Metazeunerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Metazeunerite
Formula:
Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Colour:
Grass-green, emerald-green; green in transmitted light
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
3.64
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1937 by Aleksandr Evgenievich Fersman and Olga Mikhailovna Shubnikova for "Meta" for a lower hydration state and its relationship to zeunerite.
Meta-autunite Group.
A rare secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of arsenic-bearing hydrothermal uranium deposits. Commonly originates due to dehydration of zeunerite.
A rare secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of arsenic-bearing hydrothermal uranium deposits. Commonly originates due to dehydration of zeunerite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2698
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2698:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
e1097896-07bf-41c6-a2be-93bb3442115b
IMA Classification of Metazeunerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Metazeunerite
8.EB.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
B : UO2:RO4 = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
B : UO2:RO4 = 1:1
40.2a.14.2
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
20.7.4
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
7 : Arsenates of U
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
7 : Arsenates of U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mzeu | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Metazeunerite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Lustre pearly on {001}.
Colour:
Grass-green, emerald-green; green in transmitted light
Streak:
greenish white
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, perfect; on {010}, distinct.
On {001}, perfect; on {010}, distinct.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.64 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.87 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Metazeunerite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.643 - 1.651 nε = 1.623 - 1.635
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.020
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Weakly dichroic in transmitted light.
O = Green
E = Pale green, bluish, colourless
O = Green
E = Pale green, bluish, colourless
Comments:
Indices of refraction vary continuously with the content of zeolitic water within the limits of the phase.
Chemistry of Metazeunerite
Mindat Formula:
Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Crystallography of Metazeunerite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P42/n
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.1094 Å, c = 17.416 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.45
Unit Cell V:
880.3 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals rectangular, tabular on {001}, with {010}, or dipyramidal, terminated by {001}. Forms other than {001} commonly rough and striated horizontally. Commonly as foliated or micaceous aggregates.
Twinning:
Merohedrally twinned.
Comment:
Possesses 4/m 2/m 2/m pseudosymmetry.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0005833 | Metazeunerite | Locock A J, Burns P C (2003) Crystal structures and synthesis of the copper-dominant members of the autunite and meta-autunite groups: Torbernite, zeunerite, metatorbernite and metazeunerite The Canadian Mineralogist 41 489-502 | 2003 | 0 | 293 | ||
0011097 | Metazeunerite | Hennig C, Reck G, Reich T, Robberg A, Kraus W, Sieler J (2003) EXAFS and XRD investigations of zeunerite and meta-zeunerite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 218 37-45 | 2003 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0011098 | Metazeunerite | Hennig C, Reck G, Reich T, Robberg A, Kraus W, Sieler J (2003) EXAFS and XRD investigations of zeunerite and meta-zeunerite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 218 37-45 | 2003 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0012422 | Metazeunerite | Hanic F (1960) The crystal structure of meta-zeunerite Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2*8H2O Czechoslovak Journal of Physics B10 169-181 | 1960 | Rotava, Ore Mountains, Czech Republic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Epitaxial Relationships of Metazeunerite
Epitaxial Minerals:
Uranospinite | Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O |
Trögerite | (H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O |
Epitaxy Comments:
Oriented growths of metazeunerite on trögerite and uranospinite, with parallel axes.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
8.86 Å | (10) |
5.57 Å | (8) |
5.10 Å | (6) |
3.73 Å | (10) |
3.57 Å | (7) |
3.30 Å | (8) |
1.561 Å | (6) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
47f : [Uranyl (U⁶⁺) minerals] |
Geological Setting:
Oxidized zones of arsenic-bearing hydrothermal uranium deposits.
Type Occurrence of Metazeunerite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
State Museum of Mineralogy and Geology, Dresden, Germany. Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany: #21730.
