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Procavia

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Description

The rock hyrax (Procavia capensis), also called Cape hyrax, rock rabbit, and (in the Bible) coney, is a medium-sized terrestrial mammal native to Africa and the Middle East. Commonly referred to in South Africa as the dassie (/dasiː/), it is one of the five living species of the order Hyracoidea, and the only one in the genus Procavia.Rock hyraxes weigh between 4 kilograms (9 lb) and 5 kilograms (11 lb), and have short ears and tail.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procavia, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2437053	https://www.gbif.org/species/2437053
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	43295	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43295

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : Procavia

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
-	Paenungulatomorpha	Gheerbrant et al. 2016
-	Paenungulata	Simpson 1945
order	Hyracoidea	Huxley 1869
family	Procaviidae	Thomas 1892
genus	Procavia	Storr 1780

Common Name

Cape hyrax

Scientific Name

Procavia Storr, 1780

Name Published In

Storr, G. C. C. 1780. Prodromvs methodi mammalivm. Litteris Reissianis, Tvbingæ.: 1-43.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Procavia	genus	belongs to Procaviidae	stated with evidence	Olds and Shoshani, 1982
Procavia	genus	belongs to Procaviidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Procavia	genus	belongs to Procaviidae	stated without evidence	Rasmussen and Simons, 1988
Procavia	genus	belongs to Procaviidae	implied	Nowak, 1991
Procavia	genus	belongs to Procaviidae	stated with evidence	Rasmussen et al., 1996
Procavia	genus	belongs to Procaviidae	stated without evidence	Pickford, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (38%)

First Recorded Appearance

7.25 - 3.60 Ma
Neogene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore (based on Procaviidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Cape Hyrax

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procavia

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Procavia antiqua ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		13	7.25 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Procavia bettoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia buchanani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia butleri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia capensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cape Hyrax	44	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Procavia daemon species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia goslingi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia jacksoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia johnstoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia latastei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia lopesi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia mackinderi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia mima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia obermeyerae ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Procavia oweni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia pallida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia pliocenica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Procavia pumila species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia robertsi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Procavia ruficeps species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia ruwenzorii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia sharica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia syriaca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procavia transvaalensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	5.33 Ma Miocene	1.81 Ma Pleistocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Euhyrax Gray, 1868	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : *Euhyrax*
Procauia Storr, 1780	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : *Procauia*
Hydrax Berthold, 1827	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : *Hydrax*
Hyrax Hermann, 1783	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : *Hyrax*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1780	Procavia Storr p. 40
1783	Hyrax Herman p. 115
1825	Hyrax Gray p. 342
1848	Hyrax Owen p. 139
1868	Euhyrax Gray p. 46
1982	Procavia Olds and Shoshani p. 1
1988	Procavia Carroll

Year	Name and Author
1988	Procavia Rasmussen and Simons p. 68
1989	Procavia Prothero and Schoch p. 531
1991	Procavia Nowak
1996	Procavia Rasmussen et al. p. 746
2005	Procavia Pickford p. 152
2010	Procavia Rasmussen and Gutiérrez p. 142

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Owen R. Description of teeth and portions of jaws of two extinct Anthracotherioid quadrupeds (Hyopotamus vectianus and Hyop. bovinus) discovered by the Marchioness of Hastings in the Eocene deposits on the NW coast of the Isle of Wight: with an attempt to develope Cuvier's idea of the Classification of Pachyderms by the number of their toes, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 4, 103-141

Olds N., Shoshani J. (1982) Procavia capensis, Mammalian Species 171, 1-7

Rasmussen D. T., Simons E. L. (1988) New Oligocene hyracoids from Egypt, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8 1, 67-83

Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537

Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II

Rasmussen D. T., Pickford M., et al (1996) Earliest known procaviid hyracoid from the late Miocene of Namibia, Journal of Mammalogy 77 3, 745-754

Pickford M. (2005) Fossil hyraxes (Hyracoidea: Mammalia) from the Late Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene of Africa, and the phylogeny of the Procaviidae, Palaeontologia Africana 41, 141-161

Rasmussen D. T., Gutiérrez M. (2010) Hyracoidea, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 123-145

Horak,Ivan G.,Fourie,L. J.,Visser,Evelyn (1987) Quantitative and qualitative aspects of the parasite burdens of rock dassies (Procavia capensis Pallas, 1766) in the Mountain Zebra National Park - via Phthiraptera.info

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Prod., 39 & tab. B (also as Procauia). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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