Gersdorffite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Gersdorffite
Formula:
NiAsS
Colour:
Gray, grayish black, silver white, or tin white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5½
Specific Gravity:
5.9
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1845 by Alexander Löwe in honor of Johann Rudolf Ritter von Gersdorff [March 18, 1781, Bochnia, Galicia, Poland – April 30, 1849, Vienna, Austria], mining expert and owner of the nickel mine at Schladming (ca. 1842). With the description of polymorphs in 1982, the name was changed to gersdorffite-P213. It was renamed back to simply gersdorffite by the IMA in 2022.
Type Locality:
Polymorph of:
Cobaltite-Gersdorffite Series.
See also UM1989-01-AsS:CoFeNi.
Three polytypes, which are probably temperature-dependent, with P213 being the low form (gersdorffite), Pca21 (orthogersdorffite) the intermediate (metastable?) form, and Pa3 (paragersdorffite) the high form.
See also UM1989-01-AsS:CoFeNi.
Three polytypes, which are probably temperature-dependent, with P213 being the low form (gersdorffite), Pca21 (orthogersdorffite) the intermediate (metastable?) form, and Pa3 (paragersdorffite) the high form.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1683
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1683:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
7624053d-8753-4376-8c30-65403074eede
IMA Classification of Gersdorffite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
Classification of Gersdorffite
2.EB.25
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
2.12.3.2
2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
3.11.34
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Gdf-P213 | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Gersdorffite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Gersdorffite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Gray, grayish black, silver white, or tin white
Streak:
Grayish black
Hardness:
5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=657 - 767 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {100}
Perfect on {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.9 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.966 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Gersdorffite
Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R |
---|---|
400nm | 50.2% |
420nm | 49.7% |
440nm | 49.1% |
460nm | 48.6% |
480nm | 47.7% |
500nm | 47.0% |
520nm | 46.2% |
540nm | 45.7% |
560nm | 45.3% |
580nm | 45.1% |
600nm | 45.0% |
620nm | 45.1% |
640nm | 45.3% |
660nm | 45.5% |
680nm | 45.9% |
700nm | 46.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 50.2%.
Colour in reflected light:
White
Chemistry of Gersdorffite
Mindat Formula:
NiAsS
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Co,Sb,Cu
Chemical Analysis
wt%
1 | |
---|---|
S | 17.05 % |
Mn | 0.03 % |
Fe | 8.15 % |
Co | 7.25 % |
Ni | 19.85 % |
As | 46.27 % |
Sb | 1.27 % |
Total: | 99.87 % |
Empirical formulas:
Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
---|---|
1 | (Ni0.57Fe0.25Co0.21)(As0.98Sb0.02)(S0.90As0.07) |
Sample references:
Crystallography of Gersdorffite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3 (2/m 3) - Diploidal
Space Group:
Pa3
Setting:
Pa3
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.66(6) Å
Unit Cell V:
181.32 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Octahedral, cubes, some dodecahedral modifications, pyritohedral.
Comment:
Several polytypes are known; cubic/pseudocubic unit-cell parameter varies, depending on chemical composition: a = 5.60–5.72, 5.594 Å (synthetic).
Crystallographic forms of Gersdorffite
Crystal Atlas:
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Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
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Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
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Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.848 Å | (60) |
2.545 Å | (100) |
2.325 Å | (90) |
2.013 Å | (35) |
1.716 Å | (80) |
1.521 Å | (35) |
1.096 Å | (20) |
Comments:
Synthetic sample.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals |
Geological Setting:
Moderate temperature hydrothermal veins.
Type Occurrence of Gersdorffite
Synonyms of Gersdorffite
Other Language Names for Gersdorffite
Varieties of Gersdorffite
Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite | Co-bearing variety of gersdorffite rich in Os, Ir, Ru and Rh (up to 15 weight percent). See Cobaltite-Gersdorffite Series. |
Relationship of Gersdorffite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Andrieslombaardite | RhSbS | Iso. 2 3 : P21 3 |
Changchengite | IrBiS | Iso. 2 3 : P21 3 |
Cobaltite | CoAsS | Orth. mm2 : Pca21 |
Hollingworthite | (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Irarsite | (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Jolliffeite | NiAsSe | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Kalungaite | PdAsSe | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Maslovite | PtBiTe | Iso. 2 3 : P21 3 |
Mayingite | IrBiTe | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Michenerite | PdBiTe | Iso. 2 3 : P21 3 |
Milotaite | PdSbSe | Iso. 2 3 : P21 3 |
Padmaite | PdBiSe | Iso. 4 3 2 |
Platarsite | Pt(As,S)2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Testibiopalladite | PdSbTe | Iso. |
Tolovkite | IrSbS | Iso. |
Ullmannite | NiSbS | Iso. 2 3 : P21 3 |
UM1991-19-Se:AsCo | (Co,Ni)AsSe | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pm3 |
Willyamite | CoSbS |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
80 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
74 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
61 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Nickeline | NiAs |
60 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
59 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
55 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
54 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
32 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Millerite | NiS |
23 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
21 photos of Gersdorffite associated with Galena | PbS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.EB. | Iridarsenite | (Ir,Ru)As2 |
2.EB. | Selenolaurite | RuSe2 |
2.EB. | Andrieslombaardite | RhSbS |
2.EB. | Kanatzidisite | (SbBiS3)2Te2 |
2.EB.05a | Aurostibite | AuSb2 |
2.EB.05b | Bambollaite | Cu(Se,Te)2 |
2.EB.05a | Cattierite | CoS2 |
2.EB.05a | Erlichmanite | OsS2 |
2.EB.05a | Fukuchilite | Cu3FeS8 |
2.EB.05a | Geversite | PtSb2 |
2.EB.05a | Hauerite | MnS2 |
2.EB.05a | Insizwaite | Pt(Bi,Sb)2 |
2.EB.05a | Krut'aite | CuSe2 |
2.EB.05a | Laurite | RuS2 |
2.EB.05a | Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
2.EB.05a | Pyrite | FeS2 |
2.EB.05a | Sperrylite | PtAs2 |
2.EB.05a | Trogtalite | CoSe2 |
2.EB.05a | Vaesite | NiS2 |
2.EB.05a | Villamanínite | (Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S2 |
2.EB.05a | Dzharkenite | FeSe2 |
2.EB.05a | Gaotaiite | Ir3Te8 |
2.EB.05a v | Cayeuxite | |
2.EB.10b | Alloclasite | Co1-xFexAsS |
2.EB.10d | Costibite | CoSbS |
2.EB.10a | Ferroselite | FeSe2 |
2.EB.10a | Frohbergite | FeTe2 |
2.EB.10c | Glaucodot | (Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS |
2.EB.10a | Kullerudite | NiSe2 |
2.EB.10a | Marcasite | FeS2 |
2.EB.10a | Mattagamite | CoTe2 |
2.EB.10e | Paracostibite | CoSbS |
2.EB.10e | Pararammelsbergite | NiAs2 |
2.EB.10f | Oenite | CoSbAs |
2.EB.10a | Petříčekite | CuSe2 |
2.EB.15a | Anduoite | (Ru,Os)As2 |
2.EB.15a | Clinosafflorite | CoAs2 |
2.EB.15a | Löllingite | FeAs2 |
2.EB.15a | Nisbite | NiSb2 |
2.EB.15a | Omeiite | (Os,Ru)As2 |
2.EB.15c | Paxite | CuAs2 |
2.EB.15a | Rammelsbergite | NiAs2 |
2.EB.15a | Safflorite | (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 |
2.EB.15b | Seinäjokite | (Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)2 |
2.EB.20 | Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
2.EB.20 | Gudmundite | FeSbS |
2.EB.20 | Osarsite | (Os,Ru)AsS |
2.EB.20 | Ruarsite | (Ru,Os)AsS |
2.EB.25 va | Antimony-bearing Gersdorffite | Ni(As,Sb)S |
2.EB.25 | Cobaltite | CoAsS |
2.EB.25 | Hollingworthite | (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS |
2.EB.25 | Irarsite | (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS |
2.EB.25 | Jolliffeite | NiAsSe |
2.EB.25 | Krutovite | NiAs2 |
2.EB.25 | Maslovite | PtBiTe |
2.EB.25 | Michenerite | PdBiTe |
2.EB.25 | Padmaite | PdBiSe |
2.EB.25 | Platarsite | Pt(As,S)2 |
2.EB.25 | Testibiopalladite | PdSbTe |
2.EB.25 | Tolovkite | IrSbS |
2.EB.25 | Ullmannite | NiSbS |
2.EB.25 | Willyamite | CoSbS |
2.EB.25 | Changchengite | IrBiS |
2.EB.25 | Mayingite | IrBiTe |
2.EB.25 | Kalungaite | PdAsSe |
2.EB.25 | Milotaite | PdSbSe |
2.EB.25 | Paragersdorffite | Ni(As,S)2 |
2.EB.25 | Orthogersdorffite | NiAsS |
2.EB.25 | Kvačekite | NiSbSe |
2.EB.30 | Urvantsevite | Pd(Bi,Pb)2 |
2.EB.35 | Rheniite | ReS2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Gersdorffite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1683.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Gersdorffite
Reference List:
Bayliss, P., Stephenson, N. C. (1967) The crystal structure of gersdorffite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (277) 38-42 doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.277.05
Bayliss, P. (1968) MINERALOGICAL NOTES: The crystal structure of disordered gersdorffite. American Mineralogist, 53 (1-2) 290-292
