Waiotapu (Wai-O-Tapu), Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealandi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Waiotapu (Wai-O-Tapu) | - not defined - |
| Rotorua District | District |
| Bay of Plenty Region | Region |
| New Zealand | Country |
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Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
38° 21' 33'' South , 176° 22' 10'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Köppen climate type:
Waiotapu is characterised by a large area of steaming ground and fumarolic activity associated with collapse craters, mud pools and alteration due to acid-sulfate fluids, which form above the water table.
This thermal activity has declined in the last 60 years but nevertheless is responsible for the noticeable variegated colours of rocks exposed there.
Springs discharging chloride waters lie at the water table and deposit siliceous sinter, but many are diluted by bicarbonate or sulfate waters.
The Champagne Pool is situated in the south-central part of the field and is the only feature from which undiluted chloride waters discharge. (GSNZ)
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities26 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Alunite Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Reference: Brian Jones and Robin W. Renaut Growth of siliceous spicules in acidic hot springs, Waiotapu geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand Palaios(October 2006), 21(5):406-423 |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ 'Clays' Reference: Rod Martin personal collection |
| ⓘ Cristobalite Formula: SiO2 Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Gold Formula: Au Reference: Morris, N. (2005) Gold and Silver. Appleseed Editions Ltd, East Sussex;
Pope, J. G., Brown, K. L., McConchie, D. M. (2005) Gold Concentrations in Springs at Waiotapu, New Zealand: Implications for Precious Metal Deposition in Geothermal Systems. Economic Geology. 100 (4): 677–87. |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Localities: Reference: Brian Jones and Robin W. Renaut Growth of siliceous spicules in acidic hot springs, Waiotapu geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand Palaios(October 2006), 21(5):406-423 |
| ⓘ Jarosite Formula: KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 Reference: Pangilinan, Leticia S. (2005) Geochemical and Hydrological Assessment of Thermal Features in the Vicinity of the Champagne Pool in the Waiotapu Geothermal System. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005. |
| ⓘ Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Reference: Brian Jones and Robin W. Renaut Growth of siliceous spicules in acidic hot springs, Waiotapu geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand Palaios(October 2006), 21(5):406-423 |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar var: Adularia' Formula: KAlSi3O8 Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Laumontite Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Mercury Formula: Hg Reference: Morris, N. (2005) Gold and Silver. Appleseed Editions Ltd, East Sussex. |
| ⓘ Mordenite Formula: (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Natroalunite Formula: NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Reference: Pangilinan, Leticia S. (2005) Geochemical and Hydrological Assessment of Thermal Features in the Vicinity of the Champagne Pool in the Waiotapu Geothermal System. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005. |
| ⓘ Opal Formula: SiO2 · nH2O Reference: Brian Jones and Robin W. Renaut Growth of siliceous spicules in acidic hot springs, Waiotapu geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand Palaios(October 2006), 21(5):406-423 |
| ⓘ Orpiment Formula: As2S3 Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagne_Pool |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe7S8 Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Silver Formula: Ag Reference: Morris, N. (2005) Gold and Silver. Appleseed Editions Ltd, East Sussex. |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Stibnite Formula: Sb2S3 Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagne_Pool |
| ⓘ Sulphur Formula: S8 Localities: Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
| ⓘ Wairakite Formula: Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668 |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| ⓘ | Mercury | 1.AD.05 | Hg |
| ⓘ | Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| ⓘ | Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Orpiment | 2.FA.30 | As2S3 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe7S8 |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Stibnite | 2.DB.05 | Sb2S3 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Cristobalite | 4.DA.15 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Alunite | 7.BC.10 | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Jarosite | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Natroalunite | 7.BC.10 | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Mordenite | 9.GD.35 | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Wairakite | 9.GB.05 | Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Clays' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'var: Adularia' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
| Group 1 - NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Metals, other than the Platinum Group | |||
| ⓘ | Gold | 1.1.1.1 | Au |
| ⓘ | Mercury | 1.1.7.1 | Hg |
| ⓘ | Silver | 1.1.1.2 | Ag |
| Semi-metals and non-metals | |||
| ⓘ | Sulphur | 1.3.5.1 | S8 |
| Group 2 - SULFIDES | |||
| AmXp, with m:p = 1:1 | |||
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.8.1.1 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.8.10.1 | Fe7S8 |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.8.2.1 | ZnS |
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3 | |||
| ⓘ | Orpiment | 2.11.1.1 | As2S3 |
| ⓘ | Stibnite | 2.11.2.1 | Sb2S3 |
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2 | |||
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.12.1.1 | FeS2 |
| Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES | |||
| A(XO3) | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 14.1.1.1 | CaCO3 |
| Group 28 - ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
| AXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 28.3.1.1 | BaSO4 |
| Group 29 - HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
| AXO4·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 29.6.3.1 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Group 30 - ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| (AB)2(XO4)Zq | |||
| ⓘ | Alunite | 30.2.4.1 | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Jarosite | 30.2.5.1 | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Group 52 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O | |||
| Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Titanite | 52.4.3.1 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Group 58 - SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups | |||
| Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2) | |||
| ⓘ | Epidote | 58.2.1a.7 | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks | |||
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si | |||
| ⓘ | Cristobalite | 75.1.1.1 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 75.1.3.1 | SiO2 |
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with H2O and organics | |||
| ⓘ | Opal | 75.2.1.1 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework | |||
| Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks | |||
| ⓘ | Albite | 76.1.3.1 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Group 77 - TECTOSILICATES Zeolites | |||
| Zeolite group - True zeolites | |||
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 77.1.1.4 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Mordenite | 77.1.6.1 | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| ⓘ | Wairakite | 77.1.1.3 | Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Clays' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'var: Adularia' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | - | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Natroalunite | - | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Wairakite | Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| H | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Natroalunite | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ K Feldspar (var: Adularia) | KAlSi3O8 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Wairakite | Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Cristobalite | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Natroalunite | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Natroalunite | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ K Feldspar (var: Adularia) | KAlSi3O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Wairakite | Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Natroalunite | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ K Feldspar (var: Adularia) | KAlSi3O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Wairakite | Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Cristobalite | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe7S8 |
| S | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Sulphur | S8 |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Orpiment | As2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Natroalunite | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ K Feldspar (var: Adularia) | KAlSi3O8 |
| K | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| K | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Wairakite | Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe7S8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Orpiment | As2S3 |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Silver | Ag |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
| Hg | Mercury | |
| Hg | ⓘ Mercury | Hg |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Economic Geology (1985) 80: 1640-1668.
Pangilinan, Leticia S. (2005) Geochemical and Hydrological Assessment of Thermal Features in the Vicinity of the Champagne Pool in the Waiotapu Geothermal System. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.
External Links
http://www.waiotapu.co.nz/
http://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2005/0822.pdf
http://cdn.onlinehosting.co.nz/~gsnz/file_downloads/fieldtrip/MP117B_FT2.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiotapu
http://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2005/0822.pdf
http://cdn.onlinehosting.co.nz/~gsnz/file_downloads/fieldtrip/MP117B_FT2.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiotapu
Localities in this Region
- Bay of Plenty Region
- Rotorua District
- Waiotapu (Wai-O-Tapu)
- Rotorua District
Other Regions, Features and Areas containg this locality
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Waiotapu, Rotorua District, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand