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Karoo basin, African Platei
Regional Level Types
Karoo basinBasin
African PlateTectonic Plate

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PhotosSearch
03237280014977358243993.jpg
Slimes dam of Lace diamond mine

Crown Mine, Kroonstad, Moqhaka Local Municipality, Fezile Dabi District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
06332160016554628572755.jpg
Griekwastad

Griekwastad, Siyancuma, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
09513980016354501005699.jpg
View of the Nigel gold mining area, in 1905.

Nigel Gold Mine, Nigel, City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa
05682130014947255237221.jpg
Slimes dam of Lace diamond mine

Crown Mine, Kroonstad, Moqhaka Local Municipality, Fezile Dabi District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
08376360016554546704892.jpg
Griekwastad

Griekwastad, Siyancuma, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
03109260016142650906258.jpg
View of the Nigel gold mining area, in 1905.

Nigel Gold Mine, Nigel, City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa
03237280014977358243993.jpg
Slimes dam of Lace diamond mine

Crown Mine, Kroonstad, Moqhaka Local Municipality, Fezile Dabi District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
06332160016554628572755.jpg
Griekwastad

Griekwastad, Siyancuma, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
Locality type:
Basin
Largest Settlements:
PlacePopulation
Pietermaritzburg750,845 (2012)
East London478,676 (2012)
Vereeniging474,681 (2012)
Bloemfontein463,064 (2016)
Welkom431,944 (2013)
Newcastle404,838 (2012)


No description has been added for this locality. Can you add one?

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

266 valid minerals. 10 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Abernathyite
Formula: K(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa, pg 180
ⓘ Acanthite
Formula: Ag2S
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa, page 154
ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
Reference: Verwoerd W,J. Weder E,E,W., and Harmer, R.E., (1993) The Stukpan carbonatite in the Orange Free State Goldfield. S. Afr J. Geol., 96 (3), 108-118
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
Reference: Clarke, D. B., & MacKay, R. M. (1990). An ilmenite-garnet-clinopyroxene nodule from Matsoku: evidence for oxide—rich liquid immiscibility in kimberlites. Canadian Mineralogist, 28, 229-239.
ⓘ Alabandite
Formula: MnS
Reference: Mason, B. H. (1966). The Enstatite Chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 30, 23-30. (Jan 1966)
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Allanite-(La)
Formula: {CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Alunite
Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Amblygonite
Formula: LiAl(PO4)F
Reference: Gauert C, MacDonald N, Roelofse F (2014) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the spodumene-bearing Noumas I pegmatite, Northern Cape, South Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 266
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ Anatase
Formula: TiO2
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Andalusite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa, page 183
ⓘ Andalusite var. Chiastolite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa, page 183
ⓘ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130.
ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130.
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Antigorite

Klipkalk, Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Antigorite
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Apatite, etc.

Jakkalswater, Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: Jeffery, D. G. (2015). Structural discontinuties in the Witwatersrand group on the ERPM mine their geology, geochemistry and rock mechanics behaviour (Doctoral dissertation).
ⓘ Aphthitalite
Formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
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Apophyllite Group

Letseng Diamond Mine, Mokhotlong District, Lesotho
ⓘ 'Apophyllite Group'
Formula: AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
Reference: Bruce Cairncross photo ID 728843
ⓘ Aragonite
Formula: CaCO3
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
Reference: Econ Geol (1985) 80:256-269
ⓘ Arsenuranylite
Formula: Ca(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 6H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite
Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ Auricupride ?
Formula: Cu3Au
Reference: extraLapis no. 2, Gold, 43
ⓘ Aurihydrargyrumite
Formula: Au6Hg5
Reference: Vandenbroucke Museum Waregem Belgium EDS/SEM analysis.
ⓘ Autunite
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Baddeleyite
Formula: ZrO2
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
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Baryte

Salpeterkop Mountain, Sutherland, Karoo Hoogland, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Reference: International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140
ⓘ Bertrandite
Formula: Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: 188.
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Bismoclite (TL)
Formula: BiOCl
Type Locality:
Reference: Mineralogical Magazine (1935): 24: 59-62; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 61.
ⓘ Bismuth
Formula: Bi
Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: 148.
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Bismuthinite

Witkop pegmatite, Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
ⓘ Bismutite
Formula: (BiO)2CO3
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 61; Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Boltwoodite

Beaufort West, Beaufort West Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Boltwoodite
Formula: (K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
Reference: Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
ⓘ Bradleyite
Formula: Na3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Braggite
Formula: PdPt3S4
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa
ⓘ Braunite
Formula: Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Bridgmanite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Brookite
Formula: TiO2
Reference: Journal of African Earth Sciences Volume 21, Issue 1, July 1995, Pages 171-186
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Calcite, etc.

Welkom Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Localities: Reported from at least 29 localities in this region.
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Calcite var. Glendonite
Formula: CaCO3
Reference: South African Journal of Geology Date: September 1, 2001 p265
ⓘ Calcite var. Iceland Spar
Formula: CaCO3
Reference: Cole, D. I. (2013) The Metallogeny Of The Calvinia Area. Council for Geoscience, South Africa
ⓘ Calzirtite
Formula: Ca2Zr5Ti2O16
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ Carnotite
Formula: K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Catapleiite
Formula: Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Cebollite
Formula: Ca5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4
Description: In zeolitized plagioclase-rich gneiss, amphibolite, and basalt xenoliths in kimberlite. Pectolite
Reference: Mineralogical Magazine (1980), 43, 583-586; Dana VIII; F. J. Kruger (1982) The Occurrence of Cebollite in Kimberlite and Included Zeolitized Crustal Xenoliths—A Correction and Discussion of the Occurrence of Pectolite. Mineralogical Magazine 46:274-275.
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Cerussite

Kindergoed Farm, Carolina, Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality, Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa
ⓘ Cerussite
Formula: PbCO3
Habit: Complexly twinned.
Description: Mainly micro crystals found but occasionally thumbnails.
Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: 103.
ⓘ 'Chabazite'
Reference: Tschernich, Rudy W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Inc, Phoenix, Arizona, 563 pgs.
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
Reference: Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Desborough, G.A., Czamanske, G.K. (1973): Sulfides in eclogite nodules from a kimberlite pipe, South Africa, with comments on violarite stoichiometry. American Mineralogist: 58: 195-202 Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Chlorargyrite
Formula: AgCl
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa 154.
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
Reference: Jeffery, D. G. (2015). Structural discontinuties in the Witwatersrand group on the ERPM mine their geology, geochemistry and rock mechanics behaviour (Doctoral dissertation).
ⓘ Chloritoid
Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
Reference: Jeffery, D. G. (2015). Structural discontinuties in the Witwatersrand group on the ERPM mine their geology, geochemistry and rock mechanics behaviour (Doctoral dissertation).
ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Chrysoberyl
Formula: BeAl2O4
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Clausthalite
Formula: PbSe
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Reference: Mahumapelo, N. P., & Magaseng, C. (2014). Beneficiation of marble from Griekwastad, Northern Cape Province. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 114(11), 951-955.
ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite
Formula: (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Reference: Henning, A., van der Westhuizen, W.A., de Bruiyn, H., and Beukes, G.J. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 410-418.
ⓘ Clinoferrosilite
Formula: Fe2+SiO3
Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa, page 198
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Clinopyroxene Subgroup, etc.

Rovic Mine, Boshof, Tokologo Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Coesite
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Coffinite
Formula: U(SiO4) · nH2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Econ Geol (1985) 80:256-269
ⓘ Cohenite
Formula: Fe3C
Reference: Buchwald, Vagn F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press, 1418 pp.
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Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series

Jakkalswater, Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite'
Reference: Gauert C, MacDonald N, Roelofse F (2014) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the spodumene-bearing Noumas I pegmatite, Northern Cape, South Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 266
ⓘ Cooperite
Formula: PtS
Reference: http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
ⓘ Copiapite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Copper
Formula: Cu
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Reference: Hokada, T., Motoyoshi, Y., Hiroi, Y., Shimura, T., Yuhara, M., Shiraishi, K., ... & Knoper, M. W. (2001). Petrography and mineral chemistry of high-grade pelitic gneisses and related rocks from Namaqualand, South Africa. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue, 55, 105-126.
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Corundum

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Corundum
Formula: Al2O3
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
Reference: Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
ⓘ Crichtonite
Formula: Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ Crocoite
Formula: PbCr6+O4
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Crowningshieldite (TL)
Formula: (Ni0.9Fe0.10)S
Type Locality:
Reference: Smith, E.M., Nestola, F., Pasqualetto, L., Zorzi, F., Secco, L., Wang, W. (2021) The new mineral crowningshieldite: A high-temperature NiS polymorph found in a type IIa diamond from the Letseng mine, Lesotho. American Mineralogist: 106: 301–308.; Smith, E.M., Nestola, F., Pasqualetto, L., Zorzi, F., Secco, L. and Wang, W. (2018) Crowningshieldite, IMA 2018-072. CNMNC Newsletter No. 45, October 2018, page xxx; Mineralogical Magazine, 82, xxx-xxx.
ⓘ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
ⓘ Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Curite
Formula: Pb3(H2O)2[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Daubréelite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2S4
Reference: Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ Descloizite
Formula: PbZn(VO4)(OH)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Diamond

Star Mine, Theunissen kimberlite field, Theunissen, Masilonyana Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Diamond
Formula: C
Localities: Reported from at least 32 localities in this region.
Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa, pg 39;
ⓘ Digenite
Formula: Cu9S5
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123. Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside
Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ Dioptase
Formula: CuSiO3 · H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa, pg 202;
ⓘ Djerfisherite (TL)
Formula: K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl
Type Locality:
Reference: Fuchs, L.H. (1966) Djerfisherite, alkali copper–iron sulfide: a new mineral from enstatite chondrites. Science: 153: 166–167.; Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Daltry, V.D.C., (1997) Mineralogy of South Africa: Type-Mineral Species and Type-Mineral Names, Council For Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa, Handbook 15.
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Eitelite
Formula: Na2Mg(CO3)2
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Elbaite
Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Enstatite
Formula: Mg2Si2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite
Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Reference: American Mineralogist (1968): 53: 1833-1840.
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Epidote

Free State Geduld Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Reference: Jeffery, D. G. (2015). Structural discontinuties in the Witwatersrand group on the ERPM mine their geology, geochemistry and rock mechanics behaviour (Doctoral dissertation).
ⓘ Epistilbite
Formula: CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Erlichmanite
Formula: OsS2
Reference: http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
ⓘ Eucryptite
Formula: LiAlSiO4
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Eudialyte
Formula: Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Reference: Journal of African Earth Sciences Volume 21, Issue 1, July 1995, Pages 171-186
ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)
Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Faheyite
Formula: Be2Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)4 · 6H2O
Reference: O. von Knorring: "Some mineralogical, geochemical and economic aspects of lithium pegmatites from the Karibib-Cape-Cross pegmatite field in South West Africa/Namibia", Commun. Geol. Surv. SW Africa/Namibia 1:79-84 (1985)
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
Localities: Reported from at least 21 localities in this region.
Reference: Field, M., Stiefenhofer, J., Robey, J., and Kurszlaukis, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 33-75.
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Description: Prior's 'Feldspar' is most likely to be albitic plagioclase.
Reference: Prior (1926) Three South African Meteorites: Vaalbult, Witklip, and Queens Mercy: Mineralogical Magazine 21(115): 188-193. (Dec 1926).
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
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Fluorapatite

Jakkalswater, Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
Reference: Lightfoot, P.C., Naldrett, A.J., and Hawkesworth, C.J. (1984) The geology and geochemistry of the Waterfall Gorge section of the Insizwa complex with particular reference to the origin of nickel sulfide deposits. Economic Geology: 79: 1857-1879.
ⓘ Freudenbergite
Formula: Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Freudenbergite var. Ferrous freudenbergite
Formula: Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Reference: Patchen, A. D., Taylor, L. A., & Pokhilenko, N. (1997). Ferrous freudenbergite in ilmenite megacrysts: A unique paragenesis from the Dalnaya kimberlite, Yakutia. American Mineralogist, 82(9), 991-1000.
ⓘ Froodite
Formula: α-PdBi2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
Reference: Rock H. Currier collection
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Garnet Group, etc.

Letseng Diamond Mine, Mokhotlong District, Lesotho
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
Localities: Reported from at least 19 localities in this region.
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123. Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Gedrite
Formula: ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Reference: Contrib Mineral Petrol (1985) 91 : 369 382
ⓘ Gersdorffite
Formula: NiAsS
Reference: Henning, A., van der Westhuizen, W.A., de Bruiyn, H., and Beukes, G.J. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 410-418.
ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite
Formula: (Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Reference: Henning, A., van der Westhuizen, W.A., de Bruiyn, H., and Beukes, G.J. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 410-418.
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Gismondine, etc.

Leach and Brown Quarry, Durban Townlands, Ladysmith, Uthukela District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
ⓘ 'Gismondine'
Reference: Tschernich, Rudy W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Inc, Phoenix, Arizona, 563 pgs.
ⓘ 'Glass'
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ 'Glauconite'
Formula: (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Description: Green inter-granular fillings in sandstone & shale directly above the coal seams.
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa
ⓘ 'Gmelinite'
Reference: Tschernich, Rudy W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Inc, Phoenix, Arizona, 563 pgs.
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
Reference: Journal of African Earth Sciences Volume 21, Issue 1, July 1995, Pages 171-186
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Gold

Van Dyk Mine, Boksburg, City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa
ⓘ Gold
Formula: Au
Localities: Reported from at least 54 localities in this region.
Reference: Metal Mining Mining Geology, A.I.M.E. (1937): 304.
ⓘ Gold var. Electrum
Formula: (Au,Ag)
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Goldschmidtite (TL)
Formula: KNbO3
Type Locality:
Reference: Meyer, N.A., Wenz, M.D., Walsh, J.P.S., Jacobsen, S.D., Locock, A.J., Harris, J.W. (2019) Goldschmidtite, (K,REE,Sr)(Nb,Cr)O3: A new perovskite supergroup mineral found in diamond from Koffiefontein, South Africa. American Mineralogist: 104(9): 1345-1350. Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Gonnardite
Formula: (Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O
Reference: Tschernich, 1992. Zeolites of the World, p.223.
ⓘ Grandidierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2
Reference: Hokada, T., Motoyoshi, Y., Hiroi, Y., Shimura, T., Yuhara, M., Shiraishi, K., ... & Knoper, M. W. (2001). Petrography and mineral chemistry of high-grade pelitic gneisses and related rocks from Namaqualand, South Africa. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue, 55, 105-126.
ⓘ Graphite
Formula: C
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
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Grossular, etc.

Rovic Mine, Boshof, Tokologo Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Grossular
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
Reference: Tony Peterson specimen
ⓘ 'Gummite'
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Reference: International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Heazlewoodite
Formula: Ni3S2
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Reference: Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals Of Southern Africa. 130
ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite
Formula: Fe2O3
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa 154.
ⓘ Hercynite
Formula: Fe2+Al2O4
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite
Formula: (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
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Heulandite

Sentinel, Uthukela District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
ⓘ 'Heulandite'
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa 244.
ⓘ Hexahydrite
Formula: MgSO4 · 6H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ 'Högbomite'
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ 'Hornblende'
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ Hydronováčekite
Formula: Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Ilmenite, etc.

Boshof, Tokologo Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Ilsemannite
Formula: Mo3O8 · nH2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Insizwaite (TL)
Formula: Pt(Bi,Sb)2
Type Locality:
Reference: Cabri, L.J., Harris, D.C. (1972) The new mineral insizwaite (PtBi2) and new data on niggliite (PtSn). Mineralogical Magazine: 38: 794-800.
ⓘ Irarsite
Formula: (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
ⓘ Iridium
Formula: (Ir,Os,Ru)
Reference: Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
ⓘ Iridium var. Osmiridium
Formula: (Ir,Os,Ru)
Reference: Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
ⓘ Iriginite
Formula: (UO2)Mo2O7 · 3H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Iron
Formula: Fe
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Description: Numerous Neumann bands are present.
Reference: Stanley, G. H. (1914). On a meteorite from NKandhla District, Zululand. South African Journal of Science 10: 105-113, w. 4 pics.; Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Description: Numerous Neumann bands are present.
Reference: Stanley, G. H. (1914). On a meteorite from NKandhla District, Zululand. South African Journal of Science 10: 105-113, w. 4 pics.; Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ Iron var. Martensite
Formula: Fe
Reference: Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ Isocubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
Reference: Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages.
ⓘ Isoferroplatinum
Formula: Pt3Fe
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Cabrii, L. J., & Feather, C. E. (1975). Platinum-Iron Alloys: A Nomenclature Based on a Study of Natural and Synthetic Alloys. Canadian Mineralogist, 13, 117-126.
ⓘ Jordisite
Formula: MoS2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Kalsilite
Formula: KAlSiO4
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Reference: Henning, A., van der Westhuizen, W.A., de Bruiyn, H., and Beukes, G.J. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 410-418.
ⓘ Kassite
Formula: CaTi2O4(OH)2
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
Formula: KAlSi3O8
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Khibinskite
Formula: K2ZrSi2O7
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Knorringite (TL)
Formula: Mg3Cr2(SiO4)3
Type Locality:
Reference: AmMin 53 (1968), 1833-1840
ⓘ Kornerupine
Formula: Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
Reference: Hokada, T., Motoyoshi, Y., Hiroi, Y., Shimura, T., Yuhara, M., Shiraishi, K., ... & Knoper, M. W. (2001). Petrography and mineral chemistry of high-grade pelitic gneisses and related rocks from Namaqualand, South Africa. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue, 55, 105-126.
ⓘ Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Reference: Field, M., Stiefenhofer, J., Robey, J., and Kurszlaukis, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 33-75.
ⓘ Lakargiite ?
Formula: Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Laumontite
Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Laurite
Formula: RuS2
Reference: http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
ⓘ 'Lead-parkerite'
Formula: Ni3Pb2S2
Reference: Du Preez, J.W. (1944) Ann. Univ. Stellenbosch, 22, sect. A, p. 101.
ⓘ 'Lepidolite'
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Letovicite
Formula: (NH4)3H(SO4)2
Reference: International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140
ⓘ 'Leucoxene'
Reference: Jeffery, D. G. (2015). Structural discontinuties in the Witwatersrand group on the ERPM mine their geology, geochemistry and rock mechanics behaviour (Doctoral dissertation).
ⓘ Libethenite
Formula: Cu2(PO4)(OH)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ 'Limonite'
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Lithiophilite
Formula: LiMn2+PO4
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Lizardite
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Reference: Mahumapelo, N. P., & Magaseng, C. (2014). Beneficiation of marble from Griekwastad, Northern Cape Province. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 114(11), 951-955.
ⓘ Löllingite
Formula: FeAs2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Mackinawite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)9S8
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages.
ⓘ Magnesite
Formula: MgCO3
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Magnetite

Teutfontein Farm, Lothair, Msukaligwa Local Municipality, Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ Majorite
Formula: Mg3(MgSi)(SiO4)3
Reference: Field, M., Stiefenhofer, J., Robey, J., and Kurszlaukis, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 33-75.
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Mannardite
Formula: Ba(Ti4+6V3+2)O16
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa; Roger H. Mitchell and Henry O. A. Meyer (1989) Niobian K-Ba-V Titanates from Micaceous Kimberlite, Star Mine, Orange Free State, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine 53: 451-456
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Marcasite

Kleinkopje Colliery, Witbank coalfield, eMalahleni, Emalahleni Local Municipality, Nkangala District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Margarite
Formula: CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:909-918.
ⓘ Mascagnite
Formula: (NH4)2SO4
Reference: International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140
ⓘ 'Maskelynite'
Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130.
ⓘ Massicot
Formula: PbO
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Meionite
Formula: Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ Mesolite
Formula: Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Reference: Tschernich, Rudy W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Inc, Phoenix, Arizona, 563 pgs.
ⓘ Meta-autunite
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Metakahlerite
Formula: Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Metatorbernite
Formula: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Metauranospinite
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Metazeunerite

Rietkuil, Beaufort West, Beaufort West Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Metazeunerite
Formula: Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Meteoritic Iron

Deelfontein meteorite, Emthanjeni, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ 'Meteoritic Iron'
Reference: http://meteoriticalsociety.org/
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Reference: Bangert, B., & Von Brunn, V. (2001). Tuffaceous beds in glaciogenic argillites of the late Palaeozoic Dwyka Group of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 32(1), 133-140.
ⓘ 'Microlite Group'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Millerite
Formula: NiS
Reference: Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
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Modderite