Bayliss, P., Stephenson, N. C. (1968) The crystal structure of gersdorffite (III), a distorted and disordered pyrite structure. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (283) 940-947 doi:10.1180/minmag.1968.283.036.04
Bayliss, P. (1969) X-ray data, optical anisotropism, and thermal stability of cobaltite, gersdorffite, and ullmannite. Mineralogical Magazine, 37 (285) 26-33 doi:10.1180/minmag.1969.037.285.03
Bayliss, P. (1982) A further crystal structure refinement of gersdorffite. American Mineralogist, 67 (9-10) 1058-1064
Bayliss, P. (1986) Subdivision of the pyrite group and a chemical and x-ray-diffraction investigation of ullmannite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 24 (1) 27-33
Béziat, D., Monchoux, P., Tollon, F. (1996) Cobaltite-gersdorffite solid solution as a primary magmatic phase in spessartite, Lacaune area, Montagne Noire, France. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34 (3) 503-512
Fanlo, I., Subias, I., Gervilla, F., Manuel, J. (2006) Textures and compositional variability in gersdorffite from the Crescencia Ni–(Co–U) showing, Central Pyrenees, Spain: primary deposition or re-equilibration?. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (6) 1513-1528 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.6.1513
Mauro, Daniela, Biagioni, Cristian, Zaccarini, Federica (2021) New data on gersdorffite and associated minerals from the Peloritani Mountains (Sicily, Italy) European Journal of Mineralogy, 33 (6) 717-726 doi:10.5194/ejm-33-717-2021
Localities for Gersdorffite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| C. S. Lurgo Mayón (1999) |
Milka K. de Brodtkorb (1973) +2 other references | |
| Las Especies Minerales de La Republica ... |
| C. S. Lurgo Mayón (1999) +1 other reference |
| de Brodtkorb (1973) |
| FERRACUTTI +2 other references |
Armenia | |
| Harris et al. (1973) |
| Bowell et al. (2021) |
Australia | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| A.L. McLean et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Ashley et al. (1988) |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Silcock (2011) |
| Economic Geology 99 (2004) +1 other reference |
Fraser W J | |
Fleminig +1 other reference | |
| Bloom et al. (1992) |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... +1 other reference |
H Y L Brown (1893) | |
| Griessmann (2011) |
| Nikolakopoulos (2013) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill (2010) |
| Bottrill et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Bottrill & Baker |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| G.W.Cochrane 1982. Copper |
| A. R. Seymon |
| A. R. Seymon |
| Bierlein et al. (1998) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
Hudson (1986) | |
Marston (1984) | |
Staude et al. (2021) | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Nickel et al. (1994) |
Marston (1984) | |
www.mincor.com.au (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Barnes +1 other reference | |
Marston (1984) | |
| Mock et al. (1987) |
| Dominy et al. (2024) |
| Downes et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Marston (1984) +2 other references |
| Mueller et al. (2019) |
J. Just and C.E. Feather | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
Prichard et al. (2013) | |
| Sulfides and Sulfarsenides from the ... +1 other reference |
| Salama et al. (2021) |
| Sung et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| Econ Geol (1988) |
www.portergeo.com.au (2004) | |
| Eilu (2003) |
| Mineralogy and Genesis of the Trench ... +3 other references |
| Disseminated and Massive Nickel ... +2 other references |
Gole et al. (2000) | |
Gole et al. (2000) | |
| Nickel Mineralisation in Western ... |
Le Vaillant +6 other references | |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Christian Auer specimen |
| Pichler (2003) |
| |
| Puttner (1987) +1 other reference |
| Kharbish et al. (2007) |
| Blass et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Carinthia II (2017) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| SEM-EDS |
| Neschen (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Strasser (1989) | |
www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kharbish et al. (2007) |
| Putz (2011) |
| Strasser (1989) +1 other reference |
| Paar (1994) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) | |
C.Auer (2017) | |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
Strasser (1989) | |
Kolitsch et al. (2012) | |
Leblhuber (2000) | |
Poeverlein (2008) | |
| Schwabl et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Auer (2020) |
| Bojar (1993) +1 other reference |
| Auer (2020) |
| SEM-EDS |
| Bojar et al. (2002) |
| Wasserthal (1985) |
| Schachinger et al. (2017) |
| Pribitzer (1956) +4 other references |
Natural History Museum Vienna ore deposit collection (SEM-EDS-analysed) | |
| SEM-EDX |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) +1 other reference |
| Postl (1990) +1 other reference |
| Bojar (1997) +2 other references |
| Jakely (2008) |
Jakely (2008) | |
| NEINAVAIE et al. (1999) |
| Pošepný (1880) |
| Daniel Ruech (200x) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Auer (2023) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Schuster et al. (2066) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Bechter (2010) +1 other reference |
Kolitsch (2014) | |
