Margarite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Margarite
Formula:
CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Colour:
Grayish, pale pink, yellow, green. Colorless in thin section.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
3½ - 4½
Specific Gravity:
2.99 - 3.08
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
First named 'pearl-mica' by Friedrich Mohs (1820) because of its luster. The current name was given in 1823 by Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, from the Greek for pearl.
Type Locality:
Mica Group.
Hintze (Vol. 2, 1897) gives Sterzing (Vipiteno), South Tyrol as the TL of margarite and refers to Mohs (1820). In fact, Mohs described the mineral but did not provide an analysis. Therefore, according to von Zepharovich (1873), Greiner Mt. has to be regarded as the TL, based on the data provided by Senger.
2M1 polytype
Hintze (Vol. 2, 1897) gives Sterzing (Vipiteno), South Tyrol as the TL of margarite and refers to Mohs (1820). In fact, Mohs described the mineral but did not provide an analysis. Therefore, according to von Zepharovich (1873), Greiner Mt. has to be regarded as the TL, based on the data provided by Senger.
2M1 polytype
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2573
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2573:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
9ee7406e-a850-4955-b40b-0243ff3abf56
IMA Classification of Margarite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CaAl2Si2Al2O10(OH)2
Classification of Margarite
9.EC.30
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
71.2.2c.1
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
16.9.13
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
9 : Aluminosilicates of Ca
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
9 : Aluminosilicates of Ca
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mrg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Mrg | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Mrg | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Mrg | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Mrg | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Mrg | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Pronunciation of Margarite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Margarite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavages, vitreous on lateral faces.
Colour:
Grayish, pale pink, yellow, green. Colorless in thin section.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ - 4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Density:
2.99 - 3.08 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.077 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Margarite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.630 - 1.638 nβ = 1.642 - 1.648 nγ = 1.644 - 1.650
2V:
Measured: 40° to 67°, Calculated: 42° to 46°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.014
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v distinct
Optical Extinction:
Z = b; X ^ c 11°-13°; Y ^ a 6°-8°
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Margarite
Mindat Formula:
CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Common Impurities:
Na,Mg,Cr,Li,Mn,Fe,K,Ba,Sr,Be,H2O
Crystallography of Margarite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.11 Å, b = 8.79 Å, c = 19.15 Å
β = 95.15°
β = 95.15°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.581 : 1 : 2.179
Unit Cell V:
856.69 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Twinning:
On composition plane {001}, with twin axis [310].
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000477 | Margarite | Guggenheim S, Bailey S W (1975) Refinement of the margarite structure in subgroup symmetry American Mineralogist 60 1023-1029 | 1975 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000615 | Margarite | Guggenheim S, Bailey S W (1978) Refinement of the margarite structure in subgroup symmetry: correction, further refinement, and comments American Mineralogist 63 186-187 | 1978 | 0 | 293 | ||
0019603 | Margarite | Joswig W, Takeuchi Y, Fuess H (1983) Neutron-diffraction study on the orientation of hydroxyl groups in margarite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 165 295-303 | 1983 | Greiner, Zillertal, Autria | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.180 Å | (100) |
3.123 Å | (14) |
2.517 Å | (25) |
2.508 Å | (18) |
1.908 Å | (35) |
1.903 Å | (18) |
1.466 Å | (16) |
Comments:
Material from Shin-Kiura mine, Japan.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Margarite
Synonyms of Margarite
Other Language Names for Margarite
Varieties of Margarite
Beryllium-bearing Margarite | A beryllium-rich variety of margarite |
Magnesiomargarite | Mg-bearing variety of margarite. |
Na-(Mg,Fe)-margarite | A variety of the mica margarite described by Godard and Smith (1999) as "being a solid solution between margarite and a hypothetical 2.5-octahedral end-member with the ideal formula of Na2☐1(Mg,Fe)1Al4IV[Si4Al4IV]O20(OH)4. This last composition can be c... |
Relationship of Margarite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Anandite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Chernykhite | (Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
Chloroferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(Cl,OH,F)2 | |
Clintonite | CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Ferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Fluorokinoshitalite | BaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Ganterite | (Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Kinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Oxykinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
23 photos of Margarite associated with Corundum | Al2O3 |
17 photos of Margarite associated with Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
14 photos of Margarite associated with Corundite | |
12 photos of Margarite associated with Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
11 photos of Margarite associated with Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
10 photos of Margarite associated with Corundophilite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
10 photos of Margarite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9 photos of Margarite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
9 photos of Margarite associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
9 photos of Margarite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.EC. | Balestraite | KLi2V5+Si4O12 |
9.EC. | Meifuite | KFe6(Si7Al)O19(OH)4Cl2 |
9.EC.05 | Minnesotaite | Fe2+3Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.05 | Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.05 | Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.9.EC. | Voloshinite | Rb(LiAl1.5◻0.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2 |
9.EC.10 | Ferripyrophyllite | Fe3+Si2O5(OH) |
9.EC.10 | Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.10 | Luanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.10 | Fluorluanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2 |
9.EC.10 | Manganiceladonite | K(MgMn3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.10 | Garmite | CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.10 | Gorbunovite | CsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2 |
9.EC.15 | Boromuscovite | KAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Chernykhite | (Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Montdorite | (K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)5(Si4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
9.EC.15 | Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Nanpingite | CsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.15 | Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Roscoelite | K(V3+,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Tobelite | (NH4,K)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Aluminoceladonite | K(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Chromphyllite | K(Cr,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.15 | Ferroaluminoceladonite | K(Fe2+Al◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Ferroceladonite | K(Fe2+Fe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Chromceladonite | K(MgCr◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Tainiolite | KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.15 | Ganterite | (Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMg | KLiMgAl2Si3O10F2 |
9.EC.15 | Kreiterite | CsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Annite | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Hendricksite | KZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Norrishite | KLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2 |
9.EC.20 | Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Polylithionite | KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Preiswerkite | NaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Siderophyllite | KFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.20 | Fluorotetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Wonesite | (Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
9.EC.20 | Eastonite | KMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Tetraferriannite | KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Trilithionite | K(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Fluorannite | KFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
9.EC.20 | Shirokshinite | K(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Shirozulite | KMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Sokolovaite | CsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Aspidolite | NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
9.EC.20 | UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi | (Cs,K)(Al,Li)2.6((Si,Al)4O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Suhailite | (NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Yangzhumingite | KMg2.5(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Orlovite | KLi2Ti(Si4O10)OF |
9.EC.20 | Oxyphlogopite | K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2 |
9.EC.20 | Chloroferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(Cl,OH,F)2 |
9.EC.22 | Pimelite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O |
9.EC.30 | Chlorophaeite | (Ca,Mg,Fe)2Fe2Si4O13 · 10H2O |
9.EC.35 | Anandite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Clintonite | CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Kinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Ferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.35 | Oxykinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2 |
