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Isoferroplatinum

A valid IMA mineral species
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About IsoferroplatinumHide

Formula:
Pt3Fe
Colour:
white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
18.41 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named for the ISOmetric crystal system, the Latin for iron (FERRum) and PLATINUM.
Compare 'UM1984-18-E:FeNiPt'. Possibly the Pt analogue of the (Pd-dominant) UM2004-16-E:FePd (?).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2053
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2053:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
222cf5fb-bf25-4330-91e1-5304a0319c53

IMA Classification of IsoferroplatinumHide

Classification of IsoferroplatinumHide

1.AG.35

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
G : PGE-metal alloys
Dana 7th ed.:
1.2.6.1
1.2.5.1

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
2 : Platinum Group Metals and Alloys
1.85

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
IfptIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
IfpThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of IsoferroplatinumHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of IsoferroplatinumHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
white
Hardness:
Hardness:
VHN100=503 - 572 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
18.41 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of IsoferroplatinumHide

Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR
400nm61.2%
420nm61.2%
440nm61.1%
460nm61.3%
480nm62.3%
500nm63.3%
520nm63.8%
540nm64.3%
560nm64.9%
580nm65.9%
600nm66.4%
620nm67.5%
640nm67.9%
660nm68.7%
680nm69.2%
700nm69.5%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 69.5%.
Colour in reflected light:
Bright white

Chemistry of IsoferroplatinumHide

Mindat Formula:
Pt3Fe
Common Impurities:
Ir,Os,Ru,Rh,Ni

Crystallography of IsoferroplatinumHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.866 Å
Unit Cell V:
57.78 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Cubes
Comment:
Space Group: Pm3m.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0005108IsoferroplatinumCabri L J, Feather C E (1975) Platinum-iron alloys: a nomenclature based on a study of natural and synthetic alloys The Canadian Mineralogist 13 117-1261975Tulameen River, British Columbia, Canada0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
1.164 Å(100)
2.22 Å(70)
1.364 Å(60)
1.926 Å(40)
1.114 Å(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals

Type Occurrence of IsoferroplatinumHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Unknown
Reference:
Cabri, L.J., Feather, C.E. (1975) Platinum-iron alloys: a nomenclature based on a study of natural and synthetic alloys. Canadian Mineralogist: 13: 117-126.

Synonyms of IsoferroplatinumHide

Other Language Names for IsoferroplatinumHide

Simplified Chinese:等轴铁铂矿
Traditional Chinese:等軸鐵鉑礦

Varieties of IsoferroplatinumHide

Iridian isoferroplatinumIsoferroplatinum with Ir content 8 wt.% and more.

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
25 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with GoldAu
10 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with LauriteRuS2
7 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with Rutheniridosmine(Ir,Os,Ru)
5 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with Cuproiridsite(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4
5 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with Osmium(Os,Ir,Ru)
5 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with BowieiteRh2S3
5 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with TulameenitePt2CuFe
4 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4
4 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with Iridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
4 photos of Isoferroplatinum associated with Cuprorhodsite(Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

1.AG.Michitoshiite-(Cu)Rh(Cu1-xGex) Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.PalladothallitePd3TlTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
1.AG.SluzhenikinitePd15(Sb7-xSnx)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
1.AG.DriekopitePtBiHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
1.AG.SidoroviteFe3PtIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.05Hexaferrum(Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
1.AG.05Garutiite(Ni,Fe,Ir)Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
1.AG.10Atokite(Pd,Pt)3SnIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.10Rustenburgite(Pt,Pd)3SnIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.10ZvyagintsevitePd3PbIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3n
1.AG.15Taimyrite(Pd,Cu,Pt)3SnOrth.
1.AG.15Tatyanaite(Pt,Pd,Cu)9Cu3Sn4Orth.
1.AG.20PaolovitePd2SnOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
1.AG.25PlumbopalladinitePd3Pb2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
1.AG.25Stannopalladinite(Pd,Cu)3SnOrth.
1.AG.30CabriitePd2CuSnOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
1.AG.35ChengdeiteIr3FeIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
1.AG.40FerronickelplatinumPt2FeNiTet.
1.AG.40TetraferroplatinumPtFeTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.40TulameenitePt2CuFeTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.45HongshiitePtCuTrig.
1.AG.45SkaergaarditePdCuIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.50YixunitePt3InIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
1.AG.55DamiaoitePtIn2Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.60NiggliitePtSnHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
1.AG.65BortnikovitePd4Cu3ZnTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.70NielsenitePdCu3Tet. 4mm : P4mm
1.AG.75Norilskite(Pd,Ag)2xPb (x = 0.08 - 0.11)Trig. 3 2 : P31 2 1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for IsoferroplatinumHide