| Bechter (2010) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
Belgium | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Dejonghe (1990) +2 other references |
Bolivia | |
| Dr. Fritz Berndt collection (Dr. Frank Keutsch analysis) |
| Wilson (2001) |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1955) |
| Cacho et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Banco Minero and COMIBOL +1 other reference |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2016) |
Brazil | |
| Prichard et al. (2001) |
| Knight (2014) |
| Ázaro (2013) +1 other reference |
Almeida et al. (2007) | |
Brenner et al. (1990) | |
| Lobato et al. (2001) |
| Lobato et al. (2001) |
| Teixeira (2014) |
Bulgaria | |
| Bul. Acad. Sci. (1998) |
| Kerestedjian (2007) |
| Тарасова |
| Dimitrova (2006) |
| Kalaidjiev et al. (2009) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| tin.er.usgs.gov (n.d.) |
Canada | |
| Jackson-Brown et al. (2014) |
| Hora et al. (2006) |
Montgomery (n.d.) | |
| Manor et al. (2014) |
| MINFILE No 092HSE038 +1 other reference |
Dawson | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Olivo et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Phillips (1979) |
Chen +6 other references | |
| Phillips (1979) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| D. C. Harris (1973) |
| ntgomap.nwtgeoscience.ca (n.d.) |
| Blackadar (1981) |
Badham et al. (1980) | |
Badham et al. (1980) | |
Badham | |
| Lang (1952) +2 other references |
Lang (1952) | |
Lang (1952) | |
Kidd et al. (1935) +1 other reference | |
Lang (1952) | |
Rich et al. (1977) | |
| Coleman (1957) |
| McNeil (2019) |
| Welt (2020) |
| Sangster et al. (1998) |
| an example of the application of ICP-MS ... +1 other reference |
| an example of volcanic-type ... +1 other reference |
| |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| MDI41I06NW00012 |
Ames et al. (2003) | |
Can Min 6:555-575 +1 other reference | |
Min Mag (1980) +1 other reference | |
| Can Min 6:555-575 |
Warren (2013) | |
Can Min 6:555-575 +1 other reference | |
| Can Min 6:555-575 +1 other reference |
| Can Min 6:555-575 +1 other reference |
| Schandl (2004) |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
Can Min 6:555-575 | |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:2 pp94-99 |
| MDI Number: MDI52N04SW00017 |
| Marsden (2012) |
| Colvine (1974) +3 other references |
| Robert C. Smith +1 other reference |
157-158. +2 other references | |
| Harris et al. (1988) |
Sabina (1991) | |
Sabina (1991) | |
| Cabri et al. (1979) |
| 159-161. +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1974) |
Am Min (1940) | |
Dana 7:I:300. | |
Geological Survey of Canada +1 other reference | |
Sabina (2000) | |
Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference | |
| Can Mineral December 1971 v. 11 no. 1 ... |
| Am Min (1940) |
| Graham et al. (1952) |
| Sabina (2003) |
Staveley (1976) | |
| |
| Sabina (1992) +1 other reference |
| Smith (2021) |
| Am Min 51:677-684 |
| 166-175. +2 other references |
| David K. Joyce Collection |
| McMillan (1973) |
| Dillon-Leitch (1990) |
| www.ir.gov.sk.ca (2003) |
Rich et al. (1977) | |
Econ Geol (1987) | |
Vassilios Voultsidis and Dietmar Clasen (1978) +2 other references | |
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.26 (1988) | |
Boulanger (2012) | |
Watkinson et al. (1975) | |
| Can Min Vol. 29 (1991) |
| Yukon Geological Survey |
| Harris et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Horváth (2003) |
Chile | |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2016) |
González-Jiménez et al. (2014) | |
| Becerra et al. (2022) |
Becerra et al. (2022) | |
China | |
| Jianping Zhou et al. (1996) |
| Xinhui Liu et al. (2010) |
| Peters (2002) |
| Yang et al. (2006) |
| Can. J. Earth Sci. 44: 479–492 (2007) |
| Jingwen Mao and Andao Du (2002) +1 other reference |
Jingwen Mao and Andao Du (2002) | |
Jingwen Mao and Andao Du (2002) | |
| Jun Xu (1987) |
Jun Xu (1987) | |
| Yijiang Ban (1980) |
| Guangdi Zhang et al. (2002) +4 other references |
Lishun Kao et al. (2001) | |
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004) |
| Chuanyi Yang (1985) |
| Xuexiang Gu et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Youyu Li et al. (1994) |
| Chen Keqiao et al. (1981) |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000) |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Keevil et al. (2022) |
| Shuhuan Hou and Jianjun Jiang (2005) |
| Aihua Xi et al. (2004) |
Han Zhong et al. (1981) | |
| Zhang Dequan et al. (2009) |
| Tong Pan and Fengyue Sun (2003) +3 other references |
| Han et al. (2020) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Lixin Wang et al. (2013) |
| Pang Jiangli (1999) +1 other reference |
| Dequan Shuai et al. (1994) |
| Dengmei Yang et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) |
Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) | |
| Quan Liu (2003) +1 other reference |
| Yuanfu Xiao et al. (2010) |
| American Mineralogist (1979) +3 other references |
XU et al. (2015) | |
| Guangfu Zou and Ying Mao (2006) |
| Xingeng Zeng and Jingya Tian (1987) |
| Anthony |
| Yan Liu et al. (2010) |
| Wang et al. (2023) |
| Kui-Shou Ding et al. (2007) |
| Zuoheng Zhang et al. (2007) |
Jinzhu San et al. (2007) | |
Yan Sun et al. (2009) | |
| Jingchun Wang and Nan Fang (2005) |
| Xu Yong and Zhu Xinyou (2000) |
| Minqing Cheng et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Yanming Lu et al. (2010) |
| Yiqun Wang et al. (2013) |
| Meifu Zhou (1987) +1 other reference |
| Yong Wang et al. (2006) |
| Wang et al. (2006) |
| - (2005) |
| Dai et al. (2020) |
| Kaiji Yu (1981) |
| Jiajun Liu et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
Xiaohu Wang et al. (2011) | |
| Kaiji Yu (1981) +4 other references |
| Zhang et al. (2019) |
| Chen et al. (2023) |
| Nansheng Chen (1996) |
| Bugao Xue (1996) |
Bugao Xue (1996) | |
| Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005) |
| Nansheng Chen (1996) |
| Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005) |
Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005) | |
Croatia | |
| Šoštarić (2009) |
Cuba | |
| Gevilla et al. (2005) |
Cyprus | |
| Foose et al. (1985) |
Czech Republic | |
| Škácha et al. (2021) |
| Paar et al. (2006) |
| C.Auer (2016) +1 other reference |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) |
86. +1 other reference | |
| Scharm +7 other references |
| Fojt et al. (2012) |
| Sejkora (1994) |
| Dolníček et al. (2019) |
| Vavřín +1 other reference |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) |
Veselovský (2019) | |
| Pauliš P. Nejzajímavější ... |
| |
Hyrsl et al. (2009) | |
| Pašava et al. (2003) |
| Dolníček et al. (2021) |
| Kříbek et al. (2009) |
Egypt | |
| Abdel‐Karim et al. (2018) |
Basem Zoheir and Bernd Lehmann (2011) | |
evidence from fluid inclusions in ... +2 other references | |
Helmy (2005) | |
Zoheir et al. (2018) | |
| Zoheir et al. (2018) |
| Zoheir et al. (2014) |
| Zoheir (2011) |
Ethiopia | |
| Billay et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
Finland | |
| Hietanen (2015) |
| tupa.gtk.fi (n.d.) |
| Kojonen et al. (2007) |
Hytönen (1999) | |
Eilu (2003) | |
33 IGC excursion No 15 +3 other references | |
Eilu (2003) | |
Eilu (2003) | |
www.gsf.fi (2002) +1 other reference | |
Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... +1 other reference | |
Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... +1 other reference | |
Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... +1 other reference | |
| Alapieti et al. (1986) |
| Iljina |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ... +4 other references |
| 33 IGC excursion No 15 +2 other references |
| Pelayo Barrón Francisco (2020) |
| Hytönen (1999) |
| Hytönen (1999) |
GEOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUKSEN ... | |
Geological Survey of Finland 2011. ... | |
| Econ Geol (1995) |
| Papunen |
| Gervilla et al 1997. Mineralogy of ... +1 other reference |
| Peltonen et al. (1995) |
| Eilu (2003) +1 other reference |
| Hytönen (1999) |
| Hänninen (1978) |
| Virtasalmi-Copper Database. Geological Survey of Finland (2009) |
| Tulokas |
France | |
| |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites ... +1 other reference |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Pillard F. et al. (1985) |
| Kolitsch (1997) |
| Wittern |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Minéraux et mines du massif Vosgien |
Wittern et al. (Cologne) | |
| Nicolas Meisser September 2009 ananlysis |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Brousse (1982) |
| Lips (2006) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Lheur (2023) |
| |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
Inventaire Minéralogique de la France ... | |
Inventaire Minéralogique de la France ... | |
| Inventaire Mineralogique de la France ... |
| Inventaire de la Haute Garonne - BRGM |
| J. Geffroy and M. Lenfant |
| BERBAIN et al. (2010) |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Georges Favreau collection +1 other reference |
| Béziat |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs (2) +1 other reference |
| Jean-Luc Portes Collection |
| BRGM BSS database file 10464X4006/GT |
Mari et al. (1979) | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| |
| Scharrer et al. (2020) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
Staude et al. (2012) | |
| Bergbau auf Lagerstätten des ... |
| Wittern (2001) |
J. Gröbner: Neufunde von der Grube Katharina im Wildschapbach (2/2004) | |
| Habel (2009) |
| Knauer et al. (1968) +1 other reference |
| DILL et al. (2008) |
| F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
90. +1 other reference | |
F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) | |
| Schwarzmeier (2015) +2 other references |
Seeliger et al. (1965) +1 other reference | |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wagner et al. (2002) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Don Volkman collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) | |
| Joachim Gröbner (2019) |
| |
Mücke et al. (1993) | |
Robert Lavinsky specimen (https://www.mindat.org/photo-948612.html) | |
| 70 +1 other reference |
| |
Baumgärtl (2014) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dr Vandal King specimen |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Henrich et al. (2019) |
| Bayliss (1982) |
Weiß (1990) | |
Weiß (1990) | |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Golze +3 other references | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