9.EC.35 | Fluorokinoshitalite | BaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2 |
9.EC.40 | Beidellite | (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
9.EC.40 | Kurumsakite | (Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 · 27H2O (?) |
9.EC.40 | Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
9.EC.40 | Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
9.EC.40 | Volkonskoite | Ca0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
9.EC.40 | Yakhontovite | (Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
9.EC.45 | Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.45 | Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
9.EC.45 | Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
9.EC.45 | Spadaite | MgSiO2(OH)2 · H2O (?) |
9.EC.45 | Stevensite | (Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.45 | Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
9.EC.45 | Zincsilite | Zn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?) |
9.EC.45 | Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
9.EC.45 | Hanjiangite | Ba2CaV3+Al(H2AlSi3O12)(CO3)2F |
9.EC.50 | Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
9.EC.52 | Tarasovite | near NaKAl11Si13O40(OH)9 · 3H2O |
9.EC.55 | Baileychlore | (Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
9.EC.55 | Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Franklinfurnaceite | Ca2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Nimite | (Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Orthochamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
9.EC.55 | Pennantite | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Sudoite | Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Donbassite | Al4.33(Si3Al)O10(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Glagolevite | Na(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
9.EC.55 | Borocookeite | (LiAl4◻)[BSi3O10](OH)8 |
9.EC.60 | Aliettite | Ca0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
9.EC.60 | Corrensite | (Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O |
9.EC.60 | Dozyite | Mg7Al2(Al2Si4O15)(OH)12 |
9.EC.60 | Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
9.EC.60 | Karpinskite | (Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?) |
9.EC.60 | Kulkeite | Mg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10 |
9.EC.60 | Lunijianlaite | Li0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10 |
9.EC.60 | Rectorite | (Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
9.EC.60 | Saliotite | (Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5 |
9.EC.60 | Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
9.EC.60 | Brinrobertsite | Na0.3Al4(Si4O10)2(OH)4 · 3.5 H2O |
9.EC.65 | Macaulayite | (Fe,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2 |
9.EC.70 | Burckhardtite | Pb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6 |
9.EC.75 | Ferrisurite | (Pb,Ca)2.4Fe3+2(Si4O10)(CO3)1.7(OH)3 · nH2O |
9.EC.75 | Surite | (Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2 |
9.EC.75 | Niksergievite | (Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6 · nH2O |
9.EC.80 | Kegelite | Pb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Margarite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2573.html
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References for Margarite
Reference List:
Ross, Clarence S., Kerr, Paul F. (1932) The manganese minerals of a vein near Bald Knob, North Carolina. American Mineralogist, 17 (1) 1-18
Rieder, M., Cavazzini, G., D’Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A., Gottardt, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Muller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radoslovich, E.W., Robert, J.L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., Wones, D.R. (1998) Nomenclature of the micas. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36 (3) 905-912
Bucher, K., de Capitani, C., Grapes, R. (2005) The development of a margarite-corundum blackwall by metasomatic alteration of a slice of mica schist in ultramafic rock, Kvesjöen, Norwegian Caledonides. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43 (1) 129-156 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.1.129
Localities for Margarite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Garnier et al. (2008) |
Australia | |
| Slack et al. (1993) |
| Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection |
| Carr (2003) |
| R Bottrill |
| Marshall et al. (2016) |
- (2002) | |
Marshall et al. (2016) | |
Austria | |
| I. Praetzel: Der Karinthin 93:293-301 (1985) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| DOPPLER (2010) |
Exel (1993) | |
| Fechner et al. (1985) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| Bernhard et al. (2006) |
| W. Senger: "Oryctographie der Gefürsteten Grafschaft Tirols" (Innsbruck) |
Belgium | |
| Beugnies (1976) +1 other reference |
| de Béthune (1977) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| - (2002) |
| Oliver |
Bulgaria | |
| Dekov et al. (2009) |
Kievlenko et al. (2003) | |
Canada | |
| Normand (2001) +1 other reference |
China | |
| Jianhong Zhang et al. (1989) |
| Ruyuan Zhang and Liou (1994) |
| Jingwen Mao et al. (1996) |
| Zhang et al. (2004) |
| Hongrui Fan et al. (2005) |
Czech Republic | |
| Loun J. et al. (Česká republika) |
| Kruťa et al. (Sborník Přírodovědecké společnosti v Ostravě) |