Modderfontein 'B' gold mine, Springs, City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa
ⓘ Modderite (TL)
Formula: (Co,Fe)As
Reference: Chem.Metall.Min.Soc.S.Africa,(1924) 24, 265
ⓘ Moissanite
Formula: SiC
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ 'Monazite'
Formula: REE(PO4)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Mordenite
Formula: (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Mullite
Formula: Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 21 localities in this region.
Reference: International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140
ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite
Formula: K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa, pg 210
ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite
Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Reference: International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Jeffery, D. G. (2015). Structural discontinuties in the Witwatersrand group on the ERPM mine their geology, geochemistry and rock mechanics behaviour (Doctoral dissertation).
ⓘ Nahpoite
Formula: Na2(PO3OH)
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
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Natrolite

Free State Geduld Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Natrolite
Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Reference: Cairncross photo ID 729111
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ Nickeline
Formula: NiAs
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Niggliite (TL)
Formula: PtSn
Type Locality:
Reference: Scholtz, D.L. (1936) The magmatic nickelferous ore deposits of East Griqualand and Pondoland. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa: 39: 184-186.
ⓘ Niningerite
Formula: (Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Niter

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Niter
Formula: KNO3
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 304.
ⓘ Oldhamite
Formula: (Ca,Mg)S
Reference: Mason, B. H. (1966). The Enstatite Chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 30, 23-30. (Jan 1966)
ⓘ 'Olivine Group'
Formula: M2SiO4
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Omphacite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Eriksson, P.G. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 419-422.
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Paul MPB Meulenbeld collection photo-773731
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Osumilite-(Mg)
Formula: KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Reference: Nowicki, T. E., Frimmel, H. E., and Waters, D. J., (1995): The occurrence of osumilite in pelitic granulites of the Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex, South Africa. - South African. Journal of Geology, Vol. 98, pp. 191-201.; Hokada, T., Motoyoshi, Y., Hiroi, Y., Shimura, T., Yuhara, M., Shiraishi, K., ... & Knoper, M. W. (2001). Petrography and mineral chemistry of high-grade pelitic gneisses and related rocks from Namaqualand, South Africa. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue, 55, 105-126.
ⓘ Parakeldyshite
Formula: Na2ZrSi2O7
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Paratacamite
Formula: Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Parauranophane

Rietkuil, Beaufort West, Beaufort West Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Parauranophane
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Parkerite (TL)
Formula: Ni3(Bi,Pb)2S2
Type Locality:
Reference: Brower, W.S., Parker, H.S., Roth, R.S. (1974) Re-examination of synthetic parkerite and shandite. American Mineralogist: 59: 296-301.; Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
ⓘ Pectolite
Formula: NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa 229
ⓘ Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Periclase
Formula: MgO
Reference: Field, M., Stiefenhofer, J., Robey, J., and Kurszlaukis, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 33-75.
ⓘ Periclase var. Ferropericlase
Formula: (Mg,Fe)O
Reference: Field, M., Stiefenhofer, J., Robey, J., and Kurszlaukis, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 33-75. Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Perryite
Formula: (Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Petalite
Formula: LiAl(Si4O10)
Reference: Gauert C, MacDonald N, Roelofse F (2014) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the spodumene-bearing Noumas I pegmatite, Northern Cape, South Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 266
ⓘ Phenakite
Formula: Be2SiO4
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ 'Phillipsite Subgroup'
Reference: Bangert, B., & Von Brunn, V. (2001). Tuffaceous beds in glaciogenic argillites of the late Palaeozoic Dwyka Group of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 32(1), 133-140.
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: Field, M., Stiefenhofer, J., Robey, J., and Kurszlaukis, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 33-75.
ⓘ Phosphosiderite
Formula: FePO4 · 2H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Phosphuranylite
Formula: KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Pickeringite
Formula: MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Pigeonite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Reference: Simpson, A. B. (1975) Electron Microprobe Investigations of the Howardite Malvern (abstract): Meteoritics 10(4): 489-491. (Dec 1975)
ⓘ Pitiglianoite
Formula: Na6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region.
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
ⓘ 'Plessite'
Reference: Stanley, G. H. (1914). On a meteorite from NKandhla District, Zululand. South African Journal of Science 10: 105-113, w. 4 pics.; Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ Pollucite
Formula: (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
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Prehnite, etc.

Zoetwater Farm, Calvinia, Hantam Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Prehnite (TL)
Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Reference: Werner, A. G. (1788) in M H Klaprath, Schrift. Ges. naturforsch. Freunde, Berlin, 8, 211.
ⓘ Priderite
Formula: K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ 'Psilomelane'
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Purpurite
Formula: Mn3+(PO4)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Pyrite, etc.

Free State Geduld Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 19 localities in this region.
Reference: Jeffery, D. G. (2015). Structural discontinuties in the Witwatersrand group on the ERPM mine their geology, geochemistry and rock mechanics behaviour (Doctoral dissertation).
ⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)S2
Reference: Desborough, G.A., Czamanske, G.K. (1973): Sulfides in eclogite nodules from a kimberlite pipe, South Africa, with comments on violarite stoichiometry. American Mineralogist: 58: 195-202
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ Pyrolusite
Formula: Mn4+O2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Pyromorphite
Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Pyrope

Theunissen kimberlite field, Theunissen, Masilonyana Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Pyrope
Formula: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Pyrophyllite
Formula: Al2Si4O10(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Cairncross photo ID 729104
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130.
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Pyrrhotite

East Geduld Mine, Springs, City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
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Quartz, etc.

Free State Geduld Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 65 localities in this region.
Reference: Meyer, N. A. (2021). Diamonds and Their Inclusions From the Koffiefontein Mine. Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta
ⓘ Quartz var. "Herkimer-style" Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Habit: biterminated (doubly terminated)
Colour: water-clear
Description: Small crystals that occasionally have small fluid hydrocarbon inclusions which fluoresce bright yellow are found in the Steinkopf area.
Reference: Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals Of Southern Africa. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Agate

Bloemhof, Lekwa-Teemane Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa
ⓘ Quartz var. Agate
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa 157
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Quartz var. Carnelian
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Jasper

Hay, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Quartz var. Jasper
Description: Large deposits of jasper are found around Griquatown
Reference: P.F. Ledwaba (2014) Tiger’s eye in the Northern Cape Province — potential for employment creation and poverty alleviation. The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 114:881-885; Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa, Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa
ⓘ Quartz var. Moss Agate
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
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Smoky Quartz

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa
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Rectorite

Beatrix Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Rectorite
Formula: (Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Reference: Atanasova, M.T., Vyalikh, A., Scheler, U., Focke, W.W. (2916): Characterization of rectorite from the Beatrix Gold Mine in South Africa. Applied Clay Science, 126, 7-16.
ⓘ Richterite
Formula: {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
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Riebeckite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Riebeckite
Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
Reference: M. Arliguie and Van King specimens.
ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Reference: M. Arliguie and Van King specimens.
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Crocidolite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite'
Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Reference: M. Arliguie and Van King specimens.
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile
Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2
Reference: Journal of African Earth Sciences Volume 21, Issue 1, July 1995, Pages 171-186
ⓘ Sabugalite
Formula: HAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Salammoniac
Formula: NH4Cl
Reference: International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Smyth, J.R. (1977) Quartz pseudomorphs after coesite. American Mineralogist: 62: 828-830.
ⓘ Sapphirine
Formula: Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Hokada, T., Motoyoshi, Y., Hiroi, Y., Shimura, T., Yuhara, M., Shiraishi, K., ... & Knoper, M. W. (2001). Petrography and mineral chemistry of high-grade pelitic gneisses and related rocks from Namaqualand, South Africa. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue, 55, 105-126.
ⓘ Sarmientite
Formula: Fe3+2(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ 'Saussurite'
Reference: Henning, A., van der Westhuizen, W.A., de Bruiyn, H., and Beukes, G.J. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 410-418.
ⓘ Schorl
Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Schreibersite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)3P
Description: As angular bodies in kamacite lamellae, boundary precipitates, irregular blebs inside plessite, and rhabdites.
Reference: Stanley, G. H. (1914). On a meteorite from NKandhla District, Zululand. South African Journal of Science 10: 105-113, w. 4 pics.; Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ Scolecite
Formula: CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Reference: Tschernich, Rudy W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Inc, Phoenix, Arizona, 563 pgs.
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
Reference: Mahumapelo, N. P., & Magaseng, C. (2014). Beneficiation of marble from Griekwastad, Northern Cape Province. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 114(11), 951-955.
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
Reference: PMPB Meulenbeld collection
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Mg-rich Siderite

Balfour, Dipaleseng Local Municipality, Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa
ⓘ Siderite var. Mg-rich Siderite
Formula: (Fe,Mg)CO3
Reference: PMPB Meulenbeld collection Photo ID: 866025
ⓘ 'Silica'
Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130.
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Reference: Hokada, T., Motoyoshi, Y., Hiroi, Y., Shimura, T., Yuhara, M., Shiraishi, K., ... & Knoper, M. W. (2001). Petrography and mineral chemistry of high-grade pelitic gneisses and related rocks from Namaqualand, South Africa. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue, 55, 105-126.
ⓘ Silver
Formula: Ag
Reference: http://www.dmr.gov.za/publications/summary/121-directories/763-d1-operating-mines-information-2014.html
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Sperrylite
Formula: PtAs2
Reference: http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
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Sphalerite, etc.

Free State Geduld Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
Reference: Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., and Rickwood, P.C. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 75-123.
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Spodumene

Jakkalswater, Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ Spodumene
Formula: LiAlSi2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Srilankite
Formula: ZrTi2O6
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ Stellerite
Formula: Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Stibiopalladinite
Formula: Pd5Sb2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa 157.
ⓘ Strengite
Formula: FePO4 · 2H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Sudburyite
Formula: PdSb
Reference: http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
ⓘ Sudoite
Formula: Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Sulphur
Formula: S8
Reference: Stracher, G.B., Finkelman, R.B., Hower, J.C., Pone, J.D.N., Prakash, A., Blake, D.R., Schroeder, P.A., Emsbo-Mattingly, S.D., and O'Keefe, J.M.K. (2009): Natural and anthropogenic coal fires. In: Umran Dogan, A., and Cutler, J. (eds.): Encyclopedia of Earth. Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment, Cleveland (Washington, D.C.); International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Taenite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Stanley, G. H. (1914). On a meteorite from NKandhla District, Zululand. South African Journal of Science 10: 105-113, w. 4 pics.; Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Talnakhite ?
Formula: Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
Reference: Henning, A., van der Westhuizen, W.A., de Bruiyn, H., and Beukes, G.J. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 410-418.
ⓘ 'Tantalite'
Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Ta2O6
Reference: Baldwin, J.R. (1989): Replacement phenomena in tantalum minerals from rare-metal pegmatites in South Africa and Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine: 53: 571-581
ⓘ Tazheranite
Formula: (Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite
Formula: KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Thénardite
Formula: Na2SO4
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ 'Thomsonite'
Reference: Tschernich, Rudy W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Inc, Phoenix, Arizona, 563 pgs.
ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca
Formula: NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Thorianite
Formula: ThO2
Reference: Journal of African Earth Sciences Volume 21, Issue 1, July 1995, Pages 171-186
ⓘ Thorite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Thorite var. Orangite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
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Tiger's Eye

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ 'Tiger's Eye'
Reference: P.F. Ledwaba (2014) Tiger’s eye in the Northern Cape Province — potential for employment creation and poverty alleviation. The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 114:881-885
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
Reference: Konzett, J., Wirth, R., Hauzenberger, C., & Whitehouse, M. (2013). Two episodes of fluid migration in the Kaapvaal Craton lithospheric mantle associated with Cretaceous kimberlite activity: evidence from a harzburgite containing a unique assemblage of metasomatic zirconium-phases. Lithos, 182, 165-184.
ⓘ Topaz
Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Torbernite
Formula: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Reference: Jeffery, D. G. (2015). Structural discontinuties in the Witwatersrand group on the ERPM mine their geology, geochemistry and rock mechanics behaviour (Doctoral dissertation).
ⓘ Tremolite
Formula: ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Triphylite
Formula: LiFe2+PO4
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Triplite
Formula: Mn2+2(PO4)F
Reference: Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).
ⓘ Triploidite
Formula: Mn2+2(PO4)(OH)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Troilite
Formula: FeS
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Reference: Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ 'UM1973-17-S:FeNi'
Formula: (Fe,Ni)9S11
Reference: Desborough, G.A., Czamanske, G.K. (1973): Sulfides in eclogite nodules from a kimberlite pipe, South Africa, with comments on violarite stoichiometry. American Mineralogist: 58: 195-202
ⓘ 'UM1973-18-S:FeNi'
Formula: (Fe,Ni)9S11
Reference: Desborough, G.A., Czamanske, G.K. (1973): Sulfides in eclogite nodules from a kimberlite pipe, South Africa, with comments on violarite stoichiometry. American Mineralogist: 58: 195-202
ⓘ 'UM1975-10-O:CaFeMgTi'
Formula: ~Ca2Ti2(Fe,Mg)2O9
Reference: Haggerty, S.E. (1975): The chemistry and genesis of opaque minerals in kimberlites. Phys. Chem. Earth: 9: 295-307; in: Fleischer, M., Pabst, A., Cabri, L.J. (1976): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 61: 1055
ⓘ 'UM1986-22-O:BaCeFeKTiV'
Formula: (K,Ba)3(Fe,V,Ce)3Ti14O32
Reference: Mitchell, R.H., Haggerty, S.E. (1986) A new K-V-Ba titanate related to priderite from the New Elands kimberlite, South Africa. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Mon.: 376-384; in: Jambor, J.L., Bladh, K.D., Ercit, T.S., Grice, J.D., Grew, E.S. (1988): New mineral Names. American Mineralogist: 73: 932
ⓘ 'Unnamed (NH4 Thiosulphate)'
Formula: (NH4)2(S2O3)
Reference: Stracher, G.B., Finkelman, R.B., Hower, J.C., Pone, J.D.N., Prakash, A., Blake, D.R., Schroeder, P.A., Emsbo-Mattingly, S.D., and O'Keefe, J.M.K. (2009): Natural and anthropogenic coal fires. In: Umran Dogan, A., and Cutler, J. (eds.): Encyclopedia of Earth. Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment, Cleveland (Washington, D.C.)
ⓘ Uraninite
Formula: UO2
Reference: Econ Geol (1991) 86:396-401
ⓘ Uranophane
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Uranospathite
Formula: (Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Uranospinite
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Uvarovite
Formula: Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Vaesite ?
Formula: NiS2
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Valleriite
Formula: (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Reference: Tischler, S.E., Cawthorn, R.G., Kingston, G.A., Maske, S. (1981) Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at Waterfall Gorge, Insizwa, Pondoland, Transkei. The Canadian Mineralogist: 19(4): 607–618.
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Vanadinite

Kindergoed Farm, Carolina, Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality, Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa
ⓘ Vanadinite
Formula: Pb5(VO4)3Cl
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Violarite ?
Formula: Fe2+Ni3+2S4
Reference: Hughes, H.S., Compton-Jones, C., McDonald, I., Kiseeva, E.S., Kamenetsky, V.S., Rollinson, G., Coggon, J.A., Kinnaird, J.A. and Bybee, G.M., (202). Base metal sulphide geochemistry of southern African mantle eclogites (Roberts Victor): Implications for cratonic mafic magmatism and metallogenesis. Lithos, 382, p.105918.
ⓘ Vivianite
Formula: Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Reference: Visser, J.N.J., Beukes, G.J. and Scott, L. (1986). Vivianite in Late Pleistocene swamp deposits near Clarens, South Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 89, 395-400.
ⓘ 'Wad'
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Werdingite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37
Reference: Hokada, T., Motoyoshi, Y., Hiroi, Y., Shimura, T., Yuhara, M., Shiraishi, K., ... & Knoper, M. W. (2001). Petrography and mineral chemistry of high-grade pelitic gneisses and related rocks from Namaqualand, South Africa. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue, 55, 105-126.
ⓘ Wilcoxite
Formula: MgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O
Reference: Bangert, B., & Von Brunn, V. (2001). Tuffaceous beds in glaciogenic argillites of the late Palaeozoic Dwyka Group of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 32(1), 133-140.
ⓘ Witherite
Formula: BaCO3
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
Reference: Lightfoot, P.C., Naldrett, A.J., and Hawkesworth, C.J. (1984) The geology and geochemistry of the Waterfall Gorge section of the Insizwa complex with particular reference to the origin of nickel sulfide deposits. Economic Geology: 79: 1857-1879.
ⓘ Wulfenite
Formula: Pb(MoO4)
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Wüstite
Formula: FeO
Reference: Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
ⓘ 'Xenotime'
Reference: Journal of African Earth Sciences Volume 21, Issue 1, July 1995, Pages 171-186
ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)
Formula: Y(PO4)
Reference: Verwoerd, W. J., Viljoen, E. A., & Chevallier, L. (1995). Rare metal mineralization at the Salpeterkop carbonatite complex, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 21(1), 171-186.
ⓘ Zemkorite
Formula: Na2Ca(CO3)2
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.
ⓘ Zeunerite
Formula: Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Jeffery, D. G. (2015). Structural discontinuties in the Witwatersrand group on the ERPM mine their geology, geochemistry and rock mechanics behaviour (Doctoral dissertation).
ⓘ Zirkelite
Formula: (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
Reference: Kamenetsky, V. S., Belousova, E. A., Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, M. B., Goemann, K., & Griffin, W. L. (2014). Chemical abrasion of zircon and ilmenite megacrysts in the Monastery kimberlite: Implications for the composition of kimberlite melts. Chemical Geology, 383, 76-85.

Gallery:

Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)ⓘ 'Apatite'
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Apatite, etc.

Jakkalswater, Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Apatite, etc.

Jakkalswater, Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Apatite, etc.

Jakkalswater, Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
BaSO4ⓘ Baryte
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Baryte

Sutherland, Karoo Hoogland, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Baryte

Sutherland, Karoo Hoogland, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Baryte

Sutherland, Karoo Hoogland, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2Oⓘ Boltwoodite
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Boltwoodite

Beaufort West, Beaufort West Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
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Boltwoodite

Beaufort West, Beaufort West Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
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Boltwoodite

Beaufort West, Beaufort West Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
CaCO3ⓘ Calcite
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Calcite, etc.

Welkom Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Calcite, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Calcite, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Calcite, etc.

Welkom Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Calcite, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Calcite, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Calcite, etc.

Welkom Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Calcite, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
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Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
Al2O3ⓘ Corundum
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Corundum

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Corundum

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Corundum

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
Auⓘ Gold
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Gold

Vogelstruisbult Mine, Nigel, City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa
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Gold

Loraine Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Gold, etc.

Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Gold

Vogelstruisbult Mine, Nigel, City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa
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Gold

Loraine Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Gold, etc.

Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Gold

Vogelstruisbult Mine, Nigel, City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa
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Gold

Loraine Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2Oⓘ Metazeunerite
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Metazeunerite

Rietkuil, Beaufort West, Beaufort West Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
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Metazeunerite

Rietkuil, Beaufort West, Beaufort West Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
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Metazeunerite

Rietkuil, Beaufort West, Beaufort West Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2ⓘ Prehnite (TL)
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Prehnite, etc.

Zoetwater Farm, Calvinia, Hantam Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Prehnite, etc.

Zoetwater Farm, Calvinia, Hantam Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Prehnite

Zoetwater Farm, Calvinia, Hantam Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Prehnite, etc.

Zoetwater Farm, Calvinia, Hantam Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Prehnite, etc.

Zoetwater Farm, Calvinia, Hantam Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Prehnite

Zoetwater Farm, Calvinia, Hantam Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Prehnite, etc.

Zoetwater Farm, Calvinia, Hantam Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Prehnite, etc.

Zoetwater Farm, Calvinia, Hantam Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
FeS2ⓘ Pyrite
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Pyrite, etc.

Harmony Mine, Virginia, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Pyrite

Goedehoop Mine, Witbank coalfield, eMalahleni, Emalahleni Local Municipality, Nkangala District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa
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Pyrite, etc.

Harmony Mine, Virginia, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Pyrite

Goedehoop Mine, Witbank coalfield, eMalahleni, Emalahleni Local Municipality, Nkangala District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa
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Pyrite, etc.

Harmony Mine, Virginia, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Pyrite

Goedehoop Mine, Witbank coalfield, eMalahleni, Emalahleni Local Municipality, Nkangala District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa
SiO2ⓘ Quartz
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Quartz, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Quartz, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Quartz

Klein Waterval, Prince Albert, Prince Albert Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
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Quartz, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Quartz, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Quartz

Klein Waterval, Prince Albert, Prince Albert Local Municipality, Central Karoo District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa
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Quartz, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Quartz, etc.

