Cooperite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Cooperite
Formula:
PtS
mostly S-deficient
Colour:
Steel gray to silvery white
Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
9.5
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named by F. Wartenweiler in 1928 in honor of Richard A. Cooper (1890–1972), South Africa, who first described the mineral.
Co-Type Localities:
Dimorph of:
Cooperite is different from braggite and contains only negligible admixtures of Pd and Ni - in contrast, braggite is stabilised by Pd (and Ni) contents.
There is a miscibility gap between cooperite and braggite (Merkle & Verryn, 2003).
Beside the main reflections corresponding to P42/mmc space group (small cell) there are weak reflections that fit the I4/mmm cell (large one); this latter cell has doubled parameters. There are 2 special positions statistically occupied by S atoms (Rozhdestvina et al., 2016).
Compare 'UM1978-17-S:IrOsPtRu' and 'Unnamed (Pt Sulphide)'.
There is a miscibility gap between cooperite and braggite (Merkle & Verryn, 2003).
Beside the main reflections corresponding to P42/mmc space group (small cell) there are weak reflections that fit the I4/mmm cell (large one); this latter cell has doubled parameters. There are 2 special positions statistically occupied by S atoms (Rozhdestvina et al., 2016).
Compare 'UM1978-17-S:IrOsPtRu' and 'Unnamed (Pt Sulphide)'.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1123
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1123:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
f60b5ebb-e38e-45ef-8432-eadb4dfa8642
IMA Classification of Cooperite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1928
Classification of Cooperite
2.CC.35b
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
2.8.5.1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.12.44
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Cpe | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Cpa | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Cooperite
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Steel gray to silvery white
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=743 - 1018 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {011}
On {011}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
9.5 g/cm3 (Measured) 10.2 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cooperite
Anisotropism:
Strong, greenish gray to whitish yellow to brown gray and brown
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 40.9% | 46.6% |
| 420nm | 42.0% | 47.3% |
| 440nm | 42.6% | 47.9% |
| 460nm | 42.7% | 48.3% |
| 480nm | 42.2% | 48.4% |
| 500nm | 41.5% | 48.2% |
| 520nm | 40.4% | 47.8% |
| 540nm | 39.4% | 47.2% |
| 560nm | 38.5% | 46.6% |
| 580nm | 37.8% | 46.1% |
| 600nm | 37.2% | 45.5% |
| 620nm | 36.6% | 45.1% |
| 640nm | 36.0% | 44.7% |
| 660nm | 35.6% | 44.2% |
| 680nm | 35.1% | 43.7% |
| 700nm | 34.6% | 43.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 48.4%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Light brown
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
From white to creamy white to bluish white
Chemistry of Cooperite
Mindat Formula:
PtS
mostly S-deficient
mostly S-deficient
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Cooperite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P42/mmc
Setting:
P42/mmc
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.4700 Å, c = 6.1096 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.761
Unit Cell V:
73.57 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Distorted crystal fragments, irregular grains to 1.5mm
Twinning:
Occasionally
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012398 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012399 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012400 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012401 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012402 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012403 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012404 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012405 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012406 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012407 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012408 | Cooperite | Rozhdestvina V I, Ivanov A V, Zaremba M A, Antsutkin O N, Forsling W (2008) Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy Crystallography Reports 53 391-397 | 2008 | Sea of Okhotsk region, Maimakansk zone, Far East | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018175 | Cooperite | Bannister F, Hey M (1932) Determination of minerals in platinum concentrates from the transvall by x-ray methods. _cod_database_code 1011334 Mineralogical Magazine 23 188-206 | 1932 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.47 Å | (4) |
| 3.02 Å | (100) |
| 2.452 Å | (16) |
| 2.291 Å | (4) |
| 1.910 Å | (35) |
| 1.754 Å | (20) |
| 1.733 Å | (16) |
| 1.525 Å | (6) |
| 1.505 Å | (35b) |
| 1.296 Å | (8) |
| 1.233 Å | (16) |
| 1.226 Å | (6) |
| 1.152 Å | (8) |
| 1.146 Å | (10) |
| 1.137 Å | (10b) |
| 1.032 Å | (16) |
| 1.018 Å | (1) |
| 1.005 Å | (6) |
| 0.960 Å | (6) |
| 0.956 Å | (10) |
| 0.950 Å | (10) |
| 0.940 Å | (10) |
| 0.891 Å | (10) |
| 0.878 Å | (4) |
| 0.870 Å | (10) |
| 0.867 Å | (4) |
| 0.846 Å | (8) |
| 0.840 Å | (8) |
| 0.834 Å | (16b) |
| 0.818 Å | (4) |
| 0.790 Å | (16) |
| 0.783 Å | (10) |
| 0.778 Å | (25) |
| 0.776 Å | (25) |
Comments:
ICDD 18-972 Synthetic. See also ICDD 26-1303
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals |
Type Occurrence of Cooperite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Silvery white metallic to steel gray metallic.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, number 1932,1301.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, number 101935.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, number 101935.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Norites.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Wartenweiler, F. (1928) Discussion on a new platinum mineral in the Rustenburg norites. Journal of the Chemical, Metallurgical, and Mining Society of South Africa: 28: 281-283.