| Litochleb |
| Houzar |
Europe | |
| Zelinková et al. (2022) |
Finland | |
| Sipilä |
| Lahti et al. (1–2) |
| Bergverksmuseets Skrift 33 |
France | |
| F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites ... |
| G. Kurat et al. (1981) |
| C. Derré |
| van Marcke de Lummen (1985) |
Guitard (2010) | |
| INVENTAIRE DU PATRIMOINE GEOLOGIQUE DE ... |
Germany | |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
Greece | |
| Wang et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| Voudouris et al. (2019) |
| Iliopoulos et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Voudouris et al. (2019) |
| www.gfz-potsdam.de (2004) |
| Ockenga et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| 33-35 +2 other references |
Karantoni et al. (2021) | |
Greenland | |
| Katerinopoulou et al. (2012) |
India | |
| Baidya |
Italy | |
| Carlino (1972) |
| Tumiati et al. (2018) |
| |
| Mattioli V. (1987) |
| Appiani et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
Appiani et al. (1995) | |
| Gartner et al. (2002) |
Exel (1993) | |
Japan | |
| Nagata (1982) |
| Miyajima H (2014) |
| Masutomi Museum specimens |
Kazakhstan | |
| Kovalev et al. (2009) |
Mexico | |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
Myanmar | |
| Malsy et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Kyaw Thu (2007) |
Namibia | |
| Bürg et al. (1942) |
Nepal | |
| Garnier et al. (2008) |
New Zealand | |
| Challis et al. (1995) |
| Grapes et al. (1996) |
Wilkins CJ +3 other references | |
McClintock et al. (2010) | |
North Macedonia | |
| Jersek et al. (1999) |
Norway | |
| Nijland et al. (1993) |
| Brueckner (1977) |
| Vanrusselt (2023) |
| Michalsen (2010) |
| Sellbekk et al. (2008) |
| Bucher et al. (2005) |
| Garmo (2013) |
| Smith et al. (1983) |
| Eskola (1921) |
Pakistan | |
| Okrusch et al. (1976) |
Okrusch et al. (1976) | |
Poland | |
| Dera et al. (2023) |
| Ilnicki et al. (2019) |
Russia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Buravleva et al. (2016) |
| Sokol et al. (2023) |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Krymsky et al. (2003, April) |
Ryazantseva (2001) | |
| V.A. Gorelov (1997) |
[World of Stones 12:49] | |
| Avdonin V.N. (2004) |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz) |
| Koděra (1986) |
South Africa | |
| Econ Geol (1994) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| J.M. Azanon and B. Goffé |
| Goffé +3 other references |
Sweden | |
| Nysten (1996) |
| Grensman (1991) |
Switzerland | |
| Graeser S. et al. (2003) |
| Roth (2007) |
| Am Min 88:5-6 pp 789-805 |
Tajikistan | |
| Litvinenko +9 other references |
Turkey | |
| e-collection.library.ethz.ch (n.d.) |
| Erik Vercammen collection |
UK | |
| Chinner (1974) +1 other reference |
Ukraine | |
| Alexander I. Tischenko (1996) |
USA | |
| Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333 |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 431. +2 other references |
| AmMin 64:728 |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 431. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 431. +4 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| on some glaucophane schists +4 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 432. +3 other references |
| on some glaucophane schists +4 other references |
| Jeremy Zolan |
Shannon (1921) +1 other reference | |
Jeremy Zolan | |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
Cook (1978) | |
| Cook (1978) |
| 98-100. +2 other references |
Van Gosen (2005) | |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:205. |
| ... |
AmMin 61:431 (1976) | |
| American Mineralogist 61:431-434 |
| |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Minerals of the Washington |
| Mineralogical Record Vol 12 #3 May/June ... |
| Parker (2014) |
| Cheney et al. () +1 other reference |
| Min Rec (1978) |
Alan R. Plante | |
Min Rec (1978) | |
Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
Alan R. Plante | |
Min Rec (1978) | |
Min Rec (1978) | |
| Emerson (1895) |
| Robinson |
| ... |
| Am Min 49:430-435 +1 other reference |
| Kohn et al. (1993) |
| Orange (1985) |
| Betancourt (The Picking Table, Vol. 27) +1 other reference |
| FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Brannock |
| Dana 6:515 |
Mcrocks.com | |
GEORGIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume 56 ... | |
| Genth |
| Genth |
| Richard James Jacquot |
| Genth +1 other reference |
| Dana 6:1077. |
| Ref.: Dana 6:499 |
Eckert | |
| Dana 6:1077. |
Genth | |
Genth (1891) | |
| Dana: Textbook of Mineralogy +1 other reference |
... | |
| Joe Dunleavy (Pers. Comm.) |
| Mineralogical Record (1981) |
| Econ Geol (1992) |
| AmMin 85:1617-1624 |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| Perkins Geology Museum at the ... |
| Owens et al. (2013) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Vietnam | |
| Pham Van Long et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
Pham Van Long et al. (2004) | |
Pham Van Long et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
Pham Van Long et al. (2004) | |
Pham Van Long et al. (2004) | |
Pham Van Long et al. (2004) | |
Pham Van Long et al. (2004) | |
Zambia | |
| Zwaan et al. (2005) |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection +2 other references |
Zimbabwe | |
| Kerrich et al. (1988) |
| Ackermann et al. (1968) |
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