Other Language Names for Metazeunerite
Russian:Метацейнерит
Spanish:Metazeunerita
Relationship of Metazeunerite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Abernathyite | K(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/ncc |
Chernikovite | (H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
Lehnerite | Mn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m |
Meta-ankoleite | K2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
Meta-autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) |
Metaheinrichite | Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Metakahlerite | Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Metakirchheimerite | Co(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Metalodèvite | Zn(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O | Tet. 4/m : P42/m |
Metanatroautunite | Na(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/ncc |
Metanováčekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
Metarauchite | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Metasaléeite | Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O | |
Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
Metauranocircite | Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Metauranospinite | Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
Natrouranospinite | Na2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
Trögerite | (H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
Uramarsite | (NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm |
Uramphite | (NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/ncc |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
11 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
7 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
6 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Pitchblende | UO2 |
6 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
6 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
5 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Pharmacosiderite | KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
4 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Schorl | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
4 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Natrozippeite | Na5(UO2)8(SO4)4O5(OH)3 · 12H2O |
4 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
3 photos of Metazeunerite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.EB. | Meta-autunite Group | A1-2(UO2)2(TO4)2 · 5-10H2O |
8.EB.05 | Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
8.EB.05 | Heinrichite | Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.EB.05 | Kahlerite | Fe(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
8.EB.05 | Hydronováčekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
8.EB.05 | Saléeite | Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.EB.05 | Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
8.EB.05 | Uranocircite | Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.EB.05 | Uranospinite | Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.EB.05 | Xiangjiangite | (Fe3+,Al)(UO2)4(PO4)2(SO4)2(OH) · 22H2O |
8.EB.05 | Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
8.EB.05 | Metarauchite | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.EB.05 | Nováčekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.EB.05 | Rauchite | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.EB.10 | Bassetite | Fe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.EB.10 | Lehnerite | Mn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.EB.10 | Meta-autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
8.EB.10 | Metasaléeite | Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.EB.10 | Metauranocircite | Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
8.EB.10 | Metauranospinite | Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.EB.10 | Metaheinrichite | Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.EB.10 | Metakahlerite | Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.EB.10 | Metakirchheimerite | Co(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.EB.10 | Metanováčekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.EB.10 | Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.EB.10 | Przhevalskite | Pb2(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 3H2O |
8.EB.10 | Pseudo-autunite | (H3O)4Ca2(UO2)2(PO4)4 · 5H2O |
8.EB.10 | Metanatroautunite | Na(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3 |
8.EB.15 | Abernathyite | K(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O |
8.EB.15 | Chernikovite | (H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
8.EB.15 | Meta-ankoleite | K2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
8.EB.15 | Natrouranospinite | Na2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2O |
8.EB.15 | Trögerite | (H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O |
8.EB.15 | Uramphite | (NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
8.EB.15 | Uramarsite | (NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O |
8.EB.20 | Threadgoldite | Al(UO2)2(PO4)2(OH) · 8H2O |
8.EB.20 | Chistyakovaite | Al(UO2)2(AsO4)2(F,OH) · 6.5H2O |
8.EB.25 | Arsenuranospathite | Al(UO2)2(AsO4)2F · 20H2O |
8.EB.25 | Uranospathite | (Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F) |
8.EB.30 | Vochtenite | (Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH) · 12-13H2O |
8.EB.35 | Coconinoite | Fe3+2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 20H2O |
8.EB.40 | Ranunculite | HAl(UO2)(PO4)(OH)3 · 4H2O |
8.EB.45 | Triangulite | Al3(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH)5 · 5H2O |
8.EB.50 | Furongite | Al13(UO2)7(PO4)13(OH)14 · 58H2O |
8.EB.55 | Sabugalite | HAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2O |
8.EB.60 | Horákite | (Bi7O7OH)[(UO2)4(PO4)2(AsO4)2(OH)2] · 3.5H2O |
Fluorescence of Metazeunerite
Pale yellow-green (LWUV & SW UV).
Other Information
Notes:
Radioactive. Readily soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
Contains uranium - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest. Avoid prolonged exposure in proximity of the body. Store away from inhabited areas.
Internet Links for Metazeunerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2698.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Metazeunerite
Reference List:
Goldschmidt (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 31: 468.