President Brand Mine, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
ⓘ Quartz var. Agate
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Agate

Sani Pass, Harry Gwala District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Agate

Bloemhof, Lekwa-Teemane Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa
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Agate

Maloti Mountains, Lesotho
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Agate

Sani Pass, Harry Gwala District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Agate

Bloemhof, Lekwa-Teemane Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa
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Agate

Maloti Mountains, Lesotho
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Agate

Sani Pass, Harry Gwala District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Agate

Bloemhof, Lekwa-Teemane Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa
ⓘ Quartz var. Jasper
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Jasper, etc.

Griekwastad, Siyancuma, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Jasper, etc.

Hay, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Jasper

Griekwastad, Siyancuma, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Jasper, etc.

Griekwastad, Siyancuma, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Jasper, etc.

Hay, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Jasper

Griekwastad, Siyancuma, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Jasper, etc.

Griekwastad, Siyancuma, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Jasper, etc.

Hay, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
SiO2ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
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Smoky Quartz

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Smoky Quartz

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Smoky Quartz

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Smoky Quartz

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Smoky Quartz

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Smoky Quartz

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Smoky Quartz

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Smoky Quartz

Steinkopf, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2Oⓘ Rectorite
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Rectorite

Beatrix Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Rectorite

Beatrix Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Rectorite

Beatrix Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Rectorite

Beatrix Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Rectorite

Beatrix Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Rectorite

Beatrix Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Rectorite

Beatrix Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
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Rectorite

Beatrix Mine, Welkom, Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Lejweleputswa District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite'
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Crocidolite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Crocidolite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Crocidolite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Crocidolite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Crocidolite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Crocidolite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Crocidolite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Crocidolite

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
ⓘ 'Tiger's Eye'
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Tiger's Eye

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Tiger's Eye

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Tiger's Eye

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
trans.png
Tiger's Eye

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
trans.png
Tiger's Eye

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
trans.png
Tiger's Eye

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
trans.png
Tiger's Eye

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa
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Tiger's Eye

