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Rhinocerotidae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Teleoceras major

Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park, Antelope County, Nebraska, USA

Menoceras sp.

Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Sioux County, Nebraska, USA

Teleoceras major

Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park, Antelope County, Nebraska, USA

Menoceras sp.

Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Sioux County, Nebraska, USA

Teleoceras major

Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park, Antelope County, Nebraska, USA

Menoceras sp.

Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Sioux County, Nebraska, USA

Description

A rhinoceros (from Greek rhinokerōs, meaning 'nose-horned', from rhis, meaning 'nose', and keras, meaning 'horn'), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species therein. Two of the extant species are native to Africa, and three to Southern Asia. The term "rhinoceros" is often more broadly applied to now extinct species of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinocerotidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9415	https://www.gbif.org/species/9415
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	43187	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43187

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Perissodactyla
-	Tapiromorpha
-	Ceratomorpha
superfamily	Rhinocerotoidea	Gray 1821
family	Rhinocerotidae	Gray 1821

Common Name

rhinoceros

Scientific Name

Rhinocerotidae

Name Published In

London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.306

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Trichenae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1821
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Belluae	stated without evidence	Bonaparte, 1850
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Solidungula	stated with evidence	Leidy, 1873
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	stated without evidence	Cope, 1881
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Rhinocerotoidea	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	stated without evidence	Lambe, 1908
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Rhinocerotoidea	stated with evidence	Radinsky, 1966
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Tapiromorpha	stated without evidence	Thurmond and Jones, 1981
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Rhinocerotoidea	implied	Carroll, 1988
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Rhinocerotida	stated without evidence	Prothero and Schoch, 1989
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	implied	Nowak, 1991
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Rhinocerotoidea	stated without evidence	Dashzeveg, 1996
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Rhinocerotoidea	stated with evidence	Holbrook, 1999
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	stated without evidence	Antoine et al., 2000
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	implied	Sach and Heizmann, 2001
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	stated without evidence	Deng, 2003
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Rhinocerotoidea	stated with evidence	Prothero, 2005
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	implied	Hulbert and Whitmore, 2006
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	stated without evidence	Symeonidis et al., 2006
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	stated with evidence	Athanassiou et al., 2014
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Rhinocerotoidea	stated with evidence	Wang et al., 2016
Rhinocerotidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	stated without evidence	Geraads, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

214

Extant Size (PBDB)

14 (6.5%)

First Recorded Appearance

48.6 - 40.4 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

browser

Ecospace Comments

life habit based on Nowak 1999; diet is primitively browsing according to Prothero 1998

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. E. Gray. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310

Common Name(s)

