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Karoo Basin - Molteno, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Group	Karoo Basin
Formation	Molteno
Age:	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Interval	Carnian
Tectonic Setting	Cratonic basin
Lithology	shale/mudstone, mudstone/"shale"
Number of Collections	8
Number of Occurrences	173

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
Matatiele	Alfred Nzo District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Karoo Basin - Molteno
Cyphergat	Chris Hani District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Karoo Basin - Molteno
Pen 321	Chris Hani District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Karoo Basin - Molteno
Konings Kroon	Chris Hani District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Karoo Basin - Molteno
Aasvoelberg	Chris Hani District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Karoo Basin - Molteno
Lut 311	Joe Gqabi District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Karoo Basin - Molteno
Askeaton	Chris Hani District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Karoo Basin - Molteno

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Cycadolepis sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadeoideaceae : *Cycadolepis*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Lepidopteris sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Peltaspermaceae : *Lepidopteris*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Peltaspermum sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Peltaspermaceae : *Peltaspermum*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Sphenobaiera sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Ginkgoopsida : Ginkgoales : Karkeniaceae : *Sphenobaiera*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Dicroidium sp. genus	6	Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Peltaspermopsida : Peltaspermales : Umkomasiaceae : *Dicroidium*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Pteruchus sp. genus	6	Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Peltaspermopsida : Peltaspermales : Umkomasiaceae : *Pteruchus*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Umkomasia sp. genus	6	Plantae : Peltaspermophyta : Peltaspermopsida : Peltaspermales : Umkomasiaceae : *Umkomasia*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Heidiphyllum sp. genus	6	Plantae : Pinophyta : *Heidiphyllum*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Telemachus sp. genus	6	Plantae : Pinophyta : *Telemachus*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Pagiophyllum sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : *Pagiophyllum*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Rissikia sp. genus	6	Plantae : Pinophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : *Rissikia*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Kurtziana sp. genus	6	Plantae : Pteridospermophyta : *Kurtziana*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Moltenocupes townrowi species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Cupedidae : Moltenocupes : *Moltenocupes townrowi*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Afristella delicatula species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Mesopanorpodidae : Afristella : *Afristella delicatula*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Reisia rieki species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Triadotypidae : Reisia : *Reisia rieki*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Triassoblatta robusta species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Triassoblattidae : Triassoblatta : *Triassoblatta robusta*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Afrohagla sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Haglidae : *Afrohagla*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Afrohagla contorta species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Haglidae : Afrohagla : *Afrohagla contorta*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Haglidae family	5	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Haglidae	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Voliopus margueritae species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Haglidae : Voliopus : *Voliopus margueritae*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Dordrechtia aasvoelbergensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Proparagryllacrididae : Dordrechtia : *Dordrechtia aasvoelbergensis*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Dordrechtia robusta species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Proparagryllacrididae : Dordrechtia : *Dordrechtia robusta*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Proparagryllacrididae family	5	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Proparagryllacrididae	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Lutheria dewetii species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Xenopteridae : Lutheria : *Lutheria dewetii*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Fletchitzia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Grylloblattodea : Geinitziidae : *Fletchitzia*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Muscites sp. genus	6	Plantae : Bryophyta : Bryopsida : *Muscites*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Androstrobus sp. genus	6	Plantae : Cycadophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Beaniaceae : *Androstrobus*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Pseudoctenis sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : *Pseudoctenis*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Equisetum sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Equisetales : Equisetaceae : *Equisetum*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Ginkgoites sp. genus	6	Plantae : Ginkgophyta : Ginkgoopsida : Ginkgoales : *Ginkgoites*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Taeniopteris sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Crossozamiaceae : *Taeniopteris*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Gontriglossa sp. genus	6	Plantae : Gnetophyta : Gnetopsida : *Gontriglossa*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Pteridophyta phylum	2	Plantae : Pteridophyta	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Lycopsida class	3	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Lycopsida	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Pteridopsida class	3	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Gymnospermopsida class	3	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Gymnospermopsida	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic

References

Riek E. F. (1974) Upper Triassic Insects from the Molteno "Formation", South Africa, Palaeontologia Africana 17, 19-31

Anderson J. M., Anderson H. M. (2000) Table 35 Molteno vegetative genera, phytosociological table

Wappler T. (2001) New orthopteroid insects from the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation, Karoo Basin, southern Africa, Acta Geologica Leopoldensia 24 52/53, 87-104

Wappler T. (2001) Haglidae (Insecta: Orthoptera) aus der obertriassichen Molteno-Formation im südlichen Afrika, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 222, 329-352

Deregnaucourt I., Wappler T., et al (2017) A new triadotypid insect from the Late Triassic of South Africa, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62, 613-618

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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