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Phoenicopterus

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Description

Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, the only bird family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. Four flamingo species are distributed throughout the Americas, including the Caribbean, and two species are native to Africa, Asia, and Europe.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicopterus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2481102	https://www.gbif.org/species/2481102
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39594	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39594

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Phoenicopteriformes : Phoenicopteridae : Phoenicopterus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
order	Phoenicopteriformes	Howard 1955
family	Phoenicopteridae	Bonaparte 1838
genus	Phoenicopterus	Linnæus 1758

Scientific Name

Phoenicopterus Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phoenicopterus	genus	belongs to Odontoglossae	stated without evidence	Shufeldt, 1891
Phoenicopterus	genus	belongs to Phoenicopteridae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Phoenicopterus	genus	belongs to Phoenicopteridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Phoenicopterus	genus	belongs to Phoenicopteridae	stated without evidence	Emslie, 1992
Phoenicopterus	genus	belongs to Phoenicopteridae	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (40%)

First Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Common Name(s)

Greater Flamingos

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicopterus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Phoenicopterus chilensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Chilean Flamingo			0 Ma Extant
Phoenicopterus copei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Phoenicopterus costaricensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phoenicopterus croizeti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Phoenicopterus erythraeus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phoenicopterus floridanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Flamingo	2	16.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Phoenicopterus glyphorhynchus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phoenicopterus greineri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phoenicopterus minutus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Phoenicopterus novaehollandiae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Phoenicopterus platyrhynchos species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phoenicopterus roseus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Greater Flamingo	8	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Phoenicopterus ruber species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	American Flamingo	6	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Phoenicopterus rubidus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phoenicopterus stocki ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	10.3 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Phenicopterus Cuvier, 1800	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Phoenicopteriformes : Phoenicopteridae : *Phenicopterus*
Phoenicoparra Stejneger, 1885	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Phoenicopteriformes : Phoenicopteridae : *Phoenicoparra*
Phaenicopterus Linnaeus, 1758	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Phoenicopteriformes : Phoenicopteridae : *Phaenicopterus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Phoenicopterus Linnaeus
1891	Phoenicopterus Shufeldt p. 819
1902	Phoenicopterus Hay p. 531
1933	Phoenicopterus Lambrecht p. 344
1955	Phoenicopterus Brodkorb p. 18
1955	Phoenicopterus Howard p. 24

Year	Name and Author
1988	Phoenicopterus Carroll
1992	Phoenicopterus Emslie p. 263
2001	Phoenicopterus Olson and Rasmussen p. 294
2012	Phoenicopterus Candela et al. p. 521
2014	Phoenicopterus del Hoyo et al.
2017	Phoenicopterus Clements et al.

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Shufeldt R. W. Fossil birds from the Equus Beds of Oregon, American Naturalist 25, 818-821

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Brodkorb P. (1955) The avifauna of the Bone Valley Formation, Florida Geological Survey Report of Investigations 14, 1-57

Howard H. (1955) A new wading bird from the Eocene of Patagonia, American Museum Novitates 1710, 1-25

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Emslie S. D. (1992) Two new late Blancan avifaunas from Florida and the extinction of wetland birds in the Plio-Pleistocene, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 36, 249-269

Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365

Candela A. M., Bonini R. A., et al (2012) First continental vertebrates from the marine Parana ́ Formation (Late Miocene, Mesopotamia, Argentina): Chronology, biogeography, and paleoenvironments, Geobios 45, 515-526 doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.05.003

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758: null. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 10th Edition, vol. 1. 824. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Brown, L.H., E.K. Urban & K. Newman. (1982). The Birds of Africa, Volume I. Academic Press, London. - via World Register of Marine Species

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 67 One hundred and two Bird names placed in the Official List of Generic Names.Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1B, 177-182 (1916) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [developed by uBio, hosted online at MBLWHOI Library]. - via World Register of Marine Species

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. - via World Register of Marine Species

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SOF (2007) Holarktis Fåglar, version 2. SOF:s Taxonomikommittés officiella lista över Holarktis fåglar - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Gill, D. (eds.) (2015) IOC World Bird List (v 5.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.5.1. Online: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

AnimalBase (2014) www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de. Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Göttingen - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th edition. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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