Srilankite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Srilankite
Flag of Sri Lanka
Formula:
ZrTi2O6
Colour:
Black, blackish brown
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
4.6
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1983 by Alexander Willgallis, Eveline Siegmann, and Theja Hettiaratchi after its discovery locality at Rakwana, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka. The mineral serendibite is also named after the country.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3737
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3737:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
c7f167a7-77f4-465e-b6fe-bb7f94104a8d
IMA Classification of Srilankite
Approved
IMA Formula:
TiO2
Approval year:
1982
First published:
1983
Classification of Srilankite
4.DB.25
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4.4.13.2
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
7.10.4
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
10 : Oxides of Zr and Th
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
10 : Oxides of Zr and Th
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Sri | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Srilankite
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Black, blackish brown
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
not given
not given
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.6 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.77 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Srilankite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
n = 2.38
2V:
Measured: 16°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.000
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Anisotropism:
observed
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 480nm | 19.4% | 18.6% |
| 546nm | 18.4% | 16.0% |
| 589nm | 18.5% | 16.4% |
| 649nm | 18.7% | 17.0% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 19.4%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
gray white
Internal Reflections:
Brown, dark blue
Chemistry of Srilankite
Mindat Formula:
ZrTi2O6
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Srilankite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbcn
Setting:
Pbcn
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.708(5) Å, b = 5.553(5) Å, c = 5.019(4) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.848 : 1 : 0.904
Unit Cell V:
131.21 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Tabular crystal, often twinned
Twinning:
Interpenetration and contact twins
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0008983 | Srilankite | Troitzsch U, Christy A G, Ellis D J (2005) The crystal structure of disordered (Zr,Ti)O2 solid solution Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32 504-514 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0008984 | Srilankite | Troitzsch U, Christy A G, Ellis D J (2005) The crystal structure of disordered (Zr,Ti)O2 solid solution Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32 504-514 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0008985 | Srilankite | Troitzsch U, Christy A G, Ellis D J (2005) The crystal structure of disordered (Zr,Ti)O2 solid solution Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32 504-514 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0008986 | Srilankite | Troitzsch U, Christy A G, Ellis D J (2005) The crystal structure of disordered (Zr,Ti)O2 solid solution Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32 504-514 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0008987 | Srilankite | Troitzsch U, Christy A G, Ellis D J (2005) The crystal structure of disordered (Zr,Ti)O2 solid solution Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32 504-514 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0008988 | Srilankite | Troitzsch U, Christy A G, Ellis D J (2005) The crystal structure of disordered (Zr,Ti)O2 solid solution Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32 504-514 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0008989 | Srilankite | Troitzsch U, Christy A G, Ellis D J (2005) The crystal structure of disordered (Zr,Ti)O2 solid solution Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32 504-514 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0010854 | Srilankite | Willgallis A, Hartl H (1983) (Zr0.33Ti0.67)O2 - ein naturliches zirkonium-titanoxid mit alpha-PbO2-struktur Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 164 59-66 |  | 1983 | Rakwana, Sri Lanka | 0 | 293 |
| 0016662 | Srilankite | Bordet P, McHale A, Santoro A, Roth R (1986) Powder neutron diffraction study of ZrTiO4, Zr5Ti7O24, and FeNb2O6 _cod_database_code 1008790 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 64 30-46 | 1986 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.61 Å | (25) |
| 2.92 Å | (100) |
| 1.864 Å | (15) |
| 1.793 Å | (15) |
| 1.721 Å | (30) |
| 1.692 Å | (25) |
| 1.516 Å | (35) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals |
Type Occurrence of Srilankite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 165370.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Alluvial deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Willgallis, A., Siegmann, E., Hettiaratchi, T. (1983) Srilankite, a new Zr-Ti-oxide mineral. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1983: 151-157.
Synonyms of Srilankite
Other Language Names for Srilankite
Relationship of Srilankite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Calciosamarskite | (Ca,U4+)Fe3+(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 | Mon. |
| Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Samarskite-(Yb) | YbFe3+(Nb,Ta)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Shakhdaraite-(Y) | ScYNb2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Yttrotantalite-(Y) | (Y,U,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)4 | Orth. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Srilankite associated with Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| 1 photo of Srilankite associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
| 1 photo of Srilankite associated with Baddeleyite | ZrO2 |
| 1 photo of Srilankite associated with Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| 1 photo of Srilankite associated with Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| 1 photo of Srilankite associated with Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 1 photo of Srilankite associated with Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| 1 photo of Srilankite associated with Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DB. | Nioboheftetjernite | ScNbO4 |
| 4.DB. | Shakhdaraite-(Y) | ScYNb2O8 |
| 4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Nb0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-([]) | (Nb0.8◻0.2)4+O2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Argutite | GeO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Rutile | TiO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Tripuhyite | Fe3+Sb5+O4 |
| 4.DB.05 | Tugarinovite | MoO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Varlamoffite | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
| 4.DB.10 | Byströmite | MgSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Ordoñezite | ZnSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tredouxite | NiSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.15b | Akhtenskite | ε-Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15c | Nsutite | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 |
| 4.DB.15a | Paramontroseite | V4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15a | Ramsdellite | Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.20 | Scrutinyite | α-PbO2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Calciosamarskite | (Ca,U4+)Fe3+(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Yb) | YbFe3+(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Fe2+) | (Ta0.67Fe2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Ta0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB.30 | Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Sanmartinite | (Zn,Fe)WO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Krasnoselskite | CoWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Heftetjernite | ScTaO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Huanzalaite | MgWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 va | Wolframite Group | |
| 4.DB.30 | Rossovskyite | (Fe3+,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O4 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Qitianlingite | (Fe,Mn)2(Nb,Ta)2WO10 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrowodginite | Fe2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiotantite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiowodginite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Titanowodginite | Mn2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrotitanowodginite | Fe2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Tantalowodginite | (Mn2+0.5◻0.5)TaTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Wolframowodginite | Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8 |
| 4.DB.45 | Tivanite | V3+TiO3(OH) |
| 4.DB.50 | Carmichaelite | (Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x] |
| 4.DB.55 | Alumotantite | AlTaO4 |
| 4.DB.60 | Biehlite | ((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4] |
Fluorescence of Srilankite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Srilankite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3737.html
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References for Srilankite
Localities for Srilankite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Indian Ocean | |
| Morishita +4 other references |
Italy | |
| Tumiati et al. (2018) |
Myanmar | |
| Themelis (2008) |
Russia | |
| V. G. Korinevsky & I. A. Blinov (2016) |
| Mikhailova et al. (2007) |
South Africa | |
| Konzett et al. (2013) |
Sri Lanka (TL) | |
| Neues Jahrb.Min. (1983) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Mineralogical Record: 32: 211 +1 other reference |
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Atlantis II Fracture Zone, Southwest Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean