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Cotylosauria

Photos

Photo Gallery

Dimetrodon sp.

Tillman County, Oklahoma, USA

Dimetrodon sp.

Waurika West [1], Jefferson County, Oklahoma, USA

Dimetrodon sp.

Waurika West [1], Jefferson County, Oklahoma, USA

Dimetrodon sp.

Tillman County, Oklahoma, USA

Dimetrodon sp.

Waurika West [1], Jefferson County, Oklahoma, USA

Dimetrodon sp.

Waurika West [1], Jefferson County, Oklahoma, USA

Dimetrodon sp.

Tillman County, Oklahoma, USA

Dimetrodon sp.

Waurika West [1], Jefferson County, Oklahoma, USA

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	56749	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56749

Rank

unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
suborder	Cotylosauria

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cotylosauria	order	belongs to Reptilia	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Cotylosauria	order	belongs to Synapsida	stated with evidence	Osborn, 1903
Cotylosauria	subclass	belongs to Miosauria	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Cotylosauria	suborder	belongs to Reptilia	stated without evidence	Broom, 1913
Cotylosauria	superorder	belongs to Anapsida	stated without evidence	Roxo, 1937
Cotylosauria	order	belongs to Reptilia	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Cotylosauria	order	belongs to Anapsida	implied	Stovall, 1950
Cotylosauria	order	belongs to Anapsida	stated without evidence	Haughton and Brink, 1954
Cotylosauria	superorder	belongs to Anapsida	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Cotylosauria	order	belongs to Anapsida	stated without evidence	Carroll, 1967
Cotylosauria	order	belongs to Reptilia	implied	Colbert and Kitching, 1975
Cotylosauria	order	belongs to Anapsida	implied	Gow, 1977
Cotylosauria	order	belongs to Anapsida	stated without evidence	Heaton, 1979
Cotylosauria	suborder	belongs to Anapsida	implied	Lavina, 1983
Cotylosauria	unranked clade	belongs to Batrachosauria	stated without evidence	Gauthier et al., 1988
Cotylosauria	unranked clade	belongs to Batrachosauria	stated with evidence	Laurin and Reisz, 1995

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

44,100

Extant Size (PBDB)

9,251 (21%)

First Recorded Appearance

318 - 315 Ma
Carboniferous

Environment

brackish,freshwater,terrestrial (based on Tetrapoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. D. Cope. 1880. The skull of Empedocles. The American Naturalist 14:304

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Datheosauri ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Labidosauria ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Limnoscelia ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Pantylosauria ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Trilophosauria ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		1	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Diadectosauria ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)		1	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Pantyloidea ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)
Solenodonsauridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Chamasaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	303 Ma Carboniferous	303 Ma Carboniferous
Desmospondylus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Amniota unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	Amniote	176,343	318 Ma Carboniferous	0 Ma Extant
Diadectomorpha ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		95	315 Ma Carboniferous	260 Ma Permian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1880	Cotylosauria Cope p. 304
1902	Cotylosauria Hay p. 426
1903	Cotylosauria Osborn p. 276
1904	Cotylosauria Osborn p. 99
1911	Cotylosauria Jaekel p. 121
1913	Cotylosauria Broom
1930	Cotylosauria Hay p. 28
1934	Cotylosauria Swinton p. 52
1937	Cotylosauria Roxo p. 42
1946	Cotylosauria Kuhn p. 55
1950	Cotylosauria Stovall p. 46
1954	Cotylosauria Haughton and Brink p. 3

Year	Name and Author
1956	Cotylosauria Romer p. 476
1965	Cotylosauria Lewis and Vaughn p. C12
1966	Cotylosauria Kuhn p. 12
1967	Cotylosauria Carroll p. 1256
1969	Cotylosauria Carroll p. 152
1973	Cotylosauria Daly p. 584
1975	Cotylosauria Colbert and Kitching p. 3
1977	Cotylosauria Gow p. 110
1979	Cotylosauria Heaton p. 11
1983	Cotylosauria Lavina p. 53
1988	Cotylosauria Gauthier et al. p. 139 fig. 4.4
1995	Cotylosauria Laurin and Reisz p. 173 fig. 2

References

Cope E. D. The skull of Empedocles, The American Naturalist 14, 304

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Osborn H. F. (1903) On the primary division of the Reptilia into two sub-classes, Synapsida and Diapsida, Science 17 424, 275-276

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Broom R. (1913) A revision of the reptiles of the Karroo, Annals of the South African Museum 7 6, 361-366

Hay O. P. (1930) Second Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington 390 II, 1-1074

Swinton W. E. (1934) , A Guide to the Fossil Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians in the Department of Geology and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7, xii-87

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Stovall J. W. (1950) A New Cotylosaur from North Central Oklahoma, American Journal of Science 248 1, 46-54

Haughton S. H., Brink A. S. (1954) A bibliographical list of Reptilia from the Karroo Beds of South Africa, Palaeontologia Africana 2, 1-187

Romer A. S. (1956) , Osteology of the Reptiles, University of Chicago Press, 1-772

Lewis G. E., Vaughn P. P. (1965) Early Permian Vertebrates from the Cutler Formation of the Placerville Area, Colorado, United States Geological Survey Professional Papers 503-C, C1-C46

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Carroll R. L. (1967) A Limnoscelid Reptile from the Middle Pennsylvanian, Journal of Paleontology 41 5, 1256-1261

Carroll R. L. (1969) A Middle Pennsylvanian Captorhinomorph, and the Interrelationships of Primitive Reptiles, Journal of Paleontology 43 1, 151-170

Daly E. (1973) A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma, Journal of Paleontology 47 3, 562-589

Colbert E. H., Kitching J. W. (1975) The Triassic Reptile Procolophon in Antarctica, American Museum Novitates 2566, 1-23

Gow C. E. (1977) New Procolophonids from the Triassic Cynognathus Zone of South Africa, Annals of the South African Museum 72 6, 109-124

Heaton M. J. (1979) Cranial Anatomy of Primitive Captorhinid Reptiles from the Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian, Oklahoma and Texas, Oklahoma Geological Survey, Bulletin 127, 1-83

Lavina E. L. (1983) Procolophon pricei sp. n., um novo réptil procolofonídeo do Triássico do Rio Grande do Sul, Iheringia, Série Geologia 9, 51-78

Gauthier J. A., Kluge A. G., et al (1988) The early evolution of the Amniota, In M. J. Benton (ed.), The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Systematics Association Special Volume, Clarendon Press 35A, 103-155

Laurin M., Reisz R. R. (1995) A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113 2, 165-223

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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