Prieska, Siyathemba, Pixley ka Seme, Northern Cape, South Africa

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘAuricupride ?1.AA.10aCu3Au
ⓘAurihydrargyrumite1.AD.Au6Hg5
ⓘBismuth1.CA.05Bi
ⓘCohenite1.BA.05Fe3C
ⓘCopper1.AA.05Cu
ⓘDiamond1.CB.10aC
ⓘGold1.AA.05Au
ⓘvar. Electrum1.AA.05(Au,Ag)
ⓘGraphite1.CB.05aC
ⓘIridium1.AF.10(Ir,Os,Ru)
ⓘvar. Osmiridium1.AF.10(Ir,Os,Ru)
ⓘIron1.AE.05Fe
ⓘvar. Kamacite1.AE.05(Fe,Ni)
ⓘvar. Martensite1.AE.05Fe
ⓘIsoferroplatinum1.AG.35Pt3Fe
ⓘMoissanite1.DA.SiC
ⓘNiggliite (TL)1.AG.60PtSn
ⓘPerryite1.BB.10(Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2
ⓘSchreibersite1.BD.05(Fe,Ni)3P
ⓘSilver1.AA.05Ag
ⓘSulphur1.CC.05S8
ⓘTaenite1.AE.10(Fe,Ni)
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘAcanthite2.BA.35Ag2S
ⓘAlabandite2.CD.10MnS
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
ⓘBismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘBraggite2.CC.35aPdPt3S4
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘClausthalite2.CD.10PbSe
ⓘCooperite2.CC.35bPtS
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘCrowningshieldite (TL)2.CC.(Ni0.9Fe0.10)S
ⓘCubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
ⓘDaubréelite2.DA.05Fe2+Cr3+2S4
ⓘDigenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
ⓘDjerfisherite (TL)2.FC.05K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl
ⓘErlichmanite2.EB.05aOsS2
ⓘFroodite2.AC.45aα-PdBi2
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘGersdorffite2.EB.25NiAsS
ⓘvar. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite2.EB.25(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
ⓘHeazlewoodite2.BB.05Ni3S2
ⓘInsizwaite (TL)2.EB.05aPt(Bi,Sb)2
ⓘIrarsite2.EB.25(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
ⓘIsocubanite2.CB.55bCuFe2S3
ⓘJordisite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘLaurite2.EB.05aRuS2
ⓘLöllingite2.EB.15aFeAs2
ⓘMackinawite2.CC.25(Fe,Ni)9S8
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘMillerite2.CC.20NiS
ⓘModderite (TL)2.CC.15(Co,Fe)As
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘNickeline2.CC.05NiAs
ⓘNiningerite2.CD.10(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S
ⓘOldhamite2.CD.10(Ca,Mg)S
ⓘParkerite (TL)2.BE.20Ni3(Bi,Pb)2S2
ⓘPentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘvar. Bravoite2.EB.05a(Fe,Ni)S2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘSperrylite2.EB.05aPtAs2
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘStibiopalladinite2.AC.20aPd5Sb2
ⓘSudburyite2.CC.05PdSb
ⓘTalnakhite ?2.CB.10bCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
ⓘ'Tennantite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
ⓘ'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
ⓘTroilite2.CC.10FeS
ⓘVaesite ?2.EB.05aNiS2
ⓘValleriite2.FD.30(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
ⓘViolarite ?2.DA.05Fe2+Ni3+2S4
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘBismoclite (TL)3.DC.25BiOCl
ⓘChlorargyrite3.AA.15AgCl
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘParatacamite3.DA.10cCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
ⓘSalammoniac3.AA.25NH4Cl
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘAnatase4.DD.05TiO2
ⓘBaddeleyite4.DE.35ZrO2
ⓘBrookite4.DD.10TiO2
ⓘCalzirtite4.DL.10Ca2Zr5Ti2O16
ⓘCarnotite4.HB.05K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
ⓘChromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘChrysoberyl4.BA.05BeAl2O4
ⓘCoesite4.DA.35SiO2
ⓘCorundum4.CB.05Al2O3
ⓘCrichtonite4.CC.40Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
ⓘCuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
ⓘCurite4.GB.55Pb3(H2O)2[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2
ⓘEuxenite-(Y)4.DG.05(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
ⓘFreudenbergite4.CC.10Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16
ⓘvar. Ferrous freudenbergite4.CC.10Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16
ⓘGoethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘGoldschmidtite (TL)4.CC.17KNbO3
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘvar. Specularite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘHercynite4.BB.05Fe2+Al2O4
ⓘvar. Picotite4.BB.05(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘIlsemannite4.FJ.15Mo3O8 · nH2O
ⓘIriginite4.GB.60(UO2)Mo2O7 · 3H2O
ⓘKassite4.DH.10CaTi2O4(OH)2
ⓘLakargiite ?4.CC.30Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘMannardite4.DK.05bBa(Ti4+6V3+2)O16
ⓘMassicot4.AC.25PbO
ⓘ'Microlite Group'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
ⓘOpal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘPericlase4.AB.25MgO
ⓘvar. Ferropericlase4.AB.25(Mg,Fe)O
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
ⓘPriderite4.DK.05bK(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘPyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. "Herkimer-style" Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Agate4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Amethyst4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Carnelian4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Chalcedony4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Jasper4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Moss Agate4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Rose Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Smoky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘvar. Ilmenorutile4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘSrilankite4.DB.25ZrTi2O6
ⓘTantalite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Ta2O6
ⓘTazheranite4.DL.10(Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2
ⓘThorianite4.DL.05ThO2
ⓘUraninite4.DL.05UO2
ⓘWüstite4.AB.25FeO
ⓘZirkelite4.DL.05(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘAragonite5.AB.15CaCO3
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘBismutite5.BE.25(BiO)2CO3
ⓘBradleyite5.BF.10Na3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘvar. Glendonite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘvar. Iceland Spar5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘCerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘEitelite5.AC.05Na2Mg(CO3)2
ⓘMagnesite5.AB.05MgCO3
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘNiter5.NA.10KNO3
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘvar. Mg-rich Siderite5.AB.05(Fe,Mg)CO3
ⓘWitherite5.AB.15BaCO3
ⓘZemkorite5.AC.10Na2Ca(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAlunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘAphthitalite7.AC.35(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘCopiapite7.DB.35Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
ⓘCrocoite7.FA.20PbCr6+O4
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘHexahydrite7.CB.25MgSO4 · 6H2O
ⓘLetovicite7.AD.20(NH4)3H(SO4)2
ⓘMascagnite7.AD.05(NH4)2SO4
ⓘPickeringite7.CB.85MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘThénardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
ⓘWilcoxite7.DE.45MgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O
ⓘWulfenite7.GA.05Pb(MoO4)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘAbernathyite8.EB.15K(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
ⓘAmblygonite8.BB.05LiAl(PO4)F
ⓘArsenuranylite8.EC.10Ca(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 6H2O
ⓘAutunite8.EB.05Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
ⓘDescloizite8.BH.40PbZn(VO4)(OH)
ⓘFaheyite8.CA.15Be2Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)4 · 6H2O
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘHydronováčekite8.EB.05Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘLibethenite8.BB.30Cu2(PO4)(OH)
ⓘLithiophilite8.AB.10LiMn2+PO4
ⓘMeta-autunite8.EB.10Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
ⓘMetakahlerite8.EB.10Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘMetatorbernite8.EB.10Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘMetauranospinite8.EB.10Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘMetazeunerite8.EB.10Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
ⓘNahpoite8.AD.05Na2(PO3OH)
ⓘPhosphosiderite8.CD.05FePO4 · 2H2O
ⓘPhosphuranylite8.EC.10KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O
ⓘPurpurite8.AB.10Mn3+(PO4)
ⓘPyromorphite8.BN.05Pb5(PO4)3Cl
ⓘSabugalite8.EB.55HAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2O
ⓘSarmientite8.DB.35Fe3+2(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
ⓘStrengite8.CD.10FePO4 · 2H2O
ⓘTorbernite8.EB.05Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘTriphylite8.AB.10LiFe2+PO4
ⓘTriplite8.BB.10Mn2+2(PO4)F
ⓘTriploidite8.BB.15Mn2+2(PO4)(OH)
ⓘUranospathite8.EB.25(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)
ⓘUranospinite8.EB.05Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
ⓘVanadinite8.BN.05Pb5(VO4)3Cl
ⓘVivianite8.CE.40Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘXenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
ⓘZeunerite8.EB.05Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Cleavelandite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAllanite-(La)9.BG.05b{CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
ⓘAlmandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘAnalcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
ⓘAndalusite9.AF.10Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘvar. Chiastolite9.AF.10Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘAnorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘvar. Bytownite9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
ⓘAntigorite9.ED.15Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘvar. Fassaite9.DA.15(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
ⓘBertrandite9.BD.05Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2
ⓘBeryl9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘBoltwoodite9.AK.15(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
ⓘBraunite9.AG.05Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
ⓘBridgmanite9.H0.(Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘCatapleiite9.CA.15Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
ⓘCebollite ?9.BB.10Ca5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4
ⓘChloritoid9.AF.85(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
ⓘClinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘvar. Ripidolite9.EC.55(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
ⓘClinoferrosilite9.DA.10Fe2+SiO3
ⓘCoffinite9.AD.30U(SiO4) · nH2O
ⓘCordierite9.CJ.10(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘvar. Chromium-bearing Diopside9.DA.15Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
ⓘDioptase9.CJ.30CuSiO3 · H2O
ⓘElbaite9.CK.05Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘEnstatite9.DA.05Mg2Si2O6
ⓘvar. Bronzite9.DA.05(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
ⓘEpistilbite9.GD.45CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
ⓘEucryptite9.AA.05LiAlSiO4
ⓘEudialyte9.CO.10Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘForsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
ⓘGedrite9.DD.05◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
ⓘ'Gismondine'9..
ⓘ'Glauconite'9.EC.(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
ⓘGonnardite9.GA.05(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O
ⓘGrandidierite9.AJ.05(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2
ⓘGrossular9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘKalsilite9.FA.05KAlSiO4
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘKhibinskite9.BC.10K2ZrSi2O7
ⓘKnorringite (TL)9.AD.25Mg3Cr2(SiO4)3
ⓘKornerupine9.BJ.50Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
ⓘKyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘLaumontite9.GB.10CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
ⓘLizardite9.ED.15Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘMajorite9.AD.25Mg3(MgSi)(SiO4)3
ⓘMargarite9.EC.30CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
ⓘMeionite9.FB.15Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3
ⓘMesolite9.GA.05Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘMordenite9.GD.35(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
ⓘMullite9.AF.20Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Fuchsite9.EC.15K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
ⓘvar. Illite9.EC.15K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘNatrolite9.GA.05Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘOmphacite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘOsumilite-(Mg)9.CM.05KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
ⓘParakeldyshite9.BC.10Na2ZrSi2O7
ⓘParauranophane9.AK.15Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
ⓘPectolite9.DG.05NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
ⓘPetalite9.EF.05LiAl(Si4O10)
ⓘPhenakite9.AA.05Be2SiO4
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘPigeonite9.DA.10(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘPitiglianoite9.FB.05Na6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O
ⓘPollucite9.GB.05(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
ⓘPrehnite (TL)9.DP.20Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
ⓘPyrope9.AD.25Mg3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘPyrophyllite9.EC.10Al2Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘRectorite9.EC.60(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
ⓘRichterite9.DE.20{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘRiebeckite9.DE.25◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘSapphirine9.DH.45Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]
ⓘSchorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘScolecite9.GA.05CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘSpodumene9.DA.30LiAlSi2O6
ⓘStellerite9.GE.15Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O
ⓘSudoite9.EC.55Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘTetraferriphlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
ⓘThomsonite-Ca9.GA.10NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
ⓘThorite9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
ⓘvar. Orangite9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘTopaz9.AF.35Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
ⓘTremolite9.DE.10◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘUranophane9.AK.15Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
ⓘUvarovite9.AD.25Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3
ⓘWerdingite9.BD.35(Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37
ⓘWollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Apophyllite Group'-AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
ⓘ'Chabazite'-
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
ⓘ'Columbite-Tantalite'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'var. Perthite'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Gmelinite'-
ⓘ'Gummite'-
ⓘ'Heulandite'-
ⓘ'Hornblende'-
ⓘ'Högbomite'-(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-KAlSi3O8
ⓘ'Lead-parkerite'-Ni3Pb2S2
ⓘ'Lepidolite'-
ⓘ'Leucoxene'-
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Maskelynite'-
ⓘ'Meteoritic Iron'-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Monazite'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Olivine Group'-M2SiO4
ⓘ'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Phillipsite Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Plessite'-
ⓘ'Psilomelane'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Riebeckite Root Name Group'-◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'var. Crocidolite'-◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Saussurite'-
ⓘ'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ'Silica'-
ⓘ'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
ⓘ'Tantalite'-(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ'Thomsonite'-
ⓘ'Tiger's Eye'-
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'UM1973-17-S:FeNi'-(Fe,Ni)9S11
ⓘ'UM1973-18-S:FeNi'-(Fe,Ni)9S11
ⓘ'UM1975-10-O:CaFeMgTi'-~Ca2Ti2(Fe,Mg)2O9
ⓘ'UM1986-22-O:BaCeFeKTiV'-(K,Ba)3(Fe,V,Ce)3Ti14O32
ⓘ'Unnamed (NH4 Thiosulphate)'-(NH4)2(S2O3)
ⓘ'Wad'-
ⓘ'Xenotime'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Hⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Hⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Hⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Hⓘ Letovicite(NH4)3H(SO4)2
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Chloritoid(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
Hⓘ Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ IlsemanniteMo3O8 · nH2O
Hⓘ SarmientiteFe23+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Hⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Hⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hⓘ LizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Hⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ Muscovite var. FuchsiteK(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
Hⓘ WilcoxiteMgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ KornerupineMg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
Hⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Hⓘ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ SudoiteMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8
Hⓘ DioptaseCuSiO3 · H2O
Hⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Hⓘ Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
Hⓘ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Hⓘ HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
Hⓘ Unnamed (NH4 Thiosulphate)(NH4)2(S2O3)
Hⓘ Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
Hⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Hⓘ Gonnardite(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O
Hⓘ VivianiteFe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Hⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Hⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Hⓘ Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Hⓘ MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ NahpoiteNa2(PO3OH)
Hⓘ KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Hⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Hⓘ CatapleiiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Hⓘ PitiglianoiteNa6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O
Hⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Hⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Hⓘ FaheyiteBe2Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)4 · 6H2O
Hⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Hⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ CuritePb3(H2O)2[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2
Hⓘ BertranditeBe4(Si2O7)(OH)2
Hⓘ LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
Hⓘ StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ TriploiditeMn22+(PO4)(OH)
Hⓘ AbernathyiteK(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Hⓘ ArsenuranyliteCa(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 6H2O
Hⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Hⓘ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Hⓘ CoffiniteU(SiO4) · nH2O
Hⓘ MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Hⓘ PhosphuranyliteKCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O
Hⓘ SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2O
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Hⓘ AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Hⓘ Iriginite(UO2)Mo2O7 · 3H2O
Hⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Hⓘ MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Hⓘ ParauranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Hⓘ UranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
Hⓘ Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)
Hⓘ ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ Allanite-(La){CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Hⓘ AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Hⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Hⓘ StelleriteCa4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O
Hⓘ CebolliteCa5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4
LiLithium
Liⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Liⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Liⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Liⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Liⓘ PetaliteLiAl(Si4O10)
Liⓘ EucryptiteLiAlSiO4
Liⓘ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
BeBeryllium
Beⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beⓘ FaheyiteBe2Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)4 · 6H2O
Beⓘ ChrysoberylBeAl2O4
Beⓘ PhenakiteBe2SiO4
Beⓘ BertranditeBe4(Si2O7)(OH)2
BBoron
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Bⓘ Grandidierite(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2
Bⓘ Werdingite(Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37
Bⓘ KornerupineMg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
Bⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Cⓘ DiamondC
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ MoissaniteSiC
Cⓘ Calcite var. GlendoniteCaCO3
Cⓘ GraphiteC
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ MagnesiteMgCO3
Cⓘ MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3
Cⓘ AragoniteCaCO3
Cⓘ Siderite var. Mg-rich Siderite(Fe,Mg)CO3
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Cⓘ CoheniteFe3C
Cⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Cⓘ ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Cⓘ EiteliteNa2Mg(CO3)2
Cⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ Calcite var. Iceland SparCaCO3
Cⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
NNitrogen
Nⓘ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Nⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Nⓘ Letovicite(NH4)3H(SO4)2
Nⓘ Unnamed (NH4 Thiosulphate)(NH4)2(S2O3)
Nⓘ NiterKNO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ GoldschmidtiteKNbO3
Oⓘ KnorringiteMg3Cr2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ BismocliteBiOCl
Oⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Oⓘ CrocoitePbCr6+O4
Oⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Oⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Oⓘ VanadinitePb5(VO4)3Cl
Oⓘ Periclase var. Ferropericlase(Mg,Fe)O
Oⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ PericlaseMgO
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ Bridgmanite(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Oⓘ CoesiteSiO2
Oⓘ CorundumAl2O3
Oⓘ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Oⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
Oⓘ Omphacite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Oⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Oⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Oⓘ Letovicite(NH4)3H(SO4)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Calcite var. GlendoniteCaCO3
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Chloritoid(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
Oⓘ Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ IlsemanniteMo3O8 · nH2O
Oⓘ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
Oⓘ SarmientiteFe23+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Oⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Oⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oⓘ LizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ MulliteAl4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
Oⓘ AnataseTiO2
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Oⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ WüstiteFeO
Oⓘ CupriteCu2O
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ MagnesiteMgCO3
Oⓘ Muscovite var. FuchsiteK(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
Oⓘ Högbomite(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10
Oⓘ Andalusite var. ChiastoliteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ WilcoxiteMgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3
Oⓘ Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Oⓘ SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Oⓘ Grandidierite(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2
Oⓘ Werdingite(Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37
Oⓘ KornerupineMg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
Oⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Oⓘ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ UraniniteUO2
Oⓘ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Oⓘ AragoniteCaCO3
Oⓘ SudoiteMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8
Oⓘ DioptaseCuSiO3 · H2O
Oⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Oⓘ Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ Siderite var. Mg-rich Siderite(Fe,Mg)CO3
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ MassicotPbO
Oⓘ DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
Oⓘ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Oⓘ HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
Oⓘ Unnamed (NH4 Thiosulphate)(NH4)2(S2O3)
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Oⓘ ClinoferrosiliteFe2+SiO3
Oⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Oⓘ UM1975-10-O:CaFeMgTi~Ca2Ti2(Fe,Mg)2O9
Oⓘ Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
Oⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Oⓘ HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Oⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Oⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Oⓘ Gonnardite(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O
Oⓘ VivianiteFe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Oⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Oⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ PrideriteK(Ti74+Fe3+)O16
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ SrilankiteZrTi2O6
Oⓘ Tazheranite(Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Oⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Oⓘ BrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
Oⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Oⓘ Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Oⓘ MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ MajoriteMg3(MgSi)(SiO4)3
Oⓘ ParakeldyshiteNa2ZrSi2O7
Oⓘ FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Oⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Oⓘ KhibinskiteK2ZrSi2O7
Oⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Oⓘ ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Oⓘ Zirkelite(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
Oⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Oⓘ NahpoiteNa2(PO3OH)
Oⓘ EiteliteNa2Mg(CO3)2
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Oⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Oⓘ CatapleiiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Oⓘ PitiglianoiteNa6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O
Oⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Oⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ NiterKNO3
Oⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oⓘ UM1986-22-O:BaCeFeKTiV(K,Ba)3(Fe,V,Ce)3Ti14O32
Oⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Calcite var. Iceland SparCaCO3
Oⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Oⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Oⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Oⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Oⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Oⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Oⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Oⓘ Thorite var. OrangiteTh(SiO4)
Oⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Oⓘ PetaliteLiAl(Si4O10)
Oⓘ FaheyiteBe2Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)4 · 6H2O
Oⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Oⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Oⓘ ThorianiteThO2
Oⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Oⓘ BrookiteTiO2
Oⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ ChrysoberylBeAl2O4
Oⓘ EucryptiteLiAlSiO4
Oⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Oⓘ CuritePb3(H2O)2[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2
Oⓘ Quartz var. "Herkimer-style" QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ PhenakiteBe2SiO4
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ Quartz var. Rose QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ BertranditeBe4(Si2O7)(OH)2
Oⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Oⓘ LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ PurpuriteMn3+(PO4)
Oⓘ StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Oⓘ PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ TriploiditeMn22+(PO4)(OH)
Oⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Oⓘ AbernathyiteK(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Oⓘ ArsenuranyliteCa(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 6H2O
Oⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Oⓘ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Oⓘ CoffiniteU(SiO4) · nH2O
Oⓘ MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Oⓘ PhosphuranyliteKCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O
Oⓘ SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2O
Oⓘ Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Oⓘ AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Oⓘ Iriginite(UO2)Mo2O7 · 3H2O
Oⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Oⓘ MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Oⓘ ParauranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Oⓘ UranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
Oⓘ Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)
Oⓘ ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ Allanite-(La){CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Oⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Oⓘ AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ Quartz var. Moss AgateSiO2
Oⓘ EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Oⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Oⓘ StelleriteCa4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O
Oⓘ Freudenbergite var. Ferrous freudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Oⓘ MannarditeBa(Ti64+V23+)O16
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3
Oⓘ CebolliteCa5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4
FFluorine
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Fⓘ WilcoxiteMgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Fⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Fⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Fⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)
NaSodium
Naⓘ Omphacite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Naⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Naⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3
Naⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Naⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ Gonnardite(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Naⓘ Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Naⓘ Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Naⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Naⓘ ParakeldyshiteNa2ZrSi2O7
Naⓘ FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Naⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Naⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Naⓘ ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Naⓘ NahpoiteNa2(PO3OH)
Naⓘ EiteliteNa2Mg(CO3)2
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ CatapleiiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Naⓘ PitiglianoiteNa6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O
Naⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Naⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Naⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Naⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Naⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Naⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Naⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Naⓘ Freudenbergite var. Ferrous freudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ KnorringiteMg3Cr2(SiO4)3
Mgⓘ Periclase var. Ferropericlase(Mg,Fe)O
Mgⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Mgⓘ PericlaseMgO
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ Bridgmanite(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Mgⓘ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Mgⓘ Omphacite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Chloritoid(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
Mgⓘ Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgⓘ LizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Mgⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Mgⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ MagnesiteMgCO3
Mgⓘ Högbomite(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10
Mgⓘ WilcoxiteMgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O
Mgⓘ Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Mgⓘ SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]
Mgⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Mgⓘ Grandidierite(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2
Mgⓘ Werdingite(Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37
Mgⓘ KornerupineMg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
Mgⓘ SudoiteMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8
Mgⓘ Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Siderite var. Mg-rich Siderite(Fe,Mg)CO3
Mgⓘ HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
Mgⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Mgⓘ UM1975-10-O:CaFeMgTi~Ca2Ti2(Fe,Mg)2O9
Mgⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Mgⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Mgⓘ Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Niningerite(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S
Mgⓘ Oldhamite(Ca,Mg)S
Mgⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ MajoriteMg3(MgSi)(SiO4)3
Mgⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Mgⓘ EiteliteNa2Mg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Mgⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Mgⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Mgⓘ AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
AlAluminium
Alⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Alⓘ CorundumAl2O3
Alⓘ Omphacite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Alⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Chloritoid(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
Alⓘ Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Alⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ MulliteAl4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Alⓘ K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Alⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ Muscovite var. FuchsiteK(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
Alⓘ Högbomite(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10
Alⓘ Andalusite var. ChiastoliteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ WilcoxiteMgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3
Alⓘ Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Alⓘ SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Alⓘ Grandidierite(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2
Alⓘ Werdingite(Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37
Alⓘ KornerupineMg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
Alⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Alⓘ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Alⓘ SudoiteMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Alⓘ HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Alⓘ Gonnardite(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Alⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Alⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Alⓘ Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Alⓘ MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Alⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Alⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ PitiglianoiteNa6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O
Alⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Alⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Alⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Alⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Alⓘ PetaliteLiAl(Si4O10)
Alⓘ Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Alⓘ ChrysoberylBeAl2O4
Alⓘ EucryptiteLiAlSiO4
Alⓘ SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2O
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Alⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alⓘ Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)
Alⓘ Allanite-(La){CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Alⓘ EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Alⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Alⓘ StelleriteCa4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O
Alⓘ CebolliteCa5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4
SiSilicon
Siⓘ KnorringiteMg3Cr2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Siⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ Bridgmanite(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Siⓘ CoesiteSiO2
Siⓘ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Siⓘ MoissaniteSiC
Siⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
Siⓘ Omphacite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Siⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Chloritoid(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
Siⓘ Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Siⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siⓘ LizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Siⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ MulliteAl4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Siⓘ K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Siⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. FuchsiteK(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
Siⓘ Andalusite var. ChiastoliteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3
Siⓘ Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Siⓘ SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Siⓘ Grandidierite(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2
Siⓘ Werdingite(Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37
Siⓘ KornerupineMg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
Siⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Siⓘ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ SudoiteMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8
Siⓘ DioptaseCuSiO3 · H2O
Siⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Siⓘ Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ ClinoferrosiliteFe2+SiO3
Siⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Siⓘ Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Siⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Siⓘ Gonnardite(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Siⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Siⓘ BrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
Siⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Siⓘ Perryite(Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2
Siⓘ Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Siⓘ MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Siⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ MajoriteMg3(MgSi)(SiO4)3
Siⓘ ParakeldyshiteNa2ZrSi2O7
Siⓘ KhibinskiteK2ZrSi2O7
Siⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Siⓘ CatapleiiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Siⓘ PitiglianoiteNa6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O
Siⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Siⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Siⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Siⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Siⓘ Thorite var. OrangiteTh(SiO4)
Siⓘ PetaliteLiAl(Si4O10)
Siⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Siⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ EucryptiteLiAlSiO4
Siⓘ Quartz var. "Herkimer-style" QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ PhenakiteBe2SiO4
Siⓘ Quartz var. Rose QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ BertranditeBe4(Si2O7)(OH)2
Siⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Siⓘ CoffiniteU(SiO4) · nH2O
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Siⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Siⓘ ParauranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Siⓘ Allanite-(La){CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Siⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Siⓘ AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ Quartz var. Moss AgateSiO2
Siⓘ EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Siⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Siⓘ StelleriteCa4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ CebolliteCa5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Pⓘ Schreibersite(Fe,Ni)3P
Pⓘ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Pⓘ VivianiteFe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Pⓘ Perryite(Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2
Pⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Pⓘ NahpoiteNa2(PO3OH)
Pⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Pⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Pⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Pⓘ FaheyiteBe2Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)4 · 6H2O
Pⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Pⓘ PurpuriteMn3+(PO4)
Pⓘ StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
Pⓘ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Pⓘ PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
Pⓘ TriploiditeMn22+(PO4)(OH)
Pⓘ PhosphuranyliteKCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O
Pⓘ SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2O
Pⓘ AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Pⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Pⓘ MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Pⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Pⓘ Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)
SSulfur
Sⓘ Crowningshieldite(Ni0.9Fe0.10)S
Sⓘ ParkeriteNi3(Bi,Pb)2S2
Sⓘ DjerfisheriteK6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl
Sⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Sⓘ Letovicite(NH4)3H(SO4)2
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sⓘ SarmientiteFe23+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Sⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite(Fe,Ni)S2
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ UM1973-17-S:FeNi(Fe,Ni)9S11
Sⓘ UM1973-18-S:FeNi(Fe,Ni)9S11
Sⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ DaubréeliteFe2+Cr23+S4
Sⓘ TroiliteFeS
Sⓘ WilcoxiteMgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O
Sⓘ MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ IsocubaniteCuFe2S3
Sⓘ Mackinawite(Fe,Ni)9S8
Sⓘ LauriteRuS2
Sⓘ ErlichmaniteOsS2
Sⓘ CooperitePtS
Sⓘ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Sⓘ HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ SulphurS8
Sⓘ Unnamed (NH4 Thiosulphate)(NH4)2(S2O3)
Sⓘ BraggitePdPt3S4
Sⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Sⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ MilleriteNiS
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ Lead-parkeriteNi3Pb2S2
Sⓘ HeazlewooditeNi3S2
Sⓘ Niningerite(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S
Sⓘ AlabanditeMnS
Sⓘ Oldhamite(Ca,Mg)S
Sⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Sⓘ PitiglianoiteNa6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O
Sⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Sⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Sⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
Sⓘ GersdorffiteNiAsS
Sⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Sⓘ JordisiteMoS2
Sⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Sⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sⓘ VaesiteNiS2
Sⓘ ViolariteFe2+Ni23+S4
Sⓘ TalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
ClChlorine
Clⓘ DjerfisheriteK6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl
Clⓘ BismocliteBiOCl
Clⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Clⓘ VanadinitePb5(VO4)3Cl
Clⓘ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Clⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Clⓘ ChlorargyriteAgCl
KPotassium
Kⓘ GoldschmidtiteKNbO3
Kⓘ DjerfisheriteK6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl
Kⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Kⓘ K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Kⓘ Muscovite var. FuchsiteK(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ PrideriteK(Ti74+Fe3+)O16
Kⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Kⓘ KhibinskiteK2ZrSi2O7
Kⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
Kⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Kⓘ PitiglianoiteNa6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O
Kⓘ NiterKNO3
Kⓘ UM1986-22-O:BaCeFeKTiV(K,Ba)3(Fe,V,Ce)3Ti14O32
Kⓘ AbernathyiteK(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Kⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Kⓘ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Kⓘ PhosphuranyliteKCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O
Kⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
CaCalcium
Caⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Caⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Omphacite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Calcite var. GlendoniteCaCO3
Caⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Caⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3
Caⓘ AragoniteCaCO3
Caⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Caⓘ Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ UM1975-10-O:CaFeMgTi~Ca2Ti2(Fe,Mg)2O9
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Caⓘ Gonnardite(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O
Caⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Caⓘ Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ Tazheranite(Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Caⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Caⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Caⓘ Oldhamite(Ca,Mg)S
Caⓘ Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Caⓘ MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Caⓘ Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Caⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Caⓘ Zirkelite(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
Caⓘ KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ Calcite var. Iceland SparCaCO3
Caⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ ArsenuranyliteCa(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 6H2O
Caⓘ MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Caⓘ PhosphuranyliteKCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O
Caⓘ AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Caⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Caⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Caⓘ ParauranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Caⓘ UranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
Caⓘ Allanite-(La){CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Caⓘ EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Caⓘ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Caⓘ StelleriteCa4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O
Caⓘ LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3
Caⓘ CebolliteCa5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Tiⓘ AnataseTiO2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ Högbomite(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ UM1975-10-O:CaFeMgTi~Ca2Ti2(Fe,Mg)2O9
Tiⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Tiⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Tiⓘ PrideriteK(Ti74+Fe3+)O16
Tiⓘ SrilankiteZrTi2O6
Tiⓘ Tazheranite(Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiⓘ FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Tiⓘ Zirkelite(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
Tiⓘ KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Tiⓘ UM1986-22-O:BaCeFeKTiV(K,Ba)3(Fe,V,Ce)3Ti14O32
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Tiⓘ BrookiteTiO2
Tiⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Tiⓘ Freudenbergite var. Ferrous freudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Tiⓘ MannarditeBa(Ti64+V23+)O16
Tiⓘ LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3
VVanadium
Vⓘ VanadinitePb5(VO4)3Cl
Vⓘ DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
Vⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Vⓘ UM1986-22-O:BaCeFeKTiV(K,Ba)3(Fe,V,Ce)3Ti14O32
Vⓘ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Vⓘ MannarditeBa(Ti64+V23+)O16
CrChromium
Crⓘ KnorringiteMg3Cr2(SiO4)3
Crⓘ CrocoitePbCr6+O4
Crⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Crⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Crⓘ UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Crⓘ DaubréeliteFe2+Cr23+S4
Crⓘ Muscovite var. FuchsiteK(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
Crⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Crⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
MnManganese
Mnⓘ Chloritoid(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
Mnⓘ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Mnⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Mnⓘ BrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
Mnⓘ Niningerite(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S
Mnⓘ AlabanditeMnS
Mnⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Mnⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Mnⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Mnⓘ FaheyiteBe2Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)4 · 6H2O
Mnⓘ PurpuriteMn3+(PO4)
Mnⓘ TriploiditeMn22+(PO4)(OH)
Mnⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
FeIron
Feⓘ Modderite(Co,Fe)As
Feⓘ Crowningshieldite(Ni0.9Fe0.10)S
Feⓘ DjerfisheriteK6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl
Feⓘ IsoferroplatinumPt3Fe
Feⓘ Periclase var. Ferropericlase(Mg,Fe)O
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ Bridgmanite(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Feⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Feⓘ Omphacite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Feⓘ Chloritoid(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
Feⓘ Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Feⓘ SarmientiteFe23+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Feⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Feⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite(Fe,Ni)S2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ UM1973-17-S:FeNi(Fe,Ni)9S11
Feⓘ UM1973-18-S:FeNi(Fe,Ni)9S11
Feⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Iron var. Kamacite(Fe,Ni)
Feⓘ Schreibersite(Fe,Ni)3P
Feⓘ Taenite(Fe,Ni)
Feⓘ DaubréeliteFe2+Cr23+S4
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Iron var. MartensiteFe
Feⓘ TroiliteFeS
Feⓘ WüstiteFeO
Feⓘ IronFe
Feⓘ Högbomite(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Feⓘ Grandidierite(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2
Feⓘ Werdingite(Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37
Feⓘ Siderite var. Mg-rich Siderite(Fe,Mg)CO3
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Feⓘ IsocubaniteCuFe2S3
Feⓘ Mackinawite(Fe,Ni)9S8
Feⓘ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ ClinoferrosiliteFe2+SiO3
Feⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Feⓘ UM1975-10-O:CaFeMgTi~Ca2Ti2(Fe,Mg)2O9
Feⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Feⓘ HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ VivianiteFe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Feⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Feⓘ PrideriteK(Ti74+Fe3+)O16
Feⓘ CoheniteFe3C
Feⓘ Niningerite(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S
Feⓘ Perryite(Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2
Feⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Feⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Feⓘ UM1986-22-O:BaCeFeKTiV(K,Ba)3(Fe,V,Ce)3Ti14O32
Feⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Feⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Feⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Feⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Feⓘ FaheyiteBe2Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)4 · 6H2O
Feⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Feⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
Feⓘ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Feⓘ PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
Feⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Feⓘ LöllingiteFeAs2
Feⓘ MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Feⓘ Allanite-(La){CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Feⓘ Freudenbergite var. Ferrous freudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ ViolariteFe2+Ni23+S4
Feⓘ TalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
CoCobalt
Coⓘ Modderite(Co,Fe)As
Coⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
NiNickel
Niⓘ Crowningshieldite(Ni0.9Fe0.10)S
Niⓘ ParkeriteNi3(Bi,Pb)2S2
Niⓘ DjerfisheriteK6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl
Niⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite(Fe,Ni)S2
Niⓘ UM1973-17-S:FeNi(Fe,Ni)9S11
Niⓘ UM1973-18-S:FeNi(Fe,Ni)9S11
Niⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Niⓘ Iron var. Kamacite(Fe,Ni)
Niⓘ Schreibersite(Fe,Ni)3P
Niⓘ Taenite(Fe,Ni)
Niⓘ Mackinawite(Fe,Ni)9S8
Niⓘ NickelineNiAs
Niⓘ MilleriteNiS
Niⓘ Lead-parkeriteNi3Pb2S2
Niⓘ HeazlewooditeNi3S2
Niⓘ Perryite(Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2
Niⓘ GersdorffiteNiAsS
Niⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Niⓘ VaesiteNiS2
Niⓘ ViolariteFe2+Ni23+S4
Niⓘ TalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
CuCopper
Cuⓘ DjerfisheriteK6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ CupriteCu2O
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ CopperCu
Cuⓘ DioptaseCuSiO3 · H2O
Cuⓘ IsocubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
Cuⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Cuⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Cuⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Cuⓘ MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Cuⓘ MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Cuⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Cuⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Cuⓘ ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Cuⓘ AuricuprideCu3Au
Cuⓘ TalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
ZnZinc
Znⓘ DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Znⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
AsArsenic
Asⓘ Modderite(Co,Fe)As
Asⓘ SarmientiteFe23+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Asⓘ SperrylitePtAs2
Asⓘ NickelineNiAs
Asⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Asⓘ AbernathyiteK(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Asⓘ ArsenuranyliteCa(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 6H2O
Asⓘ MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Asⓘ HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Asⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ GersdorffiteNiAsS
Asⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Asⓘ LöllingiteFeAs2
Asⓘ MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Asⓘ MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Asⓘ UranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
Asⓘ ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
SeSelenium
Seⓘ ClausthalitePbSe
SrStrontium
Srⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
YYttrium
Yⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Yⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Yⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Zrⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Zrⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Zrⓘ SrilankiteZrTi2O6
Zrⓘ Tazheranite(Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2
Zrⓘ ParakeldyshiteNa2ZrSi2O7
Zrⓘ KhibinskiteK2ZrSi2O7
Zrⓘ Zirkelite(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
Zrⓘ CatapleiiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Zrⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Zrⓘ LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ GoldschmidtiteKNbO3
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nbⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Nbⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Nbⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ IlsemanniteMo3O8 · nH2O
Moⓘ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
Moⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Moⓘ Iriginite(UO2)Mo2O7 · 3H2O
Moⓘ JordisiteMoS2
RuRuthenium
Ruⓘ Iridium var. Osmiridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ruⓘ Iridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ruⓘ LauriteRuS2
Ruⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Ruⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
RhRhodium
Rhⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Rhⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
PdPalladium
Pdⓘ StibiopalladinitePd5Sb2
Pdⓘ SudburyitePdSb
Pdⓘ BraggitePdPt3S4
Pdⓘ Frooditeα-PdBi2
AgSilver
Agⓘ Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Agⓘ SilverAg
Agⓘ ChlorargyriteAgCl
Agⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
SnTin
Snⓘ NiggliitePtSn
Snⓘ LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ InsizwaitePt(Bi,Sb)2
Sbⓘ StibiopalladinitePd5Sb2
Sbⓘ SudburyitePdSb
Sbⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
CsCaesium
Csⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Baⓘ UM1986-22-O:BaCeFeKTiV(K,Ba)3(Fe,V,Ce)3Ti14O32
Baⓘ MannarditeBa(Ti64+V23+)O16
LaLanthanum
Laⓘ Allanite-(La){CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
CeCerium
Ceⓘ UM1986-22-O:BaCeFeKTiV(K,Ba)3(Fe,V,Ce)3Ti14O32
Ceⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Taⓘ Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
Taⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Taⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
OsOsmium
Osⓘ Iridium var. Osmiridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Osⓘ Iridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Osⓘ ErlichmaniteOsS2
Osⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
IrIridium
Irⓘ Iridium var. Osmiridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Irⓘ Iridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Irⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Irⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
PtPlatinum
Ptⓘ InsizwaitePt(Bi,Sb)2
Ptⓘ NiggliitePtSn
Ptⓘ IsoferroplatinumPt3Fe
Ptⓘ SperrylitePtAs2
Ptⓘ CooperitePtS
Ptⓘ BraggitePdPt3S4
Ptⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
AuGold
Auⓘ GoldAu
Auⓘ AurihydrargyrumiteAu6Hg5
Auⓘ Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Auⓘ AuricuprideCu3Au
HgMercury
Hgⓘ AurihydrargyrumiteAu6Hg5
PbLead
Pbⓘ ParkeriteNi3(Bi,Pb)2S2
Pbⓘ CrocoitePbCr6+O4
Pbⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Pbⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Pbⓘ VanadinitePb5(VO4)3Cl
Pbⓘ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
Pbⓘ MassicotPbO
Pbⓘ DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
Pbⓘ Lead-parkeriteNi3Pb2S2
Pbⓘ CuritePb3(H2O)2[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2
Pbⓘ ClausthalitePbSe
BiBismuth
Biⓘ InsizwaitePt(Bi,Sb)2
Biⓘ ParkeriteNi3(Bi,Pb)2S2
Biⓘ BismocliteBiOCl
Biⓘ Frooditeα-PdBi2
Biⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Biⓘ BismuthBi
Biⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
ThThorium
Thⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Thⓘ Thorite var. OrangiteTh(SiO4)
Thⓘ ThorianiteThO2
Thⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
UUranium
Uⓘ UraniniteUO2
Uⓘ CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Uⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Uⓘ CuritePb3(H2O)2[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2
Uⓘ AbernathyiteK(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Uⓘ ArsenuranyliteCa(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 6H2O
Uⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Uⓘ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Uⓘ CoffiniteU(SiO4) · nH2O
Uⓘ MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Uⓘ HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Uⓘ PhosphuranyliteKCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O
Uⓘ SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2O
Uⓘ AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Uⓘ Iriginite(UO2)Mo2O7 · 3H2O
Uⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Uⓘ MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Uⓘ MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Uⓘ MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Uⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Uⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Uⓘ ParauranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Uⓘ UranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
Uⓘ Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)
Uⓘ ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O

