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Waiotapu (Wai-O-Tapu), Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealandi
Regional Level Types
Waiotapu (Wai-O-Tapu)- not defined -
Rotorua DistrictDistrict
Bay of Plenty RegionRegion
New ZealandCountry

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Key
08882960014959872873739.jpg
Hot Spring

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
00616160014970548979132.jpg
Hot Springs Deposits

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
00698120014977314747920.jpg
Hot Springs Deposits

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
06780050014947324739117.jpg
Hot Spring

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
08980890014947324737548.jpg
Hot Springs Deposits

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
00746050014947324748033.jpg
Hot Springs Deposits

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
08882960014959872873739.jpg
Hot Spring

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
00616160014970548979132.jpg
Hot Springs Deposits

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
38° 21' 33'' South , 176° 22' 10'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-38.35944,176.36972
GeoHash:
G#: rcjmv2us0
GRN:
S26E100
Köppen climate type:
Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Reporoa595 (2017)8.9km
Rotorua65,901 (2017)26.8km
Murupara1,876 (2011)31.1km
Mamaku751 (2017)38.2km
Kawerau6,702 (2011)40.8km


Waiotapu is characterised by a large area of steaming ground and fumarolic activity associated with collapse craters, mud pools and alteration due to acid-sulfate fluids, which form above the water table.

This thermal activity has declined in the last 60 years but nevertheless is responsible for the noticeable variegated colours of rocks exposed there.
Springs discharging chloride waters lie at the water table and deposit siliceous sinter, but many are diluted by bicarbonate or sulfate waters.

The Champagne Pool is situated in the south-central part of the field and is the only feature from which undiluted chloride waters discharge. (GSNZ)

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Dana Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

26 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Alunite
Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Reference: Brian Jones and Robin W. Renaut Growth of siliceous spicules in acidic hot springs, Waiotapu geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand Palaios(October 2006), 21(5):406-423
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
trans.png
Clays

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
ⓘ 'Clays'
Reference: Rod Martin personal collection
ⓘ Cristobalite
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Gold
Formula: Au
Reference: Morris, N. (2005) Gold and Silver. Appleseed Editions Ltd, East Sussex; Pope, J. G., Brown, K. L., McConchie, D. M. (2005) Gold Concentrations in Springs at Waiotapu, New Zealand: Implications for Precious Metal Deposition in Geothermal Systems. Economic Geology. 100 (4): 677–87.
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Reference: Brian Jones and Robin W. Renaut Growth of siliceous spicules in acidic hot springs, Waiotapu geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand Palaios(October 2006), 21(5):406-423
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Reference: Pangilinan, Leticia S. (2005) Geochemical and Hydrological Assessment of Thermal Features in the Vicinity of the Champagne Pool in the Waiotapu Geothermal System. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Reference: Brian Jones and Robin W. Renaut Growth of siliceous spicules in acidic hot springs, Waiotapu geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand Palaios(October 2006), 21(5):406-423
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'
Formula: KAlSi3O8
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Laumontite
Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Mercury
Formula: Hg
Reference: Morris, N. (2005) Gold and Silver. Appleseed Editions Ltd, East Sussex.
ⓘ Mordenite
Formula: (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Natroalunite
Formula: NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Reference: Pangilinan, Leticia S. (2005) Geochemical and Hydrological Assessment of Thermal Features in the Vicinity of the Champagne Pool in the Waiotapu Geothermal System. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.
ⓘ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Brian Jones and Robin W. Renaut Growth of siliceous spicules in acidic hot springs, Waiotapu geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand Palaios(October 2006), 21(5):406-423
ⓘ Orpiment
Formula: As2S3
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagne_Pool
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
trans.png
Quartz

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Silver
Formula: Ag
Reference: Morris, N. (2005) Gold and Silver. Appleseed Editions Ltd, East Sussex.
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Stibnite
Formula: Sb2S3
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagne_Pool
trans.png
Sulphur

Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
ⓘ Sulphur
Formula: S8
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
ⓘ Wairakite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘGold1.AA.05Au
ⓘMercury1.AD.05Hg
ⓘSilver1.AA.05Ag
ⓘSulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘOrpiment2.FA.30As2S3
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘStibnite2.DB.05Sb2S3
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘCristobalite4.DA.15SiO2
ⓘOpal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAlunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘNatroalunite7.BC.10NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘLaumontite9.GB.10CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
ⓘMordenite9.GD.35(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘWairakite9.GB.05Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Clays'-
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'var. Adularia'-KAlSi3O8

List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification

Group 1 - NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
Metals, other than the Platinum Group
ⓘGold1.1.1.1Au
ⓘMercury1.1.7.1Hg
ⓘSilver1.1.1.2Ag
Semi-metals and non-metals
ⓘSulphur1.3.5.1S8
Group 2 - SULFIDES
AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
ⓘGalena2.8.1.1PbS
ⓘPyrrhotite2.8.10.1Fe1-xS
ⓘSphalerite2.8.2.1ZnS
AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
ⓘOrpiment2.11.1.1As2S3
ⓘStibnite2.11.2.1Sb2S3
AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
ⓘPyrite2.12.1.1FeS2
Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
A(XO3)
ⓘCalcite14.1.1.1CaCO3
Group 28 - ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
AXO4
ⓘBaryte28.3.1.1BaSO4
Group 29 - HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
AXO4·xH2O
ⓘGypsum29.6.3.1CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 30 - ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
(AB)2(XO4)Zq
ⓘAlunite30.2.4.1KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘJarosite30.2.5.1KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 52 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination
ⓘTitanite52.4.3.1CaTi(SiO4)O
Group 58 - SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
ⓘEpidote58.2.1a.7{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks
Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si
ⓘCristobalite75.1.1.1SiO2
ⓘQuartz75.1.3.1SiO2
Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with H2O and organics
ⓘOpal75.2.1.1SiO2 · nH2O
Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks
ⓘAlbite76.1.3.1Na(AlSi3O8)
Group 77 - TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
Zeolite group - True zeolites
ⓘLaumontite77.1.1.4CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
ⓘMordenite77.1.6.1(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
ⓘWairakite77.1.1.3Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc.
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Clays'-
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'var. Adularia'-KAlSi3O8
ⓘKaolinite-Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘNatroalunite-NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Hⓘ WairakiteCa(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Hⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Hⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Hⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Oⓘ WairakiteCa(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Oⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Oⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ CristobaliteSiO2
Oⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Naⓘ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Alⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Alⓘ WairakiteCa(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Alⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Alⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Alⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
SiSilicon
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Siⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Siⓘ WairakiteCa(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Siⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Siⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ CristobaliteSiO2
Siⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
SSulfur
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ SulphurS8
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ OrpimentAs2S3
Sⓘ StibniteSb2S3
Sⓘ JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
KPotassium
Kⓘ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Kⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Kⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
CaCalcium
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Caⓘ WairakiteCa(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Caⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Caⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
FeIron
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ OrpimentAs2S3
AgSilver
Agⓘ SilverAg
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ StibniteSb2S3
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
AuGold
Auⓘ GoldAu
HgMercury
Hgⓘ MercuryHg
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

References

Sort by

Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)
Economic Geology (1985) 80: 1640-1668.
Pangilinan, Leticia S. (2005) Geochemical and Hydrological Assessment of Thermal Features in the Vicinity of the Champagne Pool in the Waiotapu Geothermal System. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.

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