Synonyms of Cooperite
Other Language Names for Cooperite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Cooperite associated with Braggite | PdPt3S4 |
| 3 photos of Cooperite associated with Moncheite | Pt(Te,Bi)2 |
| 2 photos of Cooperite associated with Isoferroplatinum | Pt3Fe |
| 1 photo of Cooperite associated with Cherepanovite | RhAs |
| 1 photo of Cooperite associated with Osmium | (Os,Ir,Ru) |
| 1 photo of Cooperite associated with Platinum | Pt |
| 1 photo of Cooperite associated with Malanite | Cu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4 |
| 1 photo of Cooperite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 1 photo of Cooperite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 1 photo of Cooperite associated with Kashinite | Ir2S3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.CC. | Tilkerodeite | Pd2HgSe3 |
| 2.CC. | UM2007-26-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ir,Cu,Ni,Pt,Rh,Fe)9S11 |
| 2.CC. | Crowningshieldite | (Ni0.9Fe0.10)S |
| 2.CC. | Eliopoulosite | V7S8 |
| 2.CC. | Kuvaevite | Ir5Ni10S16 |
| 2.CC. | Torryweiserite | Rh5Ni10S16 |
| 2.CC. | Tamuraite | Ir5Fe10S16 |
| 2.CC. | Ferrotorryweiserite | Rh5Fe10S16 |
| 2.CC.05 | Achávalite | FeSe |
| 2.CC.05 | Breithauptite | NiSb |
| 2.CC.05 | Freboldite | CoSe |
| 2.CC.05 | Kotulskite | Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4) |
| 2.CC.05 | Langisite | CoAs |
| 2.CC.05 | Nickeline | NiAs |
| 2.CC.05 | Sederholmite | beta-NiSe |
| 2.CC.05 | Sobolevskite | PdBi |
| 2.CC.05 | Stumpflite | PtSb |
| 2.CC.05 | Sudburyite | PdSb |
| 2.CC.05 | Jaipurite | CoS |
| 2.CC.05 | Zlatogorite | NiCuSb2 |
| 2.CC.10 | Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| 2.CC.10 | Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
| 2.CC.10 | Troilite | FeS |
| 2.CC.15 | Cherepanovite | RhAs |
| 2.CC.15 | Modderite | (Co,Fe)As |
| 2.CC.15 | Ruthenarsenite | (Ru,Ni)As |
| 2.CC.15 | Westerveldite | (Fe,Ni,Co)As |
| 2.CC.15 | Minakawaite | RhSb |
| 2.CC.20 | Millerite | NiS |
| 2.CC.20 | Mäkinenite | γ-NiSe |
| 2.CC.20 | UM1990-38-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ni,Fe,Rh,Cu,Ir,Pt)S |
| 2.CC.25 | Mackinawite | FeS |
| 2.CC.30 | Hexatestibiopanickelite | (Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te) ? |
| 2.CC.30 | Vavřínite | Ni2SbTe2 |
| 2.CC.35a | Braggite | PdPt3S4 |
| 2.CC.35a | Vysotskite | PdS |
| 2.CC.45 | Jacutingaite | Pt2HgSe3 |
| 2.CC.50 | Imgreite | NiTe (?) |
Fluorescence of Cooperite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Platinum ore.
Internet Links for Cooperite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1123.html
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References for Cooperite
Reference List:
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Cabri, Louis J., Laflamme, J. H. Gilles, Stewart, John M., Turner, Kent, Skinner, Brian J. (1978) On cooperite, braggite, and vysotskite. American Mineralogist, 63 (9-10) 832-839
Criddle, Alan J., Stanley, Christopher J. (1985) Characteristic optical data for cooperite, braggite and vysotskite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 23 (2) 149-162
Verryn, Sabine M. C., Merkle, Roland K. W. (1994) Compositional variation of cooperite, braggite, and vysotskite from the Bushveld Complex. Mineralogical Magazine, 58 (391) 223-234 doi:10.1180/minmag.1994.058.391.05
Verryn, S. M. C., Merkle, R. K. W. (2000) Synthetic "Cooperite", "Braggite", and "Vysotskite" in the system PtS-PdS-NiS at 1100°C, 1000°C, and 900°C. Mineralogy and Petrology, 68 (1) 63-73 doi:10.1007/s007100050003
Localities for Cooperite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Minneapolis adit, J-M Reef, Stillwater County, Montana, USA