Rhinoceros, Rhinoceroses, Rhinos

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinocerotidae

External Images

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Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Aceratheriinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		818	37.2 Ma Eocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Diceratheriinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		104	33.9 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Dicerorhininae subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Iranotheriinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	20.0 Ma Miocene	20.0 Ma Miocene
Menoceratinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		78	33.9 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Rhinocerotinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		887	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Teleoceratinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Aceratheriini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)		113	33.9 Ma Oligocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Acerorhinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	13.8 Ma Miocene	7.75 Ma Miocene
Aegyrcitherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.9 Ma Miocene	16.9 Ma Miocene
Alicornops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	13.7 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Amphicaenopus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	33.3 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Aphelops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		184	23.0 Ma Miocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Atelodus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Brachypotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		78	28.4 Ma Oligocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Bugtirhinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.0 Ma Miocene	20.0 Ma Miocene
Caenolophus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	48.6 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Ceratotherium genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	White Rhino	213	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Chilotheridium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	23.0 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Chilotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		49	23.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Coelodonta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Wooly Rhino	33	16.0 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Diaceratherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	28.4 Ma Oligocene	16.9 Ma Miocene
Diceratherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		102	33.9 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Dicerorhinus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		85	28.4 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Diceros genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Black Rhino	94	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Dihoplus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		59	23.0 Ma Miocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Epiaceratherium genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	41.3 Ma Eocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Floridaceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	30.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Galushaceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Gigantamynodon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gulfoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Hispanotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		20	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Hoploaceratherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.1 Ma Miocene
Huangotherium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Menoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		55	30.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Molassitherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Orthocynodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ougandatherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.0 Ma Miocene	20.0 Ma Miocene
Penetrigonias ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	40.4 Ma Eocene	33.3 Ma Oligocene
Peraceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		74	23.0 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Pleuroceros ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	28.4 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Procoelodonta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Prosantorhinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	20.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Protoaceratherium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhinoceros genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	One-horned Rhinoceros	96	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Ronzotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		32	37.2 Ma Eocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Rostriamynodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Shansirhinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	8.70 Ma Miocene	4.20 Ma Pliocene
Shennongtherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Skinneroceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.3 Ma Oligocene	33.3 Ma Oligocene
Stephanorhinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		201	16.0 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Subhyracodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		56	38.0 Ma Eocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Teleoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		334	23.0 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Teletaceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	48.6 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Toxotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	40.4 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Trigonias ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		31	46.2 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Turpanotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	33.9 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Uintaceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	46.2 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Woodoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	30.8 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Xiphodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	41.3 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Zalabis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Rhinoceros oregonensis (Marsh, 1873)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Rhinoceros oregonensis*
Rhinoceridae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinoceridae
Rhinoceros crassus (Leidy, 1858)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Rhinoceros crassus*
Anchisodon tubifer Cope, 1879	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Anchisodon tubifer*
Gigantamynodon akespensis Bayshashov, 1993	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Gigantamynodon akespensis*
Aphelops crassus (Leidy, 1858)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Aphelops crassus*
Peraceras crassus (Leidy, 1858)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Peraceras crassus*
Aceratherium oregonensis (Marsh, 1873)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Aceratherium oregonensis*
Diceratherium oregonensis (Marsh, 1873)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Diceratherium oregonensis*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1821	Rhinocerotidae Gray p. 306
1850	Rhinocerotidae Bonaparte p. 1
1858	Rhinoceros crassus Leidy p. 28
1873	Rhinoceros crassus Leidy p. 220
1873	Rhinocerotidae Leidy p. 328
1873	Rhinoceros oregonensis Marsh p. 410
1879	Anchisodon tubifer Cope
1881	Rhinoceridae Cope p. 393
1883	Rhinocerotidae Flower p. 185
1889	Rhinoceridae Cope p. 876
1890	Aphelops crassus Osborn
1891	Rhinocerotidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1899	Aceratherium oregonensis Matthew
1902	Anchisodon tubifer Hay p. 640
1902	Rhinocerotidae Hay p. 642
1902	Diceratherium oregonense Hay p. 644
1902	Aphelops crassus Hay p. 645
1908	Rhinocerotidae Lambe
1908	Diceratherium oregonensis Loomis
1916	Rhinoceridae Stefani p. 11
1918	Aphelops crassus Matthew
1960	Rhinocerotidae Wood pp. 88-90

Year	Name and Author
1966	Rhinocerotidae Radinsky p. 631
1977	Forstercooperia crudus Gabounia
1981	Rhinocerotidae Thurmond and Jones p. 186
1988	Rhinocerotidae Carroll
1989	Rhinocerotidae Prothero and Schoch p. 535
1990	Peraceras crassus Voorhies
1991	Rhinocerotidae Nowak
1993	Gigantamynodon akespensis Bayshashov
1996	Rhinocerotidae Dashzeveg p. 8
1999	Rhinocerotidae Holbrook p. 346
2000	Rhinocerotidae Antoine et al. p. 250
2001	Rhinocerotidae Sach and Heizmann p. 30
2003	Rhinocerotidae Deng p. 142
2005	Rhinocerotidae Geraads et al. p. 531
2005	Rhinocerotidae Prothero
2006	Rhinocerotidae Hulbert and Whitmore p. 18
2006	Rhinocerotidae Symeonidis et al.
2013	Rhinocerotidae Böhme et al.
2014	Rhinocerotidae Athanassiou et al.
2016	Rhinocerotidae Wang et al.
2017	Rhinocerotidae Geraads