Fossils

There are 663 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences3838
Youngest Fossil Listed0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed408 Ma (Early/Lower Devonian)
Stratigraphic UnitsClick here to view 80 stratigraphic units.
Fossils from RegionClick here to show the list.
Accepted NameHierarchy Age
Alabamina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Alabaminidae : Alabamina100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Bolivina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Bolivinitidae : Bolivina100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cibicides
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cibicididae : Cibicides100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gavelinella
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Gavelinellidae : Gavelinella100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gyroidinoides
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Gavelinellidae : Gyroidinoides100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hedbergella
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Hedbergellidae : Hedbergella100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lenticulina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : Lenticulina100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Marginulina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : Marginulina100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nodosaria
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Nodosariidae : Nodosaria100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Rugoglobigerina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Rugoglobigerinidae : Rugoglobigerina100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Spiroplecta
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Heterohelicidae : Spiroplecta100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Spiroplectammina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Lituolida : Spiroplectamminidae : Spiroplectammina100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Caryophyllia
genus		Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Caryophylliidae : Caryophyllia100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tentaculitida
order		Animalia : Lophotrochozoa : Tentaculitida407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Gastropoda
class		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Plectonotus
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Proserpinidae : Plectonotus407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Pseudomelania
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pseudomelaniidae : Pseudomelania140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Voluta
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Volutidae : Voluta5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Baculites
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Baculitidae : Baculites140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Neohoploceras
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Neocomitidae : Neohoploceras140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Bivalvia
class		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia407.6 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Nuculites
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Malletiidae : Nuculites407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Inoceramus
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : Inoceramus100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ostrea
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostraea5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Spondylus
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Spondylidae : Spondylus72.1 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiomorphida
order		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Modiomorphida407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Trigonia
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae : Trigonia140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Casterella
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Casterella268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Jacquesia
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Megadesmidae : Jacquesia268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Leinzia
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Leinzia268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Pyramus
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Megadesmidae : Pyramus268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Burmeisteria
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Phacopida : Homalonotidae : Burmeisteria407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Cirripedia
subclass		Animalia : Arthropoda : Maxillopoda : Cirripedia5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Ostracoda
class		Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Bairdia
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Bairdiidae : Bairdia100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cythere
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheridae : Cythere100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Bryozoa
phylum		Animalia : Bryozoa407.6 - 2.588 Ma
Phanerozoic
Brachiopoda
phylum		Animalia : Brachiopoda407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Notiochonetes
genus		Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Chonetidae : Notiochonetes407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Ambocoelia
genus		Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Ambocoeliidae : Ambocoelia393.3 - 358.9 Ma
Devonian
Australospirifer
genus		Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Hysterolitidae : Australospirifer407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Australocoelia
genus		Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Leptocoeliidae : Australocoelia407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Kraussina
genus		Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Kraussinidae : Kraussina5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Pleurothyrella
genus		Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Meganterididae : Pleurothyrella407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Ophiuroidea
class		Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea407.6 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Crinoidea
class		Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Ophiocrinus
genus		Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Ophiocrinus407.6 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Cradeocrinus
genus		Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Cradeocrinus393.3 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Cidaris
genus		Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroida : Cidaridae : Cidaris100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Chondrichthyes
class		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Lissodus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hybodontiformes : Lissodus251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Carcharodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Carcharodon5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Isurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Isurus100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Osteichthyes
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Temnospondyli
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli259.9 - 190.8 Ma
Phanerozoic
Reptilia
class		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Mesosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Mesosauridae : Mesosaurus290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Crocodylia
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia237 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Aves
class		Animalia : Chordata : Aves5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Rhinesuchidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhinesuchidae265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Rhinesuchus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhinesuchidae : Rhinesuchus265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Lydekkerina
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Lydekkerina259.9 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Kestrosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Mastodonsauridae : Kestrosaurus251.3 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Mastodonsauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Mastodonsauridae247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Siderops
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Chigutisauridae : Siderops201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Chigutisauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Chigutisauridae228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Owenetta
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Owenettidae : Owenetta254.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Procolophonidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae251.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Procolophon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Procolophon252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Bradysaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasauridae : Bradysaurus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Embrithosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasauridae : Embrithosaurus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pareiasaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasauridae : Pareiasaurus265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Millerettidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Millerettidae259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Millerosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Millerettidae : Millerosaurus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Mesosauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Mesosauridae290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Eunotosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eunotosaurus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Lacertilia
suborder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Lacertilia228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Plesiosauroidea
superfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauropterygia : Plesiosauroidea100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Prolacerta
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Prolacertidae : Prolacerta252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Archosauria
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Archosauria228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Thecodontia
order		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Thecodontia201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Proterosuchidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Proterosuchidae252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Garjainia
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Erythrosuchidae : Garjainia251.3 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Pterosauria
order		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Saurischia
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Theropoda
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Theropoda237 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Syntarsus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Syntarsus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Sauropodomorpha
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Sauropodomorpha228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Prosauropoda
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Prosauropoda237 - 174.1 Ma
Mesozoic
Anchisauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Anchisauridae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Massospondylus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Massospondylidae : Massospondylus228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Plateosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Plateosauridae : Plateosaurus228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Melanorosauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Melanorosauridae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Melanorosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Melanorosaurus228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Ornithischia
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Fabrosauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Fabrosauridae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Heterodontosauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Heterodontosauridae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Heterodontosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Heterodontosauridae : Heterodontosaurus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Lycorhinus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Heterodontosauridae : Lycorhinus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Therapsida
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Therapsida268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Dinocephalia
suborder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Dinocephalia265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Anteosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Anteosauridae : Anteosaurus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Titanosuchidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Titanosuchidae265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Jonkeria
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Titanosuchidae : Jonkeria265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Titanosuchus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Titanosuchidae : Titanosuchus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Tapinocephalia
infraorder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalia265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Moschops
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Moschops265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Keratocephalus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Keratocephalus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Mormosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Mormosaurus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Phocosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Phocosaurus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Struthiocephaloides
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Struthiocephaloides265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Struthiocephalus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Struthiocephalus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Dicynodontia
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Dicynodontia265.1 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Galeops
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Galeops259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Endothiodontidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Endothiodontidae268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Endothiodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Endothiodon259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Aulacephalodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Geikiidae : Aulacephalodon259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Dicynodontidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Dicynodontidae268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Dicynodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Dicynodon298.9 - 252.17 Ma
Paleozoic
Kannemeyeriidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Kannemeyeriidae247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Angonisaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Kannemeyeriidae : Angonisaurus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Kannemeyeria
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Kannemeyeria247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Shansiodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Shansiodontidae : Shansiodon247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Lystrosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Lystrosaurus265.1 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Oudenodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Oudenodontidae : Oudenodon265.1 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Tropidostoma
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Oudenodontidae : Tropidostoma259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Emydops
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Emydops272.3 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Cistecephalus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cistecephalidae : Cistecephalus298.9 - 252.17 Ma
Paleozoic
Robertia
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pylaecephalidae : Robertia265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Diictodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pylaecephalidae : Diictodon298.9 - 252.17 Ma
Paleozoic
Gorgonopsia
suborder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopsia265.1 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Gorgonopidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Aelurosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Aelurosaurus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Arctops
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Arctops259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Cyonosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Cyonosaurus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Rubidgea
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Rubidgea259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Therocephalia
order		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia265.1 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pristerognathidae265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Ictidosuchops
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ictidosuchidae : Ictidosuchops259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Regisaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Regisaurus252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Moschorhinus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Akidnognathidae : Moschorhinus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Scaloposauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scaloposauridae265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Tetracynodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Lycideopidae : Tetracynodon259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Cynodontia
family		Animalia : Chordata : Cynodontia247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Galesaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Galesauridae : Galesaurus252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Cynosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Galesauridae : Cynosaurus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Eucynodontia
infraorder		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Eucynodontia251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Cynognathus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cynognathus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Diademodontidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Diademodontidae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Diademodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Diademodon247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Trirachodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Trirachodontidae : Trirachodon252.17 - 242 Ma
Phanerozoic
Tritylodontidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Tritylodontidae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Tritylodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Tritylodontidae : Tritylodon228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Pachygenelus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tritheledontidae : Pachygenelus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Gruidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Gruidae0.781 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Megazostrodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Megazostrodon201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Galeopithecidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Galeopithecidae5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Canis
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Canis0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Leporidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Bovidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Rhinocerotidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Manis
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pholidota : Manidae : Manis0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Dinosauria
order		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria237 - 174.1 Ma
Mesozoic
Thyreophora
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Thyreophora201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Lycorhinus angustidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Heterodontosauridae : Lycorhinus : Lycorhinus angustidens201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Heterodontosaurus tucki
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Heterodontosauridae : Heterodontosaurus : Heterodontosaurus tucki201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Tetrapoda
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Tetrapoda252.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Crocodylomorpha
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Crocodylomorpha199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Gorgonops kaiseri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Gorgonops : Gorgonops kaiseri265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Asterotheca
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Marattiales : Asterothecaceae : Asterotheca268.8 - 242 Ma
Phanerozoic
Regisaurus jacobi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Regisaurus : Regisaurus jacobi252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Platyceratidae
family		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Platyceratidae407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Ceratodus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Sarcopterygii : Ceratodontiformes : Ceratodontidae : Ceratodus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Bellerophontidae
family		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Bellerophontidae407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Zamites
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Zamites140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Lycopsida
class		Plantae : Pteridophyta : Lycopsida237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pteridophyta
phylum		Plantae : Pteridophyta237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Melanorosaurus readi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Melanorosaurus : Melanorosaurus readi228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pseudosuchia
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Pseudosuchia228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pareiasaurus serridens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasauridae : Pareiasaurus : Pareiasaurus serridens265.1 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Pinus
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Pinaceae : Pinus201.3 - 174.1 Ma
Jurassic
Equisetum
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Equisetales : Equisetaceae : Equisetum265.1 - 201.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Tracheophyta
phylum		Plantae : Tracheophyta251.3 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Coelophysidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Coelophysidae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Coelophysis rhodesiensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Coelophysidae : Coelophysis : Coelophysis rhodesiensis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Blikanasaurus cromptoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Blikanasaurus : Blikanasaurus cromptoni228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Gymnospermopsida
class		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Gymnospermopsida237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Cladophlebis
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Osmundales : Osmundaceae : Cladophlebis290.1 - 136.4 Ma
Phanerozoic
Sphenopteris
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Lyginopteridaceae : Sphenopteris290.1 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Araucaria
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : Araucaria140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Taeniopteris
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Crossozamiaceae : Taeniopteris290.1 - 201.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Otozamites
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Otozamites201.3 - 136.4 Ma
Mesozoic
Weltrichia
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Williamsoniaceae : Weltrichia237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Cycadolepis
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadeoideaceae : Cycadolepis237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Meroktenos thabanensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Meroktenos : Meroktenos thabanensis237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Plateosauravus cullingworthi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Plateosauridae : Plateosauravus : Plateosauravus cullingworthi228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Massospondylus carinatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Massospondylidae : Massospondylus : Massospondylus carinatus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Basutodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Basutodon228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Basutodon ferox
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Basutodon : Basutodon ferox228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Eucnemesaurus fortis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Eucnemesaurus : Eucnemesaurus fortis228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Phthartus africanus
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Ephemeroptera : Ephemeridae : Phthartus : Phthartus africanus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Samaroblatta africanum
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattaria : Caloblattinidae : Samaroblatta : Samaroblatta africanum199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Protogryllus (Archaegryllodes) stormbergensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Protogryllidae : Protogryllus : Protogryllus (Archaegryllodes) stormbergensis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Theriodontia
order		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Theriodontia259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pachygenelus monus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tritheledontidae : Pachygenelus : Pachygenelus monus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Tritheledon riconoi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tritheledontidae : Tritheledon : Tritheledon riconoi201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Sphenosuchus acutus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sphenosuchus : Sphenosuchus acutus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Pedeticosaurus leviseuri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pedeticosaurus : Pedeticosaurus leviseuri199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Notochampsa longipes
species		Notochampsa longipes201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Pareiasauria
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasauria265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Bradysaurus baini
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Bradysaurus : Bradysaurus baini265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Anthodon serrarius
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Paranthodon : Anthodon serrarius259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Procolophon trigoniceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Procolophon : Procolophon trigoniceps252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Tapinocephalus atherstonii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalus : Tapinocephalus atherstonii265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Delphinognathus conocephalus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Delphinognathus : Delphinognathus conocephalus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Moschops capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Moschops : Moschops capensis265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Tamboeria maraisi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tamboeria : Tamboeria maraisi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Galechirus scholtzi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Galechirus : Galechirus scholtzi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Titanosuchus ferox
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Titanosuchidae : Titanosuchus : Titanosuchus ferox272.3 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Gorgonops whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Gorgonops : Gorgonops whaitsi265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Gorgonops torvus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Gorgonops : Gorgonops torvus265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Alopecodon priscus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Alopecodontidae : Alopecodon : Alopecodon priscus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Lycosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lycosaurus265.1 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Lycosaurus pardalis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lycosaurus : Lycosaurus pardalis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Eriphostoma
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eriphostoma265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Eriphostoma microdon
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eriphostoma : Eriphostoma microdon265.1 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Pardosuchus whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Alopecodontidae : Pardosuchus : Pardosuchus whaitsi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Scymnosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pristerognathidae : Scymnosaurus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Scymnosaurus ferox
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pristerognathidae : Scymnosaurus : Scymnosaurus ferox265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Glanosuchus macrops
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scylacosauridae : Glanosuchus : Glanosuchus macrops268.8 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Trochosaurus acutus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Trochosaurus : Trochosaurus acutus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Hyaenasuchus whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Lycosuchidae : Hyaenasuchus : Hyaenasuchus whaitsi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Scylacosaurus sclateri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Euchambersiidae : Scylacosaurus : Scylacosaurus sclateri265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathus platyrhinus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathus : Pristerognathus platyrhinus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Ictidognathus parvidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Ictidognathus : Ictidognathus parvidens259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ictidognathus hemburyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Ictidognathus : Ictidognathus hemburyi265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Scaloposaurus constrictus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Scaloposaurus : Scaloposaurus constrictus259.9 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Aloposaurus gracilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Aloposaurus : Aloposaurus gracilis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Aelurosaurus felinus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Aelurosaurus : Aelurosaurus felinus272.3 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Arctognathus curvimola
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Arctognathus : Arctognathus curvimola259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Cynosaurus suppostus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Galesauridae : Cynosaurus : Cynosaurus suppostus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Tigrisuchus simus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Tigrisuchus : Tigrisuchus simus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ictidosuchus primaevus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Ictidosuchus : Ictidosuchus primaevus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Endothiodon bathystoma
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Endothiodon : Endothiodon bathystoma265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerodon mackayi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon : Pristerodon mackayi265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerodon whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon : Pristerodon whaitsi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Prodicynodon pearstonensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Prodicynodon : Prodicynodon pearstonensis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Prodicynodon beaufortensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Prodicynodon : Prodicynodon beaufortensis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Cistecephalus microrhinus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cistecephalidae : Cistecephalus : Cistecephalus microrhinus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Kannemeyeria simocephala
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Kannemeyeria : Kannemeyeria simocephala247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Lystrosaurus curvatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Lystrosauridae : Lystrosaurus : Lystrosaurus curvatus252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Dicynodontoides recurvidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Kingoriidae : Dicynodontoides : Dicynodontoides recurvidens259.9 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Daptocephalus leoniceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Daptocephalus : Daptocephalus leoniceps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Diictodon feliceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pylaecephalidae : Diictodon : Diictodon feliceps272.3 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Galesaurus planiceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Galesauridae : Galesaurus : Galesaurus planiceps252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Nythosaurus browni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tritylodontidae : Nythosaurus : Nythosaurus browni247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Cynognathus crateronotus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cynognathus : Cynognathus crateronotus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Aelurosuchus browni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Aelurosuchus : Aelurosuchus browni247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Microgomphodon oligocynus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Nothogomphodontidae : Microgomphodon : Microgomphodon oligocynus251.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Cricodon kannemeyeri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Trirachodontidae : Cricodon : Cricodon kannemeyeri247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Trirachodon berryi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Trirachodontidae : Trirachodon : Trirachodon berryi247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Trirachodon minor
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Trirachodontidae : Trirachodon : Trirachodon minor247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Eunotosaurus africanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eunotosaurus : Eunotosaurus africanus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Archosauriformes
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Archosauriformes252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Dictyopteridium sporiferum
species		Dictyopteridium : Dictyopteridium sporiferum259.9 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Dictyopteridium flabellatum
species		Dictyopteridium : Dictyopteridium flabellatum254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Scopus gibbosus
species		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Scopus : Scopus gibbosus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Scopus confertus
species		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Scopus : Scopus confertus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Scopus didiscus
species		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Scopus : Scopus didiscus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Scopus obscurus
species		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Scopus : Scopus obscurus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Plumsteadia
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Dictyopteridiaceae : Plumsteadia259.9 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Fetura natalensis
species		Fetura : Fetura natalensis259.9 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Lesothosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Lesothosaurus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Lesothosaurus diagnosticus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Lesothosaurus : Lesothosaurus diagnosticus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Antetonitrus ingenipes
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Lessemsauridae : Antetonitrus : Antetonitrus ingenipes201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Panopea
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hiatellida : Hiatellidae : Panopea72.1 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Thetironia
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : Thetironia140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Chirotheriidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Chirotheriidae199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Chirotherium
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Chirotheriidae : Chirotherium199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Otozoum
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Otozoidae : Otozoum237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Carcharias
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Carcharias100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ptychoceratodus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ptychoceratodontidae : Ptychoceratodus251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Saurichthys
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Saurichthyidae : Saurichthys251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Abrictosaurus consors
species		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Heterodontosauridae : Abrictosaurus : Abrictosaurus consors201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator (Eubrontes)
subgenus		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes)237 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Suchia
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Suchia228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Actinopterygii
class		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Biarmosuchia
infraorder		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Biarmosuchia259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Eutherocephalia
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Eutherocephalia259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Grallator magnificus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator magnificus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Anchisauripus (Otouphepus) minor
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Anchisauripus (Otouphepus) minor199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Anomoepus scambus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Moyenisauropodidae : Anomoepus : Anomoepus scambus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Palaeopoda
infraorder		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Palaeopoda201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Clevosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Rhynchocephalia : Clevosauridae : Clevosaurus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Stormbergia
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Stormbergia201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Stormbergia dangershoeki
species		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Stormbergia : Stormbergia dangershoeki201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Coleoptera
order		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera254.17 - 190.8 Ma
Phanerozoic
Homoptera
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Lepidoptera : Homoptera254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Foraminifera
phylum		Chromista : Foraminifera100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Scylacoides ferox
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scylacoides : Scylacoides ferox265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Alopecognathus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pristerognathidae : Alopecognathus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Alopecognathus angusticeps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pristerognathidae : Alopecognathus : Alopecognathus angusticeps265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Trochosuchus major
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Trochosuchus : Trochosuchus major265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Youngina capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Younginidae : Youngina : Youngina capensis259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Protosuchus haughtoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Protosuchidae : Protosuchus : Protosuchus haughtoni201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Tetrasauropus unguiferus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Tetrasauropus : Tetrasauropus unguiferus237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Isognomon (Melina)
subgenus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Malleidae : Isognomon : Isognomon (Melina)5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Kalosauropus masitisii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Otozoidae : Kalosauropus : Kalosauropus masitisii201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Kalosauropus pollex
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Otozoidae : Kalosauropus : Kalosauropus pollex199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Oxyrhina
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Isuridae : Oxyrhina5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Pulvinulina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Pulvinulina100.5 - 2.588 Ma
Phanerozoic
Homo sapiens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Homo : Homo sapiens0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Anatini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Anatini0.781 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Anomalina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Anomalinidae : Anomalina100.5 - 2.588 Ma
Phanerozoic
Equus quagga
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus : Equus quagga0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Oudenodon bainii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Oudenodontidae : Oudenodon : Oudenodon bainii265.1 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Dicynodon lacerticeps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Dicynodon : Dicynodon lacerticeps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Camerata
subclass		Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Camerata407.6 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Lumkuia fuzzi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Lumkuiidae : Lumkuia : Lumkuia fuzzi247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Hipposaurus boonstrai
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ictidorhinidae : Hipposaurus : Hipposaurus boonstrai265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Lemurosaurus pricei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ictidorhinidae : Lemurosaurus : Lemurosaurus pricei298.9 - 252.17 Ma
Paleozoic
Euparkeria capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Euparkeriidae : Euparkeria : Euparkeria capensis247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Palaeoniscus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Palaeoniscidae : Palaeoniscus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Strataster
genus		Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea : Protasteridae : Strataster393.3 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Strataster ohioensis
species		Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea : Protasteridae : Strataster : Strataster ohioensis393.3 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Panthera pardus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Panthera : Panthera pardus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Herpestes ichneumon
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Herpestes : Herpestes ichneumon0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Bos taurus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bos : Bos taurus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Eocursor parvus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Heterodontosauridae : Eocursor : Eocursor parvus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Miliolina
suborder		Foraminferea : Miliolida : Miliolina100.5 - 2.588 Ma
Phanerozoic
Dracovenator regenti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Dracovenator : Dracovenator regenti201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Kombuisia frerensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Kingoriidae : Kombuisia : Kombuisia frerensis247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Burnetiamorpha
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Burnetiamorpha298.9 - 252.17 Ma
Paleozoic
Pachydectes elsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Burnetiidae : Pachydectes : Pachydectes elsi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Patranomodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Patranomodon268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Eodicynodon oelofseni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Eodicynodon : Eodicynodon oelofseni272.3 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Australosyodon nyaphuli
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Anteosauridae : Australosyodon : Australosyodon nyaphuli268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Naiadopsis lamellosus
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Modiomorphida : Modiomorphidae : Goniophora : Naiadopsis lamellosus268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Lydekkerina huxleyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Lydekkerina : Lydekkerina huxleyi252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Coletta seca
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Coletta : Coletta seca251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Orycteropus afer
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : Orycteropus afer0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Saurodektes rogersorum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Owenettidae : Saurodektes : Saurodektes rogersorum252.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Rhinesuchoides tenuiceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhinesuchidae : Rhinesuchoides : Rhinesuchoides tenuiceps265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Brachyopoidea
superfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Brachyopoidea201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Owenetta kitchingorum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Owenettidae : Owenetta : Owenetta kitchingorum252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Milleropsis pricei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Millerettidae : Milleropsis : Milleropsis pricei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Millerosaurus ornatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Millerettidae : Millerosaurus : Millerosaurus ornatus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Milleretta rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Millerettidae : Milleretta : Milleretta rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Millerinoides acutirostris
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Millerettidae : Millerinoides : Millerinoides acutirostris259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Kwazulusaurus shakai
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Kwazulusaurus : Kwazulusaurus shakai259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Lystrosaurus murrayi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Lystrosauridae : Lystrosaurus : Lystrosaurus murrayi259.9 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Lystrosaurus maccaigi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Lystrosauridae : Lystrosaurus : Lystrosaurus maccaigi259.9 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Lystrosaurus platyceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Lystrosaurus : Lystrosaurus platyceps252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Paraceltites bowdeni
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ceratitida : Paraceltitidae : Paraceltites : Paraceltites bowdeni272.3 - 268.8 Ma
Permian
Calamites
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Equisetales : Calamitaceae : Calamites251.3 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Encrinaster tischbeinianus
species		Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea : Encrinasteridae : Encrinaster : Encrinaster tischbeinianus393.3 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Peroniceras (Zuluiceras) rarum
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Peroniceras : Peroniceras (Zuluiceras) rarum89.3 - 85.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gauthiericeras obesum
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Collignoniceratidae : Gauthiericeras : Gauthiericeras obesum89.3 - 85.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gauthiericeras listeri
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Gauthiericeras : Gauthiericeras listeri89.3 - 85.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gauthiericeras album
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Gauthiericeras : Gauthiericeras album89.3 - 85.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gauthiericeras libertae
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Collignoniceratidae : Gauthiericeras : Gauthiericeras libertae89.3 - 85.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Umgazaniceras thieuloyi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Himantoceratidae : Umgazaniceras : Umgazaniceras thieuloyi140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Bochianites renevieri