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.151,158
Weiss-Frondel, Judith (1951) Studies of uranium minerals (VII): Zeunerite. American Mineralogist, 36 (3-4) 249-255
Hogarth, D. D. (1951) Studies of radioactive compounds: II - Meta-zeunerite, uranophane, kasolite and cuprosklodowskite in Canada. American Mineralogist, 36 (5-6) 411-414
Emerson, D. O., Wright, H. D. (1957) Secondary uranium minerals at the W. Wilson mine in the Boulder batholith, Montana. American Mineralogist, 42 (3-4) 222-239
(1958) Systematic mineralogy of uranium and thorium. Bulletin Vol. 1064. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1064 pp.215-220
Ross, Malcolm, Evans, H. T., Appleman, D. E. (1964) Studies of the torbernite minerals (II): The crystal structure of meta- torbernite. American Mineralogist, 49 (11-12) 1603-1621
de Abeledo, M. E. J., Galloni, E. E., de Benyacar, M. A. R. (1968) Electron diffraction data for some members of the metatorbernite group. American Mineralogist, 53 (5-6) 1028-1033
Locock, A. J., Burns, P. C. (2003) Crystal Structures and Synthesis of the Copper-Dominant Members of the Autunite and Meta-Autunite Groups: Torbernite, Zeunerite, Metatorbernite and Metazeunerite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41 (2) 489-502 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.2.489
Burns, Peter C. (2005) U6+ minerals and inorganic compounds: insights into an expanded structural hierarchy of crystal structures. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43 (6) 1839-1894 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.6.1839
Nazarchuk, Evgeny V., Gurzhiy, Vladislav V., Tagirova, Yana G., Charkin, Dmitri O., Krzhizhanovskaya, Maria G., Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Eremin, Oleg V. (2023) High-Temperature Crystal Chemistry of Meta-Autunite Group Minerals: Metatorbernite, Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2(H2O)8 and Metazeunerite, Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2(H2O)8. Crystals, 13 (12) doi:10.3390/cryst13121688
Localities for Metazeunerite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Raúl Joreg Tauber Larry |
Australia | |
| Rankin et al. (2002) |
| Henry et al. (2005) |
| J.E.Johnson 1981. Mineralogy of the ... |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Nickel et al. (1993) |
Ferguson (1999) | |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Schachinger et al. (2015) |
| Schreieck E. et al. (2022) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| 54 (in German) +1 other reference |
| 58. +2 other references |
| Exel (1993) |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
Brazil | |
| Cassedanne et al. (1978) |
| Márcia Abrahão Moura (2007) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Hogarth (1951) |
Chile | |
| EDS analisis +1 other reference |
EDS-SEM analysis +1 other reference | |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University) |
samples analysed by Dr. Tony Kampf +2 other references | |
Yang et al. (2011) | |
China | |
| Hercule Shen's Collection |
| Jeff Scovil |
Czech Republic | |
| Plášil |
Plášil J. et al. (2008) | |
| Poirier et al. (2011) |
Lapis 2002 (7/8) +1 other reference | |
Plášil et al. (2014) | |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Rojík (2006) |
Rojík (2006) | |
| Sejkora (1994) |
| Bull mineral petrolog 27 +3 other references |
DR Congo | |
| Paul De Bondt collection |
Deliens (1996) | |
Europe | |
| Jansa et al. (Č) +3 other references |
France | |
| J. Geffroy |
| Y. Vessely collection |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien" (Mulhouse) |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references |
Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references | |
| Hatert et al. (2020) |
| - (1998) |
- (1998) | |
| Caubel (1997) +1 other reference |
| - (1998) |
| Jean-Marie Claude collection +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
Lapis 21 (12) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (1995) |
| Blaß et al. (2000) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Slotta (2004) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| |
Walenta (1992) | |
| |
| |
Steen (2007) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Walenta (1992) |
Walenta (1992) | |
| see locality page |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) |
| G. Dreyer (3) |
| Weiß (1990) |
N. Jb. Miner. Abh. 115 (1971) | |
| Aufschluss 69/ (7+8) +1 other reference |
| Lapis (5) |
Wittern (2001) | |