References for IsoferroplatinumHide

Reference List:

Localities for IsoferroplatinumHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Albania
 
  • Dibër County
    • Bater-Martanesh mining district
Zaccarini F et al. (PGE) +1 other reference
  • Kukës County
    • Tropojë
www.env.duke.edu (n.d.)
Atlantic Ocean
 
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
    • Sierra Leone fracture zone
Bortnikov et al. (2006, July)
Sharkov et al. (2007)
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Canbelego Co.
      • Miandetta
Gilligan et al. (1995)
    • Cunningham Co.
Carlo Tortorella +1 other reference
    • Kennedy Co.
Webb (2014)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Johan et al. (1989)
5th International Platinum Symposium ...
    • Richmond Co.
      • Evans Head
G. A. Albertson Data
    • Rous Co.
G. A. Albertson Data
Austria
 
  • Styria
    • Leoben District
      • Sankt Stefan ob Leoben
Melcher+Mali (1998)
Brazil
 
  • Goiás
33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
  • Pará
    • Curionópolis
Villas et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Bulgaria
 
  • Blagoevgrad Province
    • Blagoevgrad Municipality
Цинцов (1998)
  • Burgas Province
    • Kameno Municipality
Atanasov (1990)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Similkameen Mining Division
      • Princeton
        • Similkameen River
Alfredo Petrov collection
      • Tulameen
In the collection of Brent Thorne. ...
      • Tulameen River
Nixon et al. (1990)
5th International Platinum Symposium ... +1 other reference
  • New Brunswick
    • Kings Co.
      • Cardwell Parish
Canadian Mineralogist 45 +1 other reference
  • Ontario
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Coldwell complex
Mcdonald et al. (2015)
Good et al. (2017)
      • Seeley Lake Area
EcoMetrix Reort for Stillwater Canada Inc (2012)
Good et al. (2017) +1 other reference
  • Québec
    • Chaudière-Appalaches
      • Les Appalaches RCM
gsa.confex.com (n.d.) +2 other references
          • Black Lake
Corrivaux et al. (1990)
Corrivaux et al. (1990)
Corrivaux et al. (1990)
  • Yukon
    • Watson Lake mining district
Fedortchouk et al. (eds.)
    • Whitehorse mining district
      • Kluane District
Fedortchouk et al. (2010)
Barkov et al. (2002)
Chile
 
  • Araucanía
    • Cautín Province
González-Jiménez et al. (2016)
China
 
  • Hebei
    • Chengde
      • Chengde County
        • Gaositai
Zuxiang Yu (1995) +1 other reference
Dianhao Huang et al. (1995)
  • Tibet
    • Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture)
      • Amdo Co. (Anduo Co.)
        • Dongqiao ophiolite (Donqiao ophiolite)
Xuecui Zhou and Shuihe Mao (1989)
  • Yunnan
    • Dali
      • Midu County
Huanbin Song et al. (2008)
Colombia
 
  • Caldas Department
    • Riosucio
Robert C. Smith
  • Chocó Department
    • Condoto
Tistl (1994) +1 other reference
Ecuador
 
  • Carchi Province
    • Awa Indian Preserve
Barron et al. (2024)
  • Esmeraldas Province
Weiser et al. (1993)
Ethiopia
 
  • Oromia Region
    • West Welega Zone
      • Gimbi
Kebede H. Belete +1 other reference
Stanley et al. (2005)
Cabri et al. (1981)
Finland
 
Törroos Ragnar
    • Enontekiö
Kojonen et al. (2007) +2 other references
Tuisku
    • Inari
      • Ivalojoki
Kari Kojonen (2012)
      • Lemmenjoki
Tuisku
Kojonen et al. (2014)
    • Sodankylä
      • Kevitsansarvi (Keivitsansarvi)
Mutanen (1997)
      • Viiankiaapa mire area
Pelayo Barrón Francisco (2020)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Ain
      • Belley
        • Murs-et-Gélignieux
Ducluzaux (2018)
      • Bourg-en-Bresse
        • Lescheroux
Bruno Ducluzaux Collection
  • New Caledonia
    • Southern Province
      • Le Mont-Dore
        • Ouen Island
33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
      • Pirogues River
Economic Geology: 89: 1454-1468 +4 other references
      • Yaté
Auge et al. (1995)
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
      • Digne-les-Bains
Johan et al. (1992)
    • Bouches-du-Rhône
      • Aix-en-Provence
        • Peyrolles-en-Provence
Y. Moëlo : "Compte-rendu de la ... +2 other references
      • Arles
        • Rognonas
Fischer et al. (1988)
      • Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône
Bruno Ducluzaux Collection
    • Var
      • Brignoles
        • Vinon-sur-Verdon
Périnet F. (2018)
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Regen District
        • Lindberg
DILL et al. (2011)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Germersheim
      • Jockgrim
        • Rheinzabern
Oberthür et al. (2016)
  • Saxony
    • Mittelsachsen
      • Großschirma
www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)
Greenland
 
