Carmichaelite
A valid IMA mineral species
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Formula:
(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x]
Colour:
Cinnamon brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
4.13 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by L. Wang, R.C. Rouse, E.J. Essene, D.R. Peacor, and Y. Zhang in 2000 for Ian S. E. Carmichael (29 March 1930, London, England - 26 August 2011, Berkeley, California, USA), Professor of Geology at the University of California, Berkeley, in recognition of his numerous contributions to mineralogy and petrology, especially his studies of iron-titanium oxides from volcanic and mantle settings.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6849
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6849:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b2db111c-7d70-429a-b12f-568266468dcc
Classification of Carmichaelite
Approved
Approval year:
1996
First published:
2000
Type description reference:
4.DB.50
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Cmh | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Carmichaelite
Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Cinnamon brown
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
4.13 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Carmichaelite
Type:
Biaxial
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Colour in reflected light:
gray to white
Chemical Properties of Carmichaelite
Formula:
(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x]
IMA Formula:
(Ti,Cr,Fe)(O,OH)2
Crystallography of Carmichaelite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.706(1) Å, b = 4.5583(6) Å, c = 20.187(3) Å
β = 92.334(2)°
β = 92.334(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.691 : 1 : 4.429
Unit Cell V:
708.51 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
22
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0002458 | Carmichaelite | Wang L, Rouse R C, Essene E J, Peacor D R, Zhang Y (2000) Carmichaelite, a new hydroxyl-bearing titanate from Garnet Ridge, Arizona American Mineralogist 85 792-800 | 2000 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.842 Å | (100) |
3.773 Å | (94) |
2.664 Å | (70) |
1.688 Å | (54) |
1.679 Å | (44) |
1.661 Å | (44) |
1.648 Å | (34) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
41 : Mantle metasomatism |
Type Occurrence of Carmichaelite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Anhedral to subhedral crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (catalogue number NMNH 172011.)
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Inclusions in pyrope in serpentinized ultramafic microbreccias containing comminuted crustal rocks and mantle xenoliths.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Wang, L., Rouse, R.C., Essene, E.J., Peacor, D.R., Zhang, Y. (2000) Carmichaelite, a new hydroxyl-bearing titanite from Garnet Ridge, Arizona. American Mineralogist: 85: 792-800.
Synonyms of Carmichaelite
Other Language Names for Carmichaelite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.DB. | Nioboheftetjernite | ScNbO4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.DB. | Shakhdaraite-(Y) | ScYNb2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Nb0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-([]) | (Nb0.8◻0.2)4+O2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB.05 | Argutite | GeO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.05 | Cassiterite | SnO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.05 | Plattnerite | PbO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.05 | Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.05 | Rutile | TiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.05 | Tripuhyite | Fe3+Sb5+O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.05 | Tugarinovite | MoO2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.DB.05 | Varlamoffite | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 | |
4.DB.10 | Byströmite | MgSb2O6 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.10 | Ordoñezite | ZnSb2O6 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.10 | Tredouxite | NiSb2O6 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
4.DB.15b | Akhtenskite | ε-Mn4+O2 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
4.DB.15c | Nsutite | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 | Hex. |
4.DB.15a | Paramontroseite | V4+O2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.DB.15a | Ramsdellite | Mn4+O2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.DB.20 | Scrutinyite | α-PbO2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB.25 | Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 | Mon. |
4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
4.DB.25 | Srilankite | ZrTi2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB.25 | Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 | |
4.DB.25 | Calciosamarskite | (Ca,U4+)Fe3+(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Yb) | YbFe3+(Nb,Ta)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Fe2+) | (Ta0.67Fe2+0.33)O2 | Orth. |
4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Ta0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 | Orth. |
4.DB.30 | Ferberite | FeWO4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
4.DB.30 | Hübnerite | MnWO4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
4.DB.30 | Sanmartinite | (Zn,Fe)WO4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.DB.30 | Krasnoselskite | CoWO4 | Mon. |
4.DB.30 | Heftetjernite | ScTaO4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
4.DB.30 | Huanzalaite | MgWO4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
4.DB.30 va | Wolframite Group | ||
4.DB.30 | Rossovskyite | (Fe3+,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 | Orth. |
4.DB.35 | Qitianlingite | (Fe,Mn)2(Nb,Ta)2WO10 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB.40 | Ferrowodginite | Fe2+Sn4+Ta2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.DB.40 | Lithiotantite | LiTa3O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.DB.40 | Lithiowodginite | LiTa3O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.DB.40 | Titanowodginite | Mn2+TiTa2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.DB.40 | Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.DB.40 | Ferrotitanowodginite | Fe2+TiTa2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.DB.40 | Tantalowodginite | (Mn2+0.5◻0.5)TaTa2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.DB.40 | Wolframowodginite | Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8 | |
4.DB.45 | Tivanite | V3+TiO3(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.DB.55 | Alumotantite | AlTaO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
4.DB.60 | Biehlite | ((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Carmichaelite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6849.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Carmichaelite
Reference List:
Localities for Carmichaelite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
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