References

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310

Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1

Leidy J. Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, Collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the Command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10, 15-89

Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358

Marsh O. C. Notice of new Tertiary mammals, American Journal of Science 5 29, 407-410 doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-5.29.407

Cope E. D. The systematic arrangement of the Order Perissodactyla, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19 108, 377-401

Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambe L. M. (1908) The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 4, 1-65 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61444

Loomis F. B. (1908) Rhinocerotidae of the lower Miocene, American Journal of Science 26 151, 51-64 doi:10.2475/ajs.s4-26.151.51

Matthew W. D. (1918) Contributions to the Snake Creek Fauna with notes upon the Pleistocene of western Nebraska, American Museum Expedition of 1916, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 38 7, 183-229

Radinsky L. B. (1966) The families of the Rhinocerotoidea (Mammalia, Perissodactyla), Journal of Mammalogy 47 4, 631-639

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537

Voorhies M. R. (1990) Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Ogallala Group in Nebraska, Geologic Framework and Regional Hydrology: Upper Cenozoic Blackwater Draw and Ogallala Formations, Great Plains, 115-151

Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II

Dashzeveg D. (1996) A new hyracodontid (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea) from the Ergilin Dzo Formation (Oligocene, Quarry 1) in Dzamyn Ude, Eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia, American Museum Novitates 3178, 1-12

Holbrook L. T. (1999) The Pphylogeny and classification of tapiromorph perissodactyls (Mammalia), Cladistics 15 3, 331-350

Antoine P.-O., Bulot C., et al (2000) Une faune rare de rhinocérotidés (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) dan le Miocène inférieur de Pellecahus (Gers, France), Geobios 33 2, 249-255

Sach V. J., Heizmann E. P. J. (2001) Stratigraphy and mammal faunas of the Brackwassermolasse in the surroundings of Ulm (Southwest Germany), Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 310, 1-95

Deng T. (2003) New material of Hispanotherium matritense (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla) from Laogou of Hezheng County (Gansu, China), with special reference to the Chinese Middle Miocene elasmotheres, Geobios 36, 141-150

Geraads D., Kaya T., et al (2005) Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 3, 523-544

Prothero D. R. (2005) The Evolution of North American Rhinoceroses, 1-218

Hulbert R. C., Whitmore F. C. (2006) Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla Local Fauna, Alabama, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 46 1, 1-28

Symeonidis N., Giaourtsakis I., et al (2006) Aivaliki, a New Locality with Fossil Rhinoceroses near Alistrati (Serres, Greece) , Beiträge zur Paläontologie 30, 437-451

Böhme M., Aiglstorfer M., et al (2013) Na Duong (northern Vietnam) – an exceptional window into Eocene ecosystems from Southeast Asia, Zitteliana A 53, 120-167

Athanassiou A., Roussiakis S. J., et al (2014) A new hornless rhinoceros of the genus Acerorhinus (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae) from the Upper Miocene of Kerassiá (Euboea, Greece), with a revision of related forms, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 303 1-3, 23-59

Wang H., Bai B., et al (2016) Earliest known unequivocal rhinocerotoid sheds new light on the origin of Giant Rhinos and phylogeny of early rhinocerotoids, Scientific Reports 6, 39607:1-9

Geraads D. (2017) Late Miocene large mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli province, Western Turkey, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 284 3, 241-257 doi:10.1127/njgpa/2017/0661

Groves, Colin, and Peter Grubb, 2011: null. Ungulate Taxonomy. ix + 317. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2000. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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