  • Sermersooq
    • Kruuse Fjord
Economic Geology Vol. 92
India
 
  • Odisha
    • Keonjhar District
Canadian Mineralogist 40:277-309
Augé et al. (2002, July)
Japan
 
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Kamikawa Subprefecture
Urashima et al (1982)
      • Uryu District
        • Uryugawa
Excalibur Mineral Co. specimens and ...
    • Rumoi Subprefecture
      • Obira (Rumoi District)
NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
      • Tomamae District
        • Haboro
NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
        • Shosanbetsu
NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
        • Tomamae
NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
    • Sorachi Subprefecture
      • Numata
NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
  • Kumamoto Prefecture
    • Shimomashiki District
      • Misato
Dr Daisuke Nishio-Hamane +1 other reference
Madagascar
 
  • Atsinanana
    • Antanambao Manampotsy District
Legendre et al. (1992)
Auge et al. (1992) +1 other reference
Mongolia
 
  • Uvs Province
Oyunchimeg et al. (2009)
Oyunchimeg et al. (2009)
New Zealand
 
  • Southland Region
    • Southland District
      • Catlins Coast
www.med.govt.nz (n.d.)
...
Local council Site Signage
5th International Platinum Symposium ...
Craw et al. (2015)
  • Tasman Region
    • St. Arnaud
...
Norway
 
  • Vestland
    • Vik
Nilsson et al. (1998)
Philippines
 
  • Visayas
    • Eastern Visayas Region
      • Samar Island
Oberthür et al. (2017)
Russia
 
  • Altai Republic
    • Turochaksky District
Nesterenko +4 other references
  • Bashkortostan
    • Uchalinsky District
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2018
  • Buryatia
    • Okinsky District
      • Ulan-Sar’dag Ophiolite
Airiyants et al. (2022)
    • Severo-Baykalsky District
      • Dovyren Highlands
Rudashevskiy N.S. et al. (2003)
    • Tunkinsky District
Zaccarini F et al. (PGE) +1 other reference
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
Britvin et al. (1998) +2 other references
Zaykov et al. (2017)
Zaykov et al. (2017)
  • Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
    • Bilibinsky District
      • Kolyma area
        • Bol'shoi Anyui River Basin
          • Baimka River
            • Aluchinskii Massif (Aluchin horst)
Gornostayev et al. (1999)
  • Irkutsk Oblast
    • Bodaybinsky District
      • Bodaibo
        • Lena Gold District
          • Kropotkinsky ore cluster
www.igem.ru (2001)
    • Uda–Biryusa district
Podlipsky et al. (2015)
  • Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Berdnikov et al. (2020) +1 other reference
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Koryak Okrug
      • Karaginsky District
Tolstykh et al. (2000)
      • Olyutorsky district
Sidorov et al. (2021)
        • Itchayvayam complex
Palyanova et al. (2023)
        • Korf
Sidorov et al. (2004) +5 other references
Vlasov et al. (2002) +3 other references
Tolstykh et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Tolstykh et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Kutyrev et al. (2021) +1 other reference
Kutyrev et al. (2020) +1 other reference
Kutyrev et al. (2018) +1 other reference
Kutyrev et al. (2023)
    • Sobolevsky District
Sidorov et al. (2004)
Pekov (1998) +1 other reference
    • Ust-Kamchatsky District
Tolstykh et al. (2009)
  • Kemerovo Oblast
Nesterenko +7 other references
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Ayan-Maya district
Pekov (1998) +2 other references
Shcheka G.G. et al. (2004) +1 other reference
...
    • Lysanskiy dunite-peridotite-gabbro complex
Barkov et al. (2018)
Barkov et al. (2021)
    • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
      • Taimyr Peninsula
        • Putoran Plateau
          • Noril'sk
            • Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit
Pekov (1998)
Tolstykh et al. (2022)
    • Western Sayan range
      • Idgimsky gabbro- peridotite-pyroxenite complex
Cherkasova et al. (2014, August)
    • Yermakovsky District
Barkov et al. (2018) +2 other references
Barkov et al. (2018)
  • Murmansk Oblast
Gabov (2010)
Groshev +6 other references
Groshev +6 other references
Groshev +6 other references
Groshev +7 other references
Groshev +6 other references
    • Imandra layered complex (Imandrovsky layered intrusion)
Barkov et al. (2004)
    • Monche tundra intrusion
Chashchin et al. (2018)
Grokhovskaya et al. (2009)
Vymazalová et al. (2020)
  • Novosibirsk Oblast
    • Egor’evsk ore placer district
      • Ik placer field
Podlipsky et al. (2007)
  • Primorsky Krai
    • Khanka lake
Molchanov et al. (2011)
Shcheka G.G. et al. (2004)
  • Republic of Karelia
Grokhovskaya et al. (2005)
  • Sakha
    • Aldan
Pekov (1998) +3 other references
Tony Nikischer
  • Sayan Mountains
Kiseleva et al. (2014)
Zaccarini F et al. (PGE) +1 other reference
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Kachkanar
Stepanov et al. (2023)
Stepanov et al. (2023)
Gregor Borg et al (2001)
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data
Mineralogy of Ural. Native elements et al. (in Rus.) +1 other reference
    • Nizhnyaya Tura
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
      • Svetly Bor
Stepanov et al. (2019)
Stepanov et al. (2019)
Stepanov et al. (2019)
Stepanov et al. (2019)
    • Novolyalinsky District
Garuti et al. (2002)
    • Prigorodny District
Johan (2006)
Pekov (1998)
    • Yekaterinburg
9th International platinum symposium Chromite-PGE mineralization in the Uktus Alaskan-Type Complex (Central Urals,) +1 other reference
Gurskaya (2002)
  • Tuva
    • Kaa-Khemsky District
      • Kaakhem ophiolite belt
        • Malye Kopty massif
Oidup et al. (2012)
Serbia
 