Gunther Grundmann collection | |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Baade (1985) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) +1 other reference |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Lapis 2001 (6) |
Mitteilungen der Pollichia (3) +1 other reference | |
| Lapis (5) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Russell (1910) |
| Weiß (1990) |
Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference | |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 |
| Schnorrer (1995) |
| Kampf et al. (2024) |
| Dana 6:90. |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Sandmann et al. (2015) |
| M Kampf collection |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Witzke et al. (2006) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| O. Dziallas |
WEISS et al. (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) |
| J. Gröbner & J. Wesiger (2008) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Ghana | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1997 61 : ... +1 other reference |
| Oberthür et al. (1997) |
| Mineralium Deposita Volume 34 Issue 3 (1999) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2008) |
VOUDOURIS (2005) | |
Voudouris et al. (2018) | |
Rieck et al. (2018) | |
| Uwe Kolitsch unpublished SEM-EDS ... |
| Blaß et al. (1998) |
| Hanke (1998) |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
Rieck et al. (2022) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
| Mposkos (1983) |
| Vavelidis +1 other reference |
| Korosidis et al. (2022, March) |
| Economic Geology 102 (2007) +1 other reference |
| Economou-Eliopoulos et al. (2022) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral ... |
| |
India | |
| Afifi et al. (1988) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 40:277-309 |
Augé et al. (2002, July) | |
Mineralogical Magazine 1997 61 : 902-906 +1 other reference | |
Iran | |
| Rezazadeh et al. (2020) |
Ireland | |
| de Haller |
| Yesares +8 other references |
| Gasparrini (1978) +4 other references |
Italy | |
| Vergani et al. (2021) |
Bianchi A. (1999) | |
| Scaini (1970) +1 other reference |
Carmagnola et al. (2019) | |
AA. VV. | |
| Vergani (2019) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Moroni et al. (2019) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| doi.org (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
Lovisato (1894) +2 other references | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| doi.org (n.d.) +3 other references |
G.Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991) | |
AA.VV. +2 other references | |
| Cocco et al. (2022) |
| Lecca G.C. et al. (2022) |
| Venerandi Pirri (2002) |
| Triscari (1985) |
| Aachen/Deutschland. +1 other reference |
| Benvenuti M. et al. (1992/93) |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Zibaldone di mineralogia italiana – ... |
| Carrozzini B. et al. (supposed Frigidite) |
| Nimis et al. (2011) |
Ivory Coast | |
| Gouedji et al. (2014) |
Japan | |
| SUGAKI et al. (1952) |
| Mineralogical Journal Japan (1982) |
| Hayashi (1961) |
| Ishiyama (1982) |
| Tomohiro Morishita (2011) |
| Sadanaga et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
| Haruna (2002) |
| Yamaoka (1982) |
| Watanabe (1959) |
| Akira Harada et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
Satoshi Matsubara et al. (2010) | |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) +1 other reference |
| Matsueda (1983) |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection (thin section FKM-190) |
| Nagashima et al. (2016) |
Jordan | |
| Fleurance et al. (2013) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Filimonov et al (2005) +1 other reference |
| Spiridonov (2014) |
| Zimanovskaya et al. (2022) |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
| Stepanets et al. (2018) |
| Stepanets et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Kosovo | |
| Mederski et al. (2021) |
Mederski et al. (2023) | |
Sławomir Mederski et al. (2019) | |
Mederski et al. (2021) | |
Mali | |
| Masurel et al. (2017) |
| David M. Lawrence et al. (2013) |
www.tuke.sk (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Mauritania | |
| Berger et al. (2013) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Querol +1 other reference |
| American Mineralogist 28:257-271 +1 other reference |
Mongolia | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Borisenko et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
Morocco | |
| Vinogradova +5 other references |
| Jahn et al. (2003) |
| Jahn et al. (2003) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
Subías et al. (2022) | |
| Barral et al. (2008) |
| El Ghorfi et al. (2008) |
Guilbert et al. (1968) +1 other reference | |
Favreau et al. (2006) | |
| Piña et al. (2013) |
Myanmar | |
| Barber et al. (2017) |
New Zealand | |
| Robinson (2018) |
| Grapes et al. (1999) |
| New Zealand Journal of Geology and ... +3 other references |
New Zealand Journal of Geology and ... +3 other references | |
Niger | |
| Randabel et al. (2018) |
North Macedonia | |
| abstract in Geophysical Research ... +2 other references |
Norway | |
| Kåre Kullerud et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Kullerud et al. (2018) |
| Thompson et al. (1980) |
| Schulze (1969) |
| Larsen et al. (2019) |
| Nordrum (2000) |
| Pryadunenko et al. (2015) |
| Raade et al. (1983) +2 other references |