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Bochianitidae : Bochianites : Bochianites renevieri140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Stereospondyli
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Stereospondyli228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Brachychirotherium thuringiacum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Chirotheriidae : Brachychirotherium : Brachychirotherium thuringiacum201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Phacochoerus aethiopicus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Phacochoerus : Phacochoerus aethiopicus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Tikoepentapodiscus fabri
species		Tikoepentapodiscus : Tikoepentapodiscus fabri252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Senqutrisauropus priscus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Anchisauridae : Senqutrisauropus : Senqutrisauropus priscus237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Grallator princeps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator princeps201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Anatrisauropus ginsburgi
species		Anatrisauropus : Anatrisauropus ginsburgi201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Seakatrisauropus unguiferus
species		Seakatrisauropus : Seakatrisauropus unguiferus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Seakatrisauropus divergens
species		Seakatrisauropus : Seakatrisauropus divergens201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Bosiutrisauropus phuthiatsani
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Bosiutrisauropus : Bosiutrisauropus phuthiatsani237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Paratrisauropus mendrezi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Paratrisauropus : Paratrisauropus mendrezi201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator graciosus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator graciosus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator angustidigitus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator angustidigitus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator rectilineus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator rectilineus237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Grallator crassidigitus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator crassidigitus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Pseudotetrasauropus bipedoida
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Pseudotetrasauropus : Pseudotetrasauropus bipedoida237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Paratetrasauropus seakensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Paratetrasauropus : Paratetrasauropus seakensis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Lavinipes jaquesi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Lavinipes : Lavinipes jaquesi237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Sauropodopus antiquus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Chirotheriidae : Sauropodopus : Sauropodopus antiquus237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Lacertoidopus sociabilis
species		Lacertoidopus : Lacertoidopus sociabilis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Batrachopodiscus tsanatalani
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Batrachopodiscus : Batrachopodiscus tsanatalani237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Thotobolosaurus mabeatae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Euskelesauridae : Thotobolosaurus : Thotobolosaurus mabeatae228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Grallator socialis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator socialis228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Mafatrisauropus errans
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Mafatrisauropus : Mafatrisauropus errans228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Trisauropodiscus aviforma
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruipeda : Trisauropodiscus aviforma228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pseudotrisauropus subengensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Thecodontosauridae : Pseudotrisauropus : Pseudotrisauropus subengensis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Comptichnus moorosi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Batrachopodidae : Batrachopus : Comptichnus moorosi228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pentasauropus incredibilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pentasauropus : Pentasauropus incredibilis237 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Trisauropodiscus galliforma
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruipeda : Trisauropodiscus galliforma201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Thecodontosaurus minimus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Anchisauridae : Thecodontosaurus : Thecodontosaurus minimus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Orthosuchus stormbergi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Notochampsidae : Orthosuchus : Orthosuchus stormbergi201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator deambulator
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator deambulator201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Anomoepus palmipes
species		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Moyenisauropodidae : Anomoepus : Anomoepus palmipes201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Episcopopus ventrosus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Episcopopus : Episcopopus ventrosus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Amphibiopodiscus saltator
species		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Amphibiopodiscus : Amphibiopodiscus saltator201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Eotetrapodiscus cursor
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Eotetrapodiscus : Eotetrapodiscus cursor201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Eotetrapodiscus moyenensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Eotetrapodiscus : Eotetrapodiscus moyenensis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Ameghinichnus mirabilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Ameghinichnidae : Ameghinichnus : Ameghinichnus mirabilis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Eopentapodiscus crassus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Eopentapodiscidae : Eopentapodiscus : Eopentapodiscus crassus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Sauroeidepus matsepensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauroeidepus : Sauroeidepus matsepensis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Plastisauropus ingens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Plastisauropus ingens201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Moyenisauropodiscus perdiciforma
species		Moyenisauropodiscus : Moyenisauropodiscus perdiciforma201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Masitisisauropezus minimus
species		Masitisisauropezus : Masitisisauropezus minimus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Trisauropodiscus superavipes
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruipeda : Trisauropodiscus superavipes201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Batrachopus tenuis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Batrachopodidae : Batrachopus : Batrachopus tenuis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Batrachopus rugosus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Batrachopodidae : Batrachopus : Batrachopus rugosus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Ameghinichnus fortis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Ameghinichnidae : Ameghinichnus : Ameghinichnus fortis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Estheria
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Estheria199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Conchostraca
unranked clade		Animalia : Arthropoda : Conchostraca201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator palustris
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator palustris199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Otouphepus declivis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Otouphepus declivis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Myopentapodiscus minusculus
species		Myopentapodiscus : Myopentapodiscus minusculus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Myopentapodiscus moorosii
species		Myopentapodiscus : Myopentapodiscus moorosii201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Apodidichnus leloalengensis
species		Apodidae : Apodidichnus : Apodidichnus leloalengensis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator leribeensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator leribeensis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator lambereshei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator lambereshei199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator lacunensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator lacunensis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Lehahichnus coquinaris
species		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Lehahichnus : Lehahichnus coquinaris199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Ameghinichnus acutus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Ameghinichnidae : Ameghinichnus : Ameghinichnus acutus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Francipentapodiscus crassus
species		Francipentapodiscus : Francipentapodiscus crassus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Francipentapodiscus medius
species		Francipentapodiscus : Francipentapodiscus medius199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Francipentapodiscus minusculus
species		Francipentapodiscus : Francipentapodiscus minusculus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Batrachopus pilosus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Batrachopodidae : Batrachopus : Batrachopus pilosus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Dipodiscus saltator
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Dipodiscus : Dipodiscus saltator199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Cridotrisauropus cruentus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Cridotrisauropus : Cridotrisauropus cruentus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Qomoqomosauropus acutus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Anchisauridae : Qomoqomosauropus : Qomoqomosauropus acutus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Kainomoyenisauropus ranivorus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Anchisauridae : Kainomoyenisauropus : Kainomoyenisauropus ranivorus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator moshoeshoei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator moshoeshoei199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator morijensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator morijensis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator damanei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator damanei199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator matsiengensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator matsiengensis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Sauroeidepus quthingensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauroeidepus : Sauroeidepus quthingensis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Batrachopodiscus quthingensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Batrachopodiscus : Batrachopodiscus quthingensis199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Sphenolepidium
genus		Sphenolepidium201.3 - 174.1 Ma
Jurassic
Batrachopodiscus curvus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Batrachopodiscus : Batrachopodiscus curvus237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Francipentapodiscus minor
species		Francipentapodiscus : Francipentapodiscus minor199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Pinus vulcaniamniensis
species		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Pinaceae : Pinus : Pinus vulcaniamniensis190.8 - 182.7 Ma
Early Jurassic
Homalonotidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Phacopida : Homalonotidae407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Calmoniidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Phacopida : Calmoniidae407.6 - 393.3 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian
Connochaetes gnou
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Connochaetes : Connochaetes gnou0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Hexapoda
superclass		Animalia : Arthropoda : Hexapoda259.9 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Permithone
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Neuroptera : Permithonidae : Permithone254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Permopsychops
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Neuroptera : Permithonidae : Permopsychops254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Archeosmylidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Neuroptera : Archeosmylidae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Archeosmylus
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Neuroptera : Archeosmylidae : Archeosmylus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Cladochoristidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Trichoptera : Cladochoristidae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Leontosaurus vanderhorsti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Leontosaurus : Leontosaurus vanderhorsti259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Saurorictus australis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Captorhinidae : Saurorictus : Saurorictus australis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Equisetites
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Equisetales : Equisetaceae : Equisetites201.3 - 174.1 Ma
Jurassic
Glycymeris pilosa
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris : Glycymeris pilosa5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Mecoptera
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Lepidoptera : Mecoptera237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Permochoristidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Permochoristidae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Prochoristella
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Mesopanorpodidae : Prochoristella254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Owenetta rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Owenettidae : Owenetta : Owenetta rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Nannochoristidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Nannochoristidae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Heleosaurus scholtzi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Varanopidae : Heleosaurus : Heleosaurus scholtzi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Prolacerta broomi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Prolacertidae : Prolacerta : Prolacerta broomi252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Pareiasuchus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasuchus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pareiasuchus peringueyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasuchus : Pareiasuchus peringueyi259.9 - 252.3 Ma
Permian
Pareiasuchus nasicornis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasuchus : Pareiasuchus nasicornis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Thelerpeton oppressus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Thelerpeton : Thelerpeton oppressus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Theledectes perforatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Theledectes : Theledectes perforatus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Thelephon contritus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Thelephon : Thelephon contritus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Teratophon spinigenis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Teratophon : Teratophon spinigenis247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Procolophoninae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Procolophoninae247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Noteosuchus colletti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Noteosuchus : Noteosuchus colletti252.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Mesosuchus browni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Rhynchosauria : Mesosuchus : Mesosuchus browni247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Sauropareion anoplus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Sauropareion : Sauropareion anoplus252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Spondylolestes rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Spondylolestes : Spondylolestes rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Lystrosaurus declivis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Lystrosaurus : Lystrosaurus declivis252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Burnetia mirabilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Burnetiidae : Burnetia : Burnetia mirabilis259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Lobalopex mordax
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Lobalopex : Lobalopex mordax259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Lophorhinus willodenensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Lophorhinus : Lophorhinus willodenensis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Charassognathus gracilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Charassognathidae : Charassognathus : Charassognathus gracilis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Elliotsmithia longiceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Varanopidae : Elliotsmithia : Elliotsmithia longiceps265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Howesia browni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Rhynchosauria : Howesiidae : Howesia : Howesia browni247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Procavia capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : Procavia : Procavia capensis0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Bradysaurus seeleyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasauridae : Bradysaurus : Bradysaurus seeleyi265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Paliguana whitei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Paliguana : Paliguana whitei252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Thrinaxodon liorhinus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Thrinaxodon : Thrinaxodon liorhinus252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Australothyris smithi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Australothyris : Australothyris smithi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Anningia megalops
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Varanopidae : Anningia : Anningia megalops265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Broomia perplexa
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Millerettidae : Broomia : Broomia perplexa265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Millerosaurus nuffieldi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Millerettidae : Millerosaurus : Millerosaurus nuffieldi259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Stereosternum tumidum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Mesosauridae : Stereosternum : Stereosternum tumidum290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Mesosaurus tenuidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Mesosauridae : Mesosaurus : Mesosaurus tenuidens290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Antidorcas marsupialis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Antidorcas : Antidorcas marsupialis0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Raphicerus campestris
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Raphicerus : Raphicerus campestris0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Alcelaphus buselaphus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : Alcelaphus buselaphus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Redunca arundinum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Redunca : Redunca arundinum0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Pelea capreolus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Pelea : Pelea capreolus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Syncerus caffer
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Syncerus : Syncerus caffer0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Batrachosuchus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Brachyopidae : Batrachosuchus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Batrachosuchus browni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Brachyopidae : Batrachosuchus : Batrachosuchus browni247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Ignotala
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Ignotalidae : Ignotala254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Permonka
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Miomoptera : Permosialidae : Permonka254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Cristellaria
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Lagenidae : Cristellaria100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Haughtonaster reedi
species		Animalia : Echinodermata : Stenuroidea : Eophiuridae : Haughtonaster : Haughtonaster reedi407.6 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Marginura hilleri
species		Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea : Encrinasteridae : Marginura : Marginura hilleri407.6 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Strataster stuckenbergi
species		Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea : Oegophiurida : Protasteridae : Strataster : Strataster stuckenbergi393.3 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Kitchingnathus untabeni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Kitchingnathus : Kitchingnathus untabeni251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Glossopteris
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Rigbyaceae : Glossopteris290.1 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Arberia
genus		Arberia290.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Umkomasia
genus		Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Peltaspermopsida : Peltaspermales : Umkomasiaceae : Umkomasia237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Peltaspermum
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Peltaspermaceae : Peltaspermum237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Antevsia
genus		Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Peltaspermopsida : Peltaspermales : Peltaspermaceae : Antevsia237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Lepidopteris
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Peltaspermaceae : Lepidopteris251.3 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Scytophyllum
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Peltaspermaceae : Scytophyllum237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Sphenobaiera
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Ginkgoopsida : Ginkgoales : Karkeniaceae : Sphenobaiera251.3 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pteruchus
genus		Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Peltaspermopsida : Peltaspermales : Umkomasiaceae : Pteruchus237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Dicroidium
genus		Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Peltaspermopsida : Peltaspermales : Umkomasiaceae : Dicroidium251.3 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Arberiales
order		Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Arberiopsida : Arberiales279.3 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Androstrobus
genus		Plantae : Cycadophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Beaniaceae : Androstrobus237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Samaropsis
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Cordaitaceae : Samaropsis290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Pecopteris
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Marattiales : Asterothecaceae : Pecopteris290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Aardonyx celestae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Aardonyx : Aardonyx celestae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Aonyx capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : Aonyx capensis0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Galesphyrus capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Galesphyridae : Galesphyrus : Galesphyrus capensis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Erythrosuchus africanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Erythrosuchidae : Erythrosuchus : Erythrosuchus africanus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Lanthanostegus mohoii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Lanthanostegus : Lanthanostegus mohoii265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Scylacosauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scylacosauridae265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Ictidosaurus angusticeps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ictidosaurus : Ictidosaurus angusticeps268.8 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Eodicynodon oosthuizeni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Eodicynodon : Eodicynodon oosthuizeni272.3 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Lonchorhynchinae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Trematosauridae : Lonchorhynchinae252.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Paracyclotosaurus morganorum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Capitosauridae : Paracyclotosaurus : Paracyclotosaurus morganorum247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Jammerbergia formops
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Mastodonsauridae : Jammerbergia : Jammerbergia formops247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Vanastega plurimidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Brachyopidae : Vanastega : Vanastega plurimidens247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Xenotosuchus africanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Mastodonsauridae : Xenotosuchus : Xenotosuchus africanus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Nilsonia
genus		Plantae : Cycadophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Nilsonia251.3 - 136.4 Ma
Mesozoic
Blattodea
order		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea237 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Geinitziidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Geinitziidae237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Progalesaurus lootbergensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Galesauridae : Progalesaurus : Progalesaurus lootbergensis252.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Platycraniellus elegans
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Platycraniellus : Platycraniellus elegans252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Kannemeyeriiformes
order		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Kannemeyeriiformes247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Litargosuchus leptorhynchus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Litargosuchus : Litargosuchus leptorhynchus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Langbergia modisei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Trirachodontidae : Langbergia : Langbergia modisei251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Diarthrognathus broomi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Tritheledontidae : Diarthrognathus : Diarthrognathus broomi201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Diademodon tetragonus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Diademodon : Diademodon tetragonus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Ignavusaurus rachelis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ignavusaurus : Ignavusaurus rachelis201.3 - 199.3 Ma
Early Jurassic
Tetracynodon darti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Lycideopidae : Tetracynodon : Tetracynodon darti252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Olivierosuchus parringtoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Akidnognathidae : Olivierosuchus : Olivierosuchus parringtoni252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Bauria robusta
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Bauriidae : Bauria : Bauria robusta247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Australochelys africanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Australochelys : Australochelys africanus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Bauria cynops
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Bauriidae : Bauria : Bauria cynops251.3 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Meganisoptera
order		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Meganisoptera237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Haglidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Haglidae237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Fletchitzia
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Geinitziidae : Fletchitzia237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Shurabia aleda
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Reculida : Geinitziidae : Shurabia : Shurabia aleda237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Shurabia kapokkraalensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Reculida : Geinitziidae : Shurabia : Shurabia kapokkraalensis237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Fletchitzia picturata
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Geinitziidae : Fletchitzia : Fletchitzia picturata237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tritylodon longaevus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Tritylodontidae : Tritylodon : Tritylodon longaevus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Bolotridon frerensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Bolotridon : Bolotridon frerensis247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Cricodon metabolus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Trirachodontidae : Cricodon : Cricodon metabolus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Megazostrodon rudnerae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Megazostrodon : Megazostrodon rudnerae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Myosaurus gracilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Emydopidae : Myosaurus : Myosaurus gracilis252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Moschorhinus kitchingi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Akidnognathidae : Moschorhinus : Moschorhinus kitchingi298.9 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Elliotherium kersteni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tritheledontidae : Elliotherium : Elliotherium kersteni228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Phonodus dutoitorum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procolophonidae : Phonodus : Phonodus dutoitorum252.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Scalenodontoides macrodontes
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Traversodontidae : Scalenodontoides : Scalenodontoides macrodontes228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pattsia likhoelensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Tritheledontidae : Pattsia : Pattsia likhoelensis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Triassoneura andersoni
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Triassolestidae : Triassoneura : Triassoneura andersoni237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Anomocephalus africanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Anomocephalus : Anomocephalus africanus272.3 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Tritylodontoides maximus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Tritylodontidae : Tritylodontoides : Tritylodontoides maximus199.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Archizygoptera
suborder		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Archizygoptera254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Grylloblattodea
order		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Permomerope natalensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Protomeropidae : Permomerope : Permomerope natalensis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Afroperla permiana
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Palaeonemouridae : Afroperla : Afroperla permiana254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Proterosuchus fergusi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Proterosuchidae : Proterosuchus : Proterosuchus fergusi252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Permaeschnidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Permaeschnidae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Afrotriassothemis regularis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Triassolestidae : Afrotriassothemis : Afrotriassothemis regularis237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Afrotriassothemis heidiae
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Triassolestidae : Afrotriassothemis : Afrotriassothemis heidiae237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Arcusaurus pereirabdalorum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Arcusaurus : Arcusaurus pereirabdalorum201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Massospondylus kaalae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Massospondylidae : Massospondylus : Massospondylus kaalae201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Mesochorista australica
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Permochoristidae : Mesochorista : Mesochorista australica254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Triassoblatta
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Triassoblattidae : Triassoblatta237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Samaroblatta
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Mesoblattinidae : Samaroblatta237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gryllacrimima
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Proparagryllacrididae : Gryllacrimima237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Proparagryllacrididae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Proparagryllacrididae237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Epimastax hesterae
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Miomoptera : Permosialidae : Epimastax : Epimastax hesterae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Emydops oweni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Emydops : Emydops oweni259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Moltenia rieki
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Xyelidae : Moltenia : Moltenia rieki237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Voliopus margueritae
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Haglidae : Voliopus : Voliopus margueritae237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Dordrechtia
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Proparagryllacrididae : Dordrechtia237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Dordrechtia aasvoelbergensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Proparagryllacrididae : Dordrechtia : Dordrechtia aasvoelbergensis237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gryllacrimima johnski
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Proparagryllacrididae : Gryllacrimima : Gryllacrimima johnski237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Lutheria dewetii
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Xenopteridae : Lutheria : Lutheria dewetii237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Afrohagla
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Haglidae : Afrohagla237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Permagrionidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Permagrionidae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Afrohagla contorta
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Haglidae : Afrohagla : Afrohagla contorta237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Mesorthopteron similis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Mesorthopteridae : Mesorthopteron : Mesorthopteron similis237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Triassoblatta natalensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Triassoblattidae : Triassoblatta : Triassoblatta natalensis237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Triassoblatta robusta
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Triassoblattidae : Triassoblatta : Triassoblatta robusta237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Prosbolomorpha clara
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Dunstaniidae : Prosbolomorpha : Prosbolomorpha clara237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tennentsia protuberans
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Dysmorphoptilidae : Tennentsia : Tennentsia protuberans237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Protopsyllidiidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Protopsyllidiidae237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Euchauliodes distinctus
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Megaloptera : Euchauliodidae : Euchauliodes : Euchauliodes distinctus237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Afristella delicatula
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Mesopanorpodidae : Afristella : Afristella delicatula237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Moltenocupes townrowi
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Cupedidae : Moltenocupes : Moltenocupes townrowi237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ademosyne speciosa
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protocoleoptera : Ademosynidae : Ademosyne : Ademosyne speciosa237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ademosyne prisca
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protocoleoptera : Ademosynidae : Ademosyne : Ademosyne prisca237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Umkomaasia depressa
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protocoleoptera : Permosynidae : Umkomaasia : Umkomaasia depressa237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pseudosilphites natalensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Silphidae : Pseudosilphites : Pseudosilphites natalensis237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Litophlebia optata
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Litophlebiidae : Litophlebia : Litophlebia optata237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Triassologus biseriatus
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Triassologus : Triassologus biseriatus237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Euxenoperla
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Euxenoperlidae : Euxenoperla254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Euxenoperla clara
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Euxenoperlidae : Euxenoperla : Euxenoperla clara237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Triassoblatta simplex
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Triassoblattidae : Triassoblatta : Triassoblatta simplex237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Samaroblatta parvula
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Mesoblattinidae : Samaroblatta : Samaroblatta parvula237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Samaroblattella revelata
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Spiloblattinidae : Samaroblattella : Samaroblattella revelata237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Dordrechtia robusta
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Proparagryllacrididae : Dordrechtia : Dordrechtia robusta237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Triassogereon distinctum
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Mesogereonidae : Triassogereon : Triassogereon distinctum237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Fletcheriana magna
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Dunstaniidae : Fletcheriana : Fletcheriana magna237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Dunstania petrophila
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Dunstaniidae : Dunstania : Dunstania petrophila237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Leptoprosbole lepida
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Tettigarctidae : Leptoprosbole : Leptoprosbole lepida237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Scytinoptera distorta
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Scytinopteridae : Scytinoptera : Scytinoptera distorta237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Mesoses optata
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Lepidoptera : Mesoses : Mesoses optata237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Mesoses magna
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Lepidoptera : Mesoses : Mesoses magna237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ademosyne reducta
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protocoleoptera : Ademosynidae : Ademosyne : Ademosyne reducta237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Aulacocephalus pithecops
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Robertiidae : Aulacocephalus : Aulacocephalus pithecops259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Emydops arctatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Emydops : Emydops arctatus272.3 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Palaeomantis
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mantodea : Mantidae : Palaeomantis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Basilodon woodwardi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Basilodon : Basilodon woodwardi259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Permocicada
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Prosbolidae : Permocicada254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Palemydops platysoma
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Emydopidae : Palemydops : Palemydops platysoma259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Emyduranus platyops
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodontidae : Emyduranus : Emyduranus platyops259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Emydorhinus sciuroides
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Emydorhinus : Emydorhinus sciuroides259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Proterosuchus alexanderi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Proterosuchidae : Proterosuchus : Proterosuchus alexanderi252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Eoblattida
order		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Eoblattida237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Afrochoristella maclachlani
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Nannochoristidae : Afrochoristella : Afrochoristella maclachlani279.3 - 272.3 Ma
Permian
Sharovia permiafricana
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Liomopteridae : Sharovia : Sharovia permiafricana279.3 - 272.3 Ma
Permian
Dicynodontoidea
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Dicynodontoidea259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerodon agilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon : Pristerodon agilis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Microposaurus casei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Trematosauridae : Microposaurus : Microposaurus casei247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Palaeagama vielhaueri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Palaeagama : Palaeagama vielhaueri254.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Saurosternon bainii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Saurosternon : Saurosternon bainii259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Theromorpha
subclass		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Theromorpha228 - 190.8 Ma
Mesozoic
Permophilidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Permophilidae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Pachyblastus dicki
species		Animalia : Echinodermata : Fissiculata : Pachyblastus : Pachyblastus dicki407.6 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Sacrinus
genus		Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Rutkowskicrinidae : Sacrinus407.6 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Bidentalia
family		Animalia : Chordata : Bidentalia259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Brachyschisma oostheizeni
species		Animalia : Echinodermata : Fissiculata : Brachyschismatidae : Brachyschisma : Brachyschisma oostheizeni407.6 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Mioloptera stuckenbergi
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Liomopteridae : Mioloptera : Mioloptera stuckenbergi254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Liomoptoides similis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Liomoptoides : Liomoptoides similis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Liomopterina clara
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Megakhosaridae : Liomopterina : Liomopterina clara254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Permonka bifida
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Miomoptera : Permosialidae : Permonka : Permonka bifida254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Euxenoperla simplex
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Euxenoperlidae : Euxenoperla : Euxenoperla simplex254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Euxenoperla similis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Euxenoperlidae : Euxenoperla : Euxenoperla similis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Ignotala mirifica
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Ignotalidae : Ignotala : Ignotala mirifica254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Megoniella multinerva
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Ignotalidae : Megoniella : Megoniella multinerva254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Austroprosboloides vandijki
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Dunstaniidae : Austroprosboloides : Austroprosboloides vandijki254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Eoscartarellidae
family		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Eoscartarellidae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Dysmorphoscartella lobata
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Eoscarterellidae : Dysmorphoscartella : Dysmorphoscartella lobata254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Redactineura acuminata
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Redactineura : Redactineura acuminata254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Agetopanorpa similis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Permochoristidae : Agetopanorpa : Agetopanorpa similis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Aleuronympha bibulla
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Aleuronympha : Aleuronympha bibulla254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Karoohymen delicatulus
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Megasecoptera : Scytohymenidae : Karoohymen : Karoohymen delicatulus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Mioloptoides andrei
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Liomopteridae : Mioloptoides : Mioloptoides andrei254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Miolopterina tenuipennis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Megakhosaridae : Miolopterina : Miolopterina tenuipennis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Paolekia perditae
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protorthoptera : Paoliidae : Paolekia : Paolekia perditae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Protettavus exilis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Eolocustopsidae : Protettavus : Protettavus exilis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Eolocustopsis primitiva
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Eolocustopsidae : Eolocustopsis : Eolocustopsis primitiva254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Euxenoperla oliveri
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Euxenoperlidae : Euxenoperla : Euxenoperla oliveri254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Euxenoperlella jacquesi
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Euxenoperlidae : Euxenoperlella : Euxenoperlella jacquesi254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Phyllelytron acuminatum
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Dermaptera : Phyllelytron : Phyllelytron acuminatum254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Perissovena heidiae
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Pereboriidae : Perissovena : Perissovena heidiae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Orthoscytina dubitata
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Prosbolidae : Orthoscytina : Orthoscytina dubitata254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Beaufortiscus
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Prosbolidae : Beaufortiscus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Beaufortiscus dixi
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Prosbolidae : Beaufortiscus : Beaufortiscus dixi254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Neurobole ramosa
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Prosbolidae : Neurobole : Neurobole ramosa254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Protopsyllidium lynae
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Protopsyllidiidae : Protopsyllidium : Protopsyllidium lynae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Prochoristella channingi
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Mesopsychidae : Prochoristella : Prochoristella channingi254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Prochoristella hartmani
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Mesopanorpodidae : Prochoristella : Prochoristella hartmani254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Sismerobius pusillus
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Neuroptera : Permithonidae : Sismerobius : Sismerobius pusillus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Karoohymen minutus
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Megasecoptera : Scytohymenidae : Karoohymen : Karoohymen minutus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Permocicada thompsoni
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Prosbolidae : Permocicada : Permocicada thompsoni254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Stenotegmocicada triclades
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Prosbolidae : Stenotegmocicada : Stenotegmocicada triclades254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Afrostenovicia reidae
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Ipsviciidae : Afrostenovicia : Afrostenovicia reidae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Callietheira granthami