  • Central Serbia
    • Rasina District
      • Trstenik
        • Veluće
Krstic et al. (1997)
Sierra Leone
 
  • Western Area
Bowles (2000)
Bowles et al. (2018)
South Africa
 
  • Free State
    • Lejweleputswa District Municipality
      • Matjhabeng Local Municipality
Cabri et al. (1975) +1 other reference
        • Welkom
Mining Ann. Review (1985)
Cabri et al. (1975) +1 other reference
Cabri et al. (1975)
Cabri et al. (1975)
Cabri et al. (1975)
  • Gauteng
    • City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
      • Brakpan
Cabri et al. (1975)
    • Sedibeng District Municipality
      • Lesedi Local Municipality
Cabri et al. (1975)
    • West Rand District Municipality
      • Far West Rand
        • Western Sector
Cabri et al. (1975)
Cabri et al. (1975)
  • Limpopo
    • Capricorn District Municipality
      • Blouberg Local Municipality
        • Waterberg project
McCreesh et al. (2018)
    • Sekhukhune District Municipality
      • Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality
McCall (2016)
        • Burgersfort
Rudashevsky et al. (1992)
        • Steelpoort
Rudashevsky et al. (1992) +2 other references
    • Waterberg District Municipality
      • Mogalakwena Local Municipality
        • Mogalakwena
          • Mokopane
Van der Merwe (2011) +3 other references
Armitage et al. (2002) +2 other references
Zaccarini et al. (2002)
Fanus Viljoen et al. (2016)
      • Thabazimbi Local Municipality
McCall (2016)
  • North West
    • Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
      • Rustenburg Local Municipality
        • Rustenburg
          • Royal Bafokeng
Smith et al. (2013)
Cairncross et al. (1995)
    • Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality
      • City of Matlosana Local Municipality
        • Klerksdorp
Cabri et al. (1975)
Cabri et al. (1975)
Cabri et al. (1975) +2 other references
Tanzania
 
  • Kigoma Region
Wilhelmij et al. (2015) +1 other reference
UK
 
  • Scotland
    • Highland
      • Caol and Mallaig
        • Isle of Rum
Power et al. (2000)
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Bethel Census Area
      • Goodnews Bay
        • Salmon River - Red Mountain District
Anthony et al. (1990)
    • Kodiak Island Borough
      • Tugidak Island
Belkin et al. (2021)
    • Matanuska-Susitna Borough
      • Valdez Creek Mining District
- (2008)
  • California
    • Mariposa County
      • West Belt
        • Hornitos Mining District
          • Quartzburg
            • Quartzburg School
Min Mag (1997)
    • Trinity County
      • Klamath Mountains
        • Salmon Mountains
          • North Fork Mining District
Alfredo Petrov collection +1 other reference
  • Montana
Cabri et al. (1975) +1 other reference
    • Stillwater County
      • J-M Reef (Howland Reef)
Bart Cannon (Cannon Microprobe, Seattle) +1 other reference
Econ Geol (1986)
Gobla (2012)
  • Oregon
    • Jackson County
      • Applegate Mining District
Lyon et al. (1997)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Fayette County
      • Masontown
American Mieralogist: 75: 881-885.
 
矿物 and/or 产地  
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