   Cambrian Series 2
ⓘ Biotite516 ± 26 Ma

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lueshe_mine
Wikidata ID:Q115862348

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Africa
African PlateTectonic Plate
DR Congo

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

 
矿物 and/or 产地  
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