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Permochoristidae : Callietheira : Callietheira granthami254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Prochoristella balgowanensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Mesopanorpodidae : Prochoristella : Prochoristella balgowanensis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Prochoristella bulwerensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Mesopanorpodidae : Prochoristella : Prochoristella bulwerensis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Neochoristella goodalli
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Nannochoristidae : Neochoristella : Neochoristella goodalli254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Struthio camelus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Struthionidae : Struthio : Struthio camelus0.781 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Felis lybica
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Felis : Felis lybica0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Caracal caracal
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Caracal : Caracal caracal0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Colobodectes cluveri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Colobodectes : Colobodectes cluveri259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerodon mirus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon : Pristerodon mirus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Taurotragus oryx
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Taurotragus : Taurotragus oryx0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Atilax paludinosus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Atilax : Atilax paludinosus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Cynictis penicillata
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Cynictis : Cynictis penicillata0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Rhombocoleites danutae
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Rhombocoleidae : Rhombocoleites : Rhombocoleites danutae254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Taldycupes africanus
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protocoleoptera : Taldycupidae : Taldycupes : Taldycupes africanus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Taldycupes lidgettoniensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protocoleoptera : Taldycupidae : Taldycupes : Taldycupes lidgettoniensis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Palademosyne natalensis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protocoleoptera : Permosynidae : Palademosyne : Palademosyne natalensis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Permosyne elongata
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protocoleoptera : Permosynidae : Permosyne : Permosyne elongata254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Oreotragus oreotragus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Oreotragus : Oreotragus oreotragus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Redunca fulvorufula
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Redunca : Redunca fulvorufula0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Yerbua capensis
species		Yerbua : Yerbua capensis0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Hystrix africaeaustralis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : Hystrix : Hystrix africaeaustralis0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Vulpes chama
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Vulpes : Vulpes chama0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Damaliscus dorcas
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damaliscus : Damaliscus dorcas0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Equus quagga burchelli
subspecies		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus : Equus quagga burchelli0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Namaichthys sculptus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Palaeonisciformes : Acrolepidae : Namaichthys : Namaichthys sculptus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Palaeoniscus capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Palaeoniscidae : Palaeoniscus : Palaeoniscus capensis290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Elonichthys whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Palaeonisciformes : Elonichthyidae : Elonichthys : Elonichthys whaitsi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Thabanchuia oomie
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Tupilakosauridae : Thabanchuia : Thabanchuia oomie252.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Cleithrolepis extoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Perleidiformes : Perleididae : Cleithrolepis : Cleithrolepis extoni237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pegomastax africanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Heterodontosauridae : Pegomastax : Pegomastax africanus201.3 - 199.3 Ma
Early Jurassic
Dicynodontoides
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Kingoriidae : Dicynodontoides298.9 - 252.17 Ma
Paleozoic
Emydops haughtoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Emydops : Emydops haughtoni259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Cryptocynodon schroederi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cryptocynodon : Cryptocynodon schroederi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Sphenophyllum
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Sphenophyllaceae : Sphenophyllum290.1 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Haplostigma
genus		Plantae : Pteridophyta : Haplostigma393.3 - 272.3 Ma
Paleozoic
Archaeosigillaria
genus		Plantae : Lycopodiophyta : Archaeosigillaria393.3 - 358.9 Ma
Devonian
Praeramunculus
genus		Progymnospermopsida : Praeramunculus393.3 - 358.9 Ma
Devonian
Dutoitia
genus		Plantae : Dutoitia393.3 - 358.9 Ma
Devonian
Leptophloeum
genus		Plantae : Lycopodiophyta : Leptophloeum290.1 - 272.3 Ma
Permian
Watsonisuchus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Watsonisuchus252.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Watsonisuchus magnus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Watsonisuchus : Watsonisuchus magnus251.3 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Bathignathus watsoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Brachyopidae : Bathignathus : Bathignathus watsoni247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Laidleria gracilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Laidleria : Laidleria gracilis247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Pneumatostega potamia
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhytidosteidae : Pneumatostega : Pneumatostega potamia252.17 - 251.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Rhytidosteus capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhytidosteidae : Rhytidosteus : Rhytidosteus capensis252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Kestrosaurus dreyeri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Mastodonsauridae : Kestrosaurus : Kestrosaurus dreyeri251.3 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Micropholis stowi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Amphibamidae : Micropholis : Micropholis stowi252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Uranocentrodon senekalensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhinesuchidae : Uranocentrodon : Uranocentrodon senekalensis259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Permoxenopterum laticostum
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Xenopteridae : Permoxenopterum : Permoxenopterum laticostum254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Mandelacrinus
genus		Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Periechocrinidae : Mandelacrinus407.6 - 387.7 Ma
Devonian
Phoenicopsis
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Czekanowskiaceae : Phoenicopsis201.3 - 174.1 Ma
Jurassic
Atherstonia
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Palaeoniscidae : Atherstonia265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pteridopsida
class		Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida237 - 136.4 Ma
Mesozoic
Vertebraria
genus		Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Arberiopsida : Arberiales : Vertebraria254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Vertebraria indica
species		Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Arberiopsida : Arberiales : Vertebraria : Vertebraria indica254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Alisporites
genus		Plantae : Alisporites254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Eolydekkerina magna
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Eolydekkerina : Eolydekkerina magna252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Broomistega putterilli
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhinesuchidae : Broomistega : Broomistega putterilli252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Trematosuchus sobeyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Trematosauridae : Trematosuchus : Trematosuchus sobeyi251.3 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Rhinesuchus whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhinesuchidae : Rhinesuchus : Rhinesuchus whaitsi265.1 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Rhinesuchoides capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhinesuchidae : Rhinesuchoides : Rhinesuchoides capensis265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Laccosaurus watsoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Rhinesuchidae : Laccosaurus : Laccosaurus watsoni259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Leptophloeum australe
species		Plantae : Lycopodiophyta : Leptophloeum : Leptophloeum australe393.3 - 358.9 Ma
Devonian
Bathignathus poikilops
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Brachyopidae : Bathignathus : Bathignathus poikilops251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Sysphinctostoma smithi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Galesauridae : Sysphinctostoma : Sysphinctostoma smithi247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Kestrosaurus kitchingi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Mastodonsauridae : Kestrosaurus : Kestrosaurus kitchingi251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Choerosaurus dejageri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lycideopsidae : Choerosaurus : Choerosaurus dejageri272.3 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Lycideops longiceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Lycideopidae : Lycideops : Lycideops longiceps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Tetracynodon tenuis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Lycideopidae : Tetracynodon : Tetracynodon tenuis259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Raniganjia
genus		Raniganjia272.3 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Phyllotheca
genus		Plantae : Pteridophyta : Phyllotheca259.9 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Afroedischia oosthuizeni
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Oedischiidae : Afroedischia : Afroedischia oosthuizeni265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Triassaraneus andersonorum
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Araneae : Triassaraneus : Triassaraneus andersonorum237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Skolekichnus coprophagus
species		Animalia : Annelida : Skolekichnus : Skolekichnus coprophagus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator mokanametsongensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator mokanametsongensis201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator rapidus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator rapidus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Grallator digitigradus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Eubrontidae : Grallator (Eubrontes) : Grallator digitigradus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Masitisisauropus angustus
species		Masitisisauropus : Masitisisauropus angustus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Masitisisauropus exiguus
species		Masitisisauropus : Masitisisauropus exiguus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Anomoepus minutus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Moyenisauropodidae : Anomoepus : Anomoepus minutus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Anomoepus turda
species		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Moyenisauropodidae : Anomoepus : Anomoepus turda201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Anomoepus fringilla
species		Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Moyenisauropodidae : Anomoepus : Anomoepus fringilla201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Synaptichnium motutongense
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Synaptichniidae : Synaptichnium : Synaptichnium motutongense201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Batrachopus bakoenaorum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Batrachopodidae : Batrachopus : Batrachopus bakoenaorum201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Neotrisauropus minor
species		Neotrisauropus : Neotrisauropus minor201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Entodipodiscus priscus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Dipodiscidae : Entodipodiscus : Entodipodiscus priscus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Paraeopentapodiscus intentus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Paraeopentapodiscidae : Paraeopentapodiscus : Paraeopentapodiscus intentus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Paraeopentapodiscus parvus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Paraeopentapodiscidae : Paraeopentapodiscus : Paraeopentapodiscus parvus201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Eopentapodiscus major
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Eopentapodiscidae : Eopentapodiscus : Eopentapodiscus major201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Trisaurodactylus superavipes
species		Trisaurodactylus : Trisaurodactylus superavipes201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Malutitetrapodiscus saltator
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Malutitetrapodiscus : Malutitetrapodiscus saltator190.8 - 182.7 Ma
Early Jurassic
Malutitetrapodiscus tenuis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Malutitetrapodiscus : Malutitetrapodiscus tenuis190.8 - 182.7 Ma
Early Jurassic
Malutitetrapodiscus minimus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Malutitetrapodiscus : Malutitetrapodiscus minimus190.8 - 182.7 Ma
Early Jurassic
Chordasporites
genus		Chordasporites254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Protohaploxypinus
genus		Protohaploxypinus254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Striatopodocarpites
genus		Striatopodocarpites254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Muscites
genus		Plantae : Bryophyta : Bryopsida : Muscites237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Ginkgoites
genus		Plantae : Ginkgophyta : Ginkgoopsida : Ginkgoales : Ginkgoites251.3 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pseudoctenis
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Pseudoctenis251.3 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Dictyozamites
genus		Dictyozamites140.2 - 136.4 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Liomopterites ulterior
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Liomopteridae : Liomopterites : Liomopterites ulterior254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Liomopterites meridionalis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Liomopteridae : Liomopterites : Liomopterites meridionalis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Normandienoptera serotina
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Skaliciidae : Normandienoptera : Normandienoptera serotina254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Afrogrylloblattus disputabilis
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Skaliciidae : Afrogrylloblattus : Afrogrylloblattus disputabilis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Schizoneura
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Equisetales : Schizoneura290.1 - 251.3 Ma
Phanerozoic
Pagiophyllum
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : Pagiophyllum259.9 - 228 Ma
Phanerozoic
Brachyprosopus broomi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Brachyprosopus : Brachyprosopus broomi268.8 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Keyseria benjamini
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cryptodontidae : Keyseria : Keyseria benjamini259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Dinanomodon gilli
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Dinanomodon : Dinanomodon gilli259.9 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Aulacephalodon bainii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Geikiidae : Aulacephalodon : Aulacephalodon bainii259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Exogyra overwegi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Exogyra : Exogyra overwegi72.1 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Palacrodon browni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Rhynchocephalia : Sphenodontidae : Palacrodon : Palacrodon browni251.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Aenigmasaurus grallator
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Aenigmasaurus : Aenigmasaurus grallator252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Paraburnetia sneeubergensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Burnetiidae : Paraburnetia : Paraburnetia sneeubergensis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Sefapanosaurus zastronensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Sefapanosaurus : Sefapanosaurus zastronensis228 - 199.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Eohyosaurus wolvaardti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Rhynchosauria : Eohyosaurus : Eohyosaurus wolvaardti247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Cerdorhinus rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Cerdorhinus : Cerdorhinus rubidgei259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Kannemeyeria wilsoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Kannemeyeria : Kannemeyeria wilsoni252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Pristerodon platyceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon : Pristerodon platyceps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Procynosuchus delaharpeae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procynosuchidae : Procynosuchus : Procynosuchus delaharpeae298.9 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Digalodon rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Digalodon : Digalodon rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Pumiliopareia pricei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pumiliopareia : Pumiliopareia pricei259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Nanoparia luckhoffi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasauridae : Nanoparia : Nanoparia luckhoffi259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Nochelesaurus alexanderi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Nochelesaurus : Nochelesaurus alexanderi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Embrithosaurus schwarzi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pareiasauridae : Embrithosaurus : Embrithosaurus schwarzi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Plesioselachus macracanthus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Plesioselachus : Plesioselachus macracanthus382.7 - 358.9 Ma
Late/Upper Devonian
Antarctilamna ultima
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Antarctilamniformes : Antarctilamnidae : Antarctilamna : Antarctilamna ultima382.7 - 358.9 Ma
Late/Upper Devonian
Criocephalosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Criocephalosaurus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Criocephalosaurus vanderbyli
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Criocephalosaurus : Criocephalosaurus vanderbyli265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Eucnemesaurus entaxonis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Eucnemesaurus : Eucnemesaurus entaxonis228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pulanesaura eocollum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Pulanesaura : Pulanesaura eocollum201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Tropidostoma dubium
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Oudenodontidae : Tropidostoma : Tropidostoma dubium265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Sintocephalus alticeps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Sintocephalus : Sintocephalus alticeps259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Rubidgea atrox
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Rubidgea : Rubidgea atrox259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Aelurognathus tigriceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Aelurognathus : Aelurognathus tigriceps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Lycaenops sollasi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Lycaenops : Lycaenops sollasi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Lycaenops minor
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Lycaenops : Lycaenops minor259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Smilesaurus ferox
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Smilesaurus : Smilesaurus ferox259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Clelandina rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Clelandina : Clelandina rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Dinogorgon rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Dinogorgon : Dinogorgon rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Sycosaurus laticeps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Sycosaurus : Sycosaurus laticeps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Aelurosaurus whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Aelurosaurus : Aelurosaurus whaitsi272.3 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Gorgonops longifrons
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Gorgonops : Gorgonops longifrons259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Bullacephalus jacksoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Burnetiidae : Bullacephalus : Bullacephalus jacksoni268.8 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Herpetoskylax hopsoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Herpetoskylax : Herpetoskylax hopsoni259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Lycaenodon longiceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Lycaenodon : Lycaenodon longiceps259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ictidorhinus martinsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Ictidorhinus : Ictidorhinus martinsi259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Hipposaurus brinki
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ictidorhinidae : Hipposaurus : Hipposaurus brinki265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Robertia antjiesfonteinensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pylaecephalidae : Robertia : Robertia antjiesfonteinensis265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Robertia broomiana
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pylaecephalidae : Robertia : Robertia broomiana265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerodon buffaloensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon : Pristerodon buffaloensis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Falcisporites
genus		Plantae : Falcisporites254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Falcisporites australis
species		Plantae : Falcisporites : Falcisporites australis254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Oudenodon grandis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Oudenodontidae : Oudenodon : Oudenodon grandis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Dicynodon hartzenbergi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Dicynodon : Dicynodon hartzenbergi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Rhachiocephalus magnus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Rhachiocephalidae : Rhachiocephalus : Rhachiocephalus magnus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Pelanomodon moschops
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cryptodontidae : Pelanomodon : Pelanomodon moschops259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Odontocyclops whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Geikiidae : Odontocyclops : Odontocyclops whaitsi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Kitchinganomodon crassus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Rhachiocephalidae : Kitchinganomodon : Kitchinganomodon crassus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Aelurosaurus polyodon
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Aelurosaurus : Aelurosaurus polyodon259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Aelurosaurus wilmanae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Aelurosaurus : Aelurosaurus wilmanae259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Aelurosaurus watermeyeri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Aelurosaurus : Aelurosaurus watermeyeri259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Aelurosaurus brevirostris
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Aelurosaurus : Aelurosaurus brevirostris259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Aloposaurus tenuis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Aloposaurus : Aloposaurus tenuis259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Arctognathus breviceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Arctognathus : Arctognathus breviceps259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Arctognathus cookei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Arctognathus : Arctognathus cookei259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Klausipollenites
genus		Plantae : Klausipollenites254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Proburnetiinae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Burnetiidae : Proburnetiinae259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Arctops willistoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Arctops : Arctops willistoni259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Arctops watsoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Arctops : Arctops watsoni259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Arctops kitchingi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Arctops : Arctops kitchingi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Cyonosaurus longiceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Cyonosaurus : Cyonosaurus longiceps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Cyonosaurus rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Cyonosaurus : Cyonosaurus rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Cyonosaurus kitchingi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Cyonosaurus : Cyonosaurus kitchingi259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Scylacognathus robustus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Eriphostoma : Scylacognathus robustus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Gorgonops eupachygnathus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Gorgonops : Gorgonops eupachygnathus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Leontocephalus rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Aelurognathus : Leontocephalus rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Lycaenops ornatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Lycaenops : Lycaenops ornatus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Lycaenops angusticeps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Lycaenops : Lycaenops angusticeps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Paragalerhinus rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Paragalerhinus : Paragalerhinus rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Scylacognathus grimbeeki
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Eriphostoma : Scylacognathus grimbeeki259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Scylacops capensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgonopsidae : Scylacops : Scylacops capensis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Scylacops bigendens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Scylacops : Scylacops bigendens259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Nanictocephalus richardi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scaloposauridae : Nanictocephalus : Nanictocephalus richardi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Scaloposuchus rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scaloposuchus : Scaloposuchus rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Protacmon reubsameni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Diademodon : Protacmon reubsameni247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Sesamondontoides pauli
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Bauriidae : Sesamondontoides : Sesamondontoides pauli247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Sysphinctostoma gracilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Galesauridae : Sysphinctostoma : Sysphinctostoma gracilis247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Polycynodon elegans
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scaloposauridae : Polycynodon : Polycynodon elegans259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ictidosuchops baurioides
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ictidosuchidae : Ictidosuchops : Ictidosuchops baurioides259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Nanictidops kitchingi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ictidosuchidae : Nanictidops : Nanictidops kitchingi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Promoschorhynchus platyrhinus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Akidnognathidae : Promoschorhynchus : Promoschorhynchus platyrhinus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Theriognathus microps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Whaitsiidae : Theriognathus : Theriognathus microps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Nanictosaurus kitchingi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Galesauridae : Nanictosaurus : Nanictosaurus kitchingi259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Emyduranus gracilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodontidae : Emyduranus : Emyduranus gracilis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ictidochampsa platyceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Whaitsiidae : Ictidochampsa : Ictidochampsa platyceps259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerodon boonstrai
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon : Pristerodon boonstrai259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerodon vanhoepeni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon : Pristerodon vanhoepeni259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Palemydops minor
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Emydopidae : Palemydops : Palemydops minor259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Palemydops rubidgeae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Emydopidae : Palemydops : Palemydops rubidgeae259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Myosauroides minnaari
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Myosauroides : Myosauroides minnaari259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Cistecephaloides boonstrai
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cistecephalidae : Cistecephaloides : Cistecephaloides boonstrai259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Diictodontoides skaios
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Robertiidae : Diictodontoides : Diictodontoides skaios259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Emydorhynchus formosus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodontidae : Emydorhynchus : Emydorhynchus formosus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerodon oudebergensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pristerodon : Pristerodon oudebergensis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Compsodon helmoedi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Compsodon : Compsodon helmoedi259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Eosimops newtoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pylaecephalidae : Eosimops : Eosimops newtoni265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ictidosuchops rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ictidosuchidae : Ictidosuchops : Ictidosuchops rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Proterosuchus goweri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Proterosuchidae : Proterosuchus : Proterosuchus goweri252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Garjainia madiba
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Erythrosuchidae : Garjainia : Garjainia madiba251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Menetus (Dilatata)
subgenus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Planorbidae : Menetus : Menetus (Dilatata)251.3 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Bulbasaurus phylloxyron
species		Animalia : Chordata : Cryptodontia : Bulbasaurus : Bulbasaurus phylloxyron259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Truncatulina
genus		Truncatulina100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anteosauria
superfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Anteosauria265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Reisia rieki
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Triadotypidae : Reisia : Reisia rieki237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Anteosaurus magnificus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Anteosauridae : Anteosaurus : Anteosaurus magnificus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Homodontosaurus kitchingi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Homodontosaurus : Homodontosaurus kitchingi298.9 - 252.17 Ma
Paleozoic
Microwhaitsia mendrezi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Whaitsiidae : Microwhaitsia : Microwhaitsia mendrezi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ophidostoma tatarinovi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Ophidostoma : Ophidostoma tatarinovi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Bairdia subdeltoidea
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Bairdiidae : Bairdia : Bairdia subdeltoidea100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Prosictodon dubei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Pylaecephalidae : Prosictodon : Prosictodon dubei272.3 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pentasaurus goggai
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Stahleckeriidae : Pentasaurus : Pentasaurus goggai228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Galeops whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Galeops : Galeops whaitsi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Alopecorhinus parvidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Alopecorhinus : Alopecorhinus parvidens265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Emydochampsa
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Emydochampsa259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Hofmeyria atavus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Hofmeyria : Hofmeyria atavus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Tapinocaninus pamelae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Titanosuchidae : Tapinocaninus : Tapinocaninus pamelae279.3 - 272.3 Ma
Permian
Styracocephalus platyrhynchus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Styracocephalus : Styracocephalus platyrhynchus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Ptomalestes avidus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Ptomalestes : Ptomalestes avidus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pristerosaurus microdon
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerosaurus : Pristerosaurus microdon265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Therioides cyniscus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Therioides : Therioides cyniscus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Cynariognathus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Cynariognathus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Cynariognathus paucioridens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Cynariognathus : Cynariognathus paucioridens265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathoides
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathoides265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathoides minor
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathoides : Pristerognathoides minor265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathoides roggeveldensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathoides : Pristerognathoides roggeveldensis265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathoides vanwyki
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathoides : Pristerognathoides vanwyki265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathoides parvus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathoides : Pristerognathoides parvus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Maraisaurus parvus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pristerognathidae : Maraisaurus : Maraisaurus parvus265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Dinophoneus ingens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinophoneus : Dinophoneus ingens259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Jonkeria ingens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Titanosuchidae : Jonkeria : Jonkeria ingens290.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Phoenicopterus roseus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Phoenicopteriformes : Phoenicopteridae : Phoenicopterus : Phoenicopterus roseus0.781 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Leucocephalus wewersi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Burnetiidae : Leucocephalus : Leucocephalus wewersi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Afrothyra
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Varanopidae : Afrothyra265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Microvaranops parentis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Varanopidae : Microvaranops : Microvaranops parentis265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Abdalodon diastematicus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Charassognathidae : Abdalodon : Abdalodon diastematicus259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Trematosuchoides africanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Trematosauridae : Trematosuchoides : Trematosuchoides africanus251.3 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Ericiolacerta parva
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Ericiolacertidae : Ericiolacerta : Ericiolacerta parva252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Ictidosuchoides intermedius
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Ictidosuchidae : Ictidosuchops : Ictidosuchoides intermedius259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Ictidosuchoides longiceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Ictidosuchidae : Ictidosuchops : Ictidosuchoides longiceps259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ictidosuchoides rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Ictidosuchidae : Ictidosuchops : Ictidosuchoides rubidgei259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Aulacephalodon rubidgei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Geikiidae : Aulacephalodon : Aulacephalodon rubidgei259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Pelictosuchus paucidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scaloposauridae : Pelictosuchus : Pelictosuchus paucidens259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Platycyclops richardi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Platycyclops : Platycyclops richardi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Aulacephalodon cadlei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Geikiidae : Aulacephalodon : Aulacephalodon cadlei259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Cistecephalus platyceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cistecephalidae : Cistecephalus : Cistecephalus platyceps259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ictidosuchops intermedius
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Ictidosuchidae : Ictidosuchops : Ictidosuchops intermedius259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Microhelodon eumerus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Bauriidae : Microhelodon : Microhelodon eumerus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Mirotenthes digitipes
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Mirotenthes : Mirotenthes digitipes259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Icticephalus polycynodon
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scaloposauridae : Icticephalus : Icticephalus polycynodon259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Ledumahadi mafube
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Ledumahadi : Ledumahadi mafube201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Scaloporhinus angulorugatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scaloposauridae : Scaloporhinus : Scaloporhinus angulorugatus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Scaloposaurus hoffmanni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scaloposauridae : Scaloposaurus : Scaloposaurus hoffmanni252.17 - 247.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Notaelurodon kitchingi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Akidnognathidae : Notaelurodon : Notaelurodon kitchingi259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Cerdosuchus aulodon
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Akidnognathidae : Cerdosuchus : Cerdosuchus aulodon259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Akidnognathus parvus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Moschorhinidae : Akidnognathus : Akidnognathus parvus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Euchambersia mirabilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Moschorhinidae : Euchambersia : Euchambersia mirabilis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Blattoidealestes gracilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Scaloposauridae : Blattoidealestes : Blattoidealestes gracilis265.1 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Dicynodontipus icelsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Dicynodontipus : Dicynodontipus icelsi259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Paracalamites
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Equisetales : Paracalamites254.17 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Bugeranus carunculatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Gruidae : Bugeranus : Bugeranus carunculatus0.781 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Scleroptila shelleyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Phasianidae : Scleroptila : Scleroptila shelleyi0.781 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Jonkeria truculenta
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Titanosuchidae : Jonkeria : Jonkeria truculenta265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Struthiocephalus whaitsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Struthiocephalus : Struthiocephalus whaitsi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Taurocephalus lerouxi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Taurocephalus : Taurocephalus lerouxi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Trochosaurus major
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Lycosuchidae : Trochosaurus : Trochosaurus major265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathus vanderbyli
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathus : Pristerognathus vanderbyli265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Lycedops scholtzi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Lycedops : Lycedops scholtzi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Phocosaurus megischion
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Phocosaurus : Phocosaurus megischion265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Moschops koupensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Moschops : Moschops koupensis265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Mormosaurus seeleyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tapinocephalidae : Mormosaurus : Mormosaurus seeleyi272.3 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Keratocephalus moloch
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Keratocephalus : Keratocephalus moloch265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Struthiocephaloides cavifrons
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Struthiocephaloides : Struthiocephaloides cavifrons265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Avenantia kruisvleiensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Avenantia : Avenantia kruisvleiensis265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Riebeeckosaurus longirostris
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Riebeeckosaurus : Riebeeckosaurus longirostris265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Trochosaurus intermedius
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Lycosuchidae : Trochosaurus : Trochosaurus intermedius265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Cerdodon tenuidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Cerdodon : Cerdodon tenuidens272.3 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Jonkeria haughtoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Titanosuchidae : Jonkeria : Jonkeria haughtoni265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Alopecideops gracilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Alopecodontidae : Alopecideops : Alopecideops gracilis265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Jonkeria koupensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Titanosuchidae : Jonkeria : Jonkeria koupensis265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Scymnosaurus major
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Scymnosaurus : Scymnosaurus major265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Jonkeria parva
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Titanosuchidae : Jonkeria : Jonkeria parva265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Jonkeria vanderbyli
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Titanosuchidae : Jonkeria : Jonkeria vanderbyli265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Alepognathus angustioriceps
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Alepognathus : Alepognathus angustioriceps265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Cynariognathus seeleyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Cynariognathus : Cynariognathus seeleyi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Trochorhinus vanhoepeni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Lycosuchidae : Trochorhinus : Trochorhinus vanhoepeni265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Cynariognathus gallowayi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Cynariognathus : Cynariognathus gallowayi265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathus peyeri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathus : Pristerognathus peyeri265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Alopecognathus megalops
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Alopecognathus : Alopecognathus megalops265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Moschops romeri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Tapinocephalidae : Moschops : Moschops romeri265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Anteosaurus major
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Anteosauridae : Anteosaurus : Anteosaurus major265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Walteria skinneri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Theriodontia : Walteria : Walteria skinneri265.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Pristerognathinae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Therocephalia : Pristerognathidae : Pristerognathinae272.3 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Reniformichnus katikatii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Reniformichnus : Reniformichnus katikatii251.2 - 247.2 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Textularia gramen
species		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Textulariida : Textulariidae : Textularia : Textularia gramen100.5 - 2.588 Ma
Phanerozoic
Anomalina ammonoides
species		Foraminifera : Anomalinidae : Anomalina : Anomalina ammonoides100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Papio ursinus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Papio : Papio ursinus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Thliptosaurus imperforatus
species		Thliptosaurus : Thliptosaurus imperforatus259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Haplophragmium neocomianum
species		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Loftusiida : Haplophragmiidae : Haplophragmium : Haplophragmium neocomianum100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Saportaea
genus		Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Polypodiales : Saportaea237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Kurtziana
genus		Plantae : Pteridospermophyta : Kurtziana237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Heidiphyllum
genus		Plantae : Pinophyta : Heidiphyllum237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Telemachus
genus		Plantae : Pinophyta : Telemachus237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Linguifolium
genus		Plantae : Ginkgophyta : Ginkgoopsida : Linguifolium237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Gontriglossa
genus		Plantae : Gnetophyta : Gnetopsida : Gontriglossa237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Rissikia
genus		Plantae : Pinophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Rissikia237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Nodosaria vertebralis
species		Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Nodosariidae : Nodosaria : Nodosaria vertebralis100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ngwevu intloko
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Massospondylidae : Ngwevu : Ngwevu intloko201.3 - 190.8 Ma
Early Jurassic
Vetusodon elikhulu
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Vetusodon : Vetusodon elikhulu259.9 - 252.17 Ma
Permian
Cistecynodon parvus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Cistecynodontidae : Cistecynodon : Cistecynodon parvus247.2 - 242 Ma
Triassic
Fossil LocalitiesClick to show 660 fossil localities
Lesotho
South Africa
South Africa

Localities in this Region

Eswatini
  • Shiselweni Region
Lesotho
South Africa
South Africa

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

African PlateTectonic Plate
Lesotho
Somali PlateTectonic Plate
South Africa

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
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