Wittern (2001) | |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Desor (05/2020) |
Gröbner J. et al. (2006) | |
| Gröbner J. +1 other reference |
| Bode Verlag +2 other references |
| Hajek (2010) |
| www.dergraul.de (2001) |
| Plášil et al. (2010) |
| Geochemist's and Mineralogist's Compendium (1937) +2 other references |
| J. Gröbner (7/8) |
| In the collection of Brent Thorne. |
India | |
| Verma et al. (2018) |
Iran | |
| Bariand et al. (1993) |
Italy | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2021) |
Ciriotti et al. (2021) | |
Giuseppe Finello and Bruno Marello ... | |
| Ferretti et al. (2017) |
| Ravagnani (1974) |
| Campostrini et al. (2006) |
| Vecchi et al. (2013) |
| Campostrini et al. (2005) |
| doi:10.3390/min8060248 +2 other references |
| LIBVRNA N°2 September 2021 |
| Millosevich F. (1912) +2 other references |
| Domenico Saccardo et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Mineralogical Journal +1 other reference |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Kopchenova et al. (1962) +3 other references |
Mexico | |
| Joan Rosell (2022) |
Morocco | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
Namibia | |
| Schnaitmann et al. (2007) |
| Herbert Nägele collection |
| Keller et al. (1986) |
Norway | |
| Husdal (2019) |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2000) +2 other references |
| Macioch et al. (2018) |
| Kucha (2021) +1 other reference |
| Kucha (2021) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data |
Russia | |
| Pekov I.V. et al. (2010) |
| ... |
| Зубрев И.Н |
| Nazarchuk et al. (2023) |
| Eremin et al. (2023) |
Slovakia | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Hoppanová E. et al. (2021) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019) |
| Joan Rosell (2021) |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) | |
| Joan Vinals & Miguel Calvo (2007) |
Casanova Honrubia | |
Switzerland | |
| Meisser (1999) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Gorsatt (Ed.) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2005) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
UK | |
| Bruce et al. (1998) |
| |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| S. Rust collection |
Rocks & Min.: 60 (1) +2 other references | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Braithwaite et al. (1990) |
Day (1999) | |
| R. S. W. Braithwaite and J. R. Knight (1990) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (1958) +3 other references |
| Holland et al. (1958) +1 other reference |
| Galbraith (1959) |
Galbraith (1959) | |
Galbraith (1959) | |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Leicht (1971) +1 other reference |
| Gornitz (2004) |
| Granger (1969) +1 other reference |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 330. +2 other references |
MacKevett et al. (1960) +2 other references | |
| Walker et al. (1956) +2 other references |
| Walker et al. (1956) +1 other reference |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 330. +2 other references | |
| Dunning et al. (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Minerals: Sept |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Am Min 50:909-923 +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min.:65:59. |
| Meschter (1953) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ... +1 other reference |
| Ameican Mineralogist +2 other references |
| B. Wilkens collection. |
| Dunn (1995) +1 other reference |
| Smith and Hoff (1984) |
| Smith and Hioff (1984) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
Bullock (1981) | |
Bullock (1981) | |
Bullock (1981) | |
Page et al. (1956) +2 other references | |
Thomspon et al. (1956) +1 other reference | |
Bullock (1981) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Collected by and in the collection of +1 other reference |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Page et al. (1956) +2 other references |
Bullock (1981) | |
Bullock (1981) | |
Bullock (1981) | |
| Min Rec 26:5 p486 |
| collected by and in the collection of ... |
Page et al. (1956) +2 other references | |
Bullock (1981) | |
| USGS TEI #514 +4 other references |
Trites et al. (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) |
Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22 | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Page et al. (1956) +2 other references |
Rocks & Minerals 76:386 | |
Uzbekistan | |
| Pekov (1998) +1 other reference |
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