Pakistan | |
| Arif (2003) |
| - (2002) +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| Kobe (1990) |
Poland | |
| Czerny J. 1992: Hydrothermal ... |
| Oszczepalski (1999) |
| Siuda (2001) |
| Paulo A. 1970: On the formation of ... |
Muszyński et al. (2023) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
Mochnacka et al. (2012) | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
Lis J. et al. (Sudety) +2 other references | |
Piestrzyński et al. (2012) | |
Kucha H. 1982: Platinum metals in the ... +1 other reference | |
| Małek et al. (2019) |
Piestrzyński A. et al. (electrum) | |
| Piestrzynski et al. (2000) |
Auguścik-Górajek et al. (2021) | |
| Maciej Rybicki and Tomasz KrzykawskiContemporary (2014) |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
Mederski et al. (2020) | |
| Nejbert et al. (2014) |
| Mikulski (2013) |
| Wojciechowski (1958) |
Portugal | |
| Marques de Sá et al. (2010) |
| Gustavo Pereira Fernandes |
| Martins (2018) |
Romania | |
| dan weinrich +2 other references |
Zajzon et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Ilinca (1998) +1 other reference |
Ilinca (1998) +1 other reference | |
Ilinca (1998) +1 other reference | |
Ilinca (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Hirtopanu et al. (2015) |
| Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference |
Hîrtopanu P. et al. (2004) | |
Russia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
| Safina +6 other references |
| Brusnitsyn (2006) |
Rakhimov et al. (2022) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Plotinskaya et al. (2015) |
| Sorokina et al. (2019) |
| Nagornaya et al. (2021) |
| Yudovskaya et al. (2015) |
| Keren Tan (1998) +2 other references |
| Sidorov et al. (2009) +2 other references |
| Stepanov et al. (2021) |
| Novakov et al. (2021) |
Tararin et al. (2007) | |
Tararin et al. (2007) | |
| USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p76 |
| AA et al. (2021) |
| Tretiakova et al. (2010) |
Tretiakova et al. (2010) | |
| Silyanov et al. (2022) |
Alexander V. Dedeev et al (2002) | |
| Econ Geol (1986) +1 other reference |
| Yulia D. Gritsenko (2005) +2 other references |
Yulia D. Gritsenko (2005) +1 other reference | |
| Volkov et al. (2013) |
Goryachev et al. (2014) | |
Goryachev et al. (2014) | |
| Tauson et al. (2019) |
| Tony Nikischer and Luis Menezes |
Neradovskii et al. (1982) | |
Orsoev et al. (1985) | |
Yury L. Voytekhovsky (2008) | |
Grokhovskaya et al. (2003) | |
Grokhovskaya et al. (2000) +1 other reference | |
| Kalinin (2021) |
Chernyavsky et al. (2012) +1 other reference | |
| M.Z. Abzalov & L.I. Polezhaeva (1989) |
| Kalinin et al. (2019) |
| Zaikov et al. (2006) |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
Kazachenko et al. (2006, July) | |
| Grishaenko et al. (2007) |
| Barkov et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September) |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2018, June) |
| Zaitsev et al. (2019) |
| Fridovsky et al. (2018) |
Kudrin et al. (2021) | |
| Gamyanin +6 other references |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
| Simon et al. (1997) |
| Grigor’eva et al. (2018) |
Volokhin et al. (2016) | |
| Vikent'eva et al. (2016, April) |
| USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p173ff |
| USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p173 |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2015) |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2023) |
USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p174 | |
| Gillen et al. (Eds.) |
Senegal | |
| Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an ... |
Serbia | |
| Pačevski et al. (2018) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra (1986) |
Luptáková (2012) +1 other reference | |
Kodě +2 other references | |
Lalinská et al. (2006) | |
| Háber M. et al. (1994) |
Jeleň et al. (2006) | |
| Števko M. et al. (2011) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Maťo et al. (stredné Slovensko) |
| Miškovic J. (1990) |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Števko M. (2022) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Pauliš P. |
Háber et al. (SGR) | |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) |
Grecula (1995) | |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Pršek et al. (2008) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Grecula (1995) |
Ferenc et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished +1 other reference |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Peterec D. et al. (Košice) |
Ferenc Š. et al. (2021) | |
Ozdín D. | |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Halahyjová-Andrusovová G. et al. (in Slovak) |
Grecula (1995) | |
Halahyjová-Andrusovová G. et al. (in Slovak) | |
Kozub et al. (2011) | |
| Ozdín D. |
Koděra (1986) | |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Varček (1959) |
Grecula (1995) | |
Koděra (1986) | |
Grecula (1995) | |
Grecula (1995) | |
Grecula (1995) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
Ďuďa R. et al. ( Kotterbach ) | |
| Koděra |
| Ozdín D. et al. (Slovak Republic) |
| Ferenc et al. (2001) |
| Ďuďa R. (2001) |
| Mikuš M. +1 other reference |
| Mikuš M. |
| Ozdin D. |
Ozdín D. & Chovan M. | |
Ozdín D. & Chovan M. 1999: New ... | |
Slovenia | |
| Žorž et al. (2002) |
South Africa | |
| Henning et al. (1997) |
| D. Pienaar. (2014) |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Econ Geol (1986) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Hutchinson et al. (2005) |
Hutchinson et al. (2005) | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| H.F.J. Theart and C.D. de Nooy (2001) +2 other references |
Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference | |
South Korea | |
| Watanabe (1943) |
| CHOI et al. (1985) +2 other references |
Spain | |
| Martínez-Frías et al. (2004) |
| BERTRAN-OLLER et al. (2012) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2003) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2003) |
| Calvo (2003) |
| Colectivo Arrayanes et al. (2008) |
| Christian Rewitzer collection and ... |
| Am Min 57:3 pp 354-363 +1 other reference |
Gervilla et al. (2002) | |
| Fanlo et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Fanlo et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Artiaga Torres et al. (2011) |
| A. Paniagua et al. |
| Simon et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Crespo et al. (2000) |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) |
| Castillo et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Subias I. et al. (2006) |
| C. Canet et al. +1 other reference |
Joan Rosell +1 other reference | |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008) |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya |
| MTI Mineralogía Topográfica Ibérica |
| José González del Tánago (2002) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
Sweden | |
| |
Welin (1966) | |
| Jan Olov Nyström (1991) |
| |
| Anthony |
| |
| |
| Johan Söderhielm |
| |
| Mikael Jansson () |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Kresten (1990) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Personally collected by Günter Frenz |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tajikistan | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
Tanzania | |
| Maier et al. (2010) |
| Wilhelmij et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Vos (2009) |
Turkey | |
| Abdelnasser et al. (2022) |
| Kabiru et al. (2017, April) |
| Yahya Ciftci (2001) |
| Aral (1989) |
UK | |
| Rollinson et al. (2017) |
| Davis et al. (1965) |
| Young B |
| - (2006) |
| R. A. Ixer (1979) |
R. A. Ixer (1979) +1 other reference | |
R. A. Ixer (1979) | |
| Day (1999) +1 other reference |
| Day (1999) |
| Rumsey et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Power et al. (2004) |
Livingstone (2002) | |
| Graham et al. (2017) |
| David H. M. Alderton (1986) |
David H. M. Alderton (1986) | |
| Chapman et al. (2023) |
Chapman et al. (2023) | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : ... +1 other reference |
Ukraine | |
| Gornostayev et al. (2002) |
| [World of Stones 12:20] |
| O.K.Babynin et al. (2006) |
| Bobrov et al. (2006, August) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Gornitz (2004) |
| Casebolt +1 other reference |
| Adams (2017) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65 +3 other references |
| Econ Geol (1987) |
| DeVito et al. (1984) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65. +2 other references |
| Housley |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65 +4 other references |
| Weir +1 other reference |
| Leicht et al. (1994) |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Schooner (1958) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
Rolland R. Reid (1961) | |
MRDS 10241626 | |
- (2005) | |
| Chan (1966) +1 other reference |
| Ream (1995) |
- (2005) | |
| Rainville et al. (1976) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Robert C. Smith |
Shawn Carlson (2010) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| The Canadian Mineralogist Vol.36 (1998) |
Raič et al. (2015) | |
| Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998 |
| 2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting (18-21 October 2009) +1 other reference |
| Cavender et al. (2016) |
| Lapis 17 (1) +1 other reference |
gsa.confex.com (n.d.) | |
| Lapis 17 (1) |
| Lasmanis (1977) +2 other references |
| Gobla (2012) |
USGS Prof Paper 1038 | |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Fithian (2015) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| static1.squarespace.com (2020) |
Oen et al. (1984) +1 other reference | |
| [Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ... |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
David Von Bargen et al. (1993) | |
| Speer et al. (2008) |
| Sloto (1989) |
Alminas +2 other references | |
| USGS TEI #514 +3 other references |
| Rocks & Minerals: 16: 407. |
| Chidester et al. (1978) |
| Jackson (1986) |
| Loucks (1976) |
| Ripple |
Uzbekistan | |
| Koneev et al. (2005) |
Vietnam | |
| Christina Yan Wang (2018) +1 other reference |
Zimbabwe | |
| Klemm et al. (2000) |
| Allan H. Wilson and Martin D. Prendergast (2001) +1 other reference |
| Williams (1979) |
| 224 pages +1 other reference |
| Some implications for gold mineralization in jaspilite iron formations. Mineralogy and Petrology (2) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross et al. (2020) |
| Dana 7:I:300. |
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Bou Azzer mining district, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco