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Hystricidae

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Description

The Old World porcupines, or Hystricidae, are large terrestrial rodents, distinguished by the spiny covering from which they take their name. They range over the south of Europe and the Levant, most of Africa, India, and the maritime Southeast Asia as far east as Flores. Although both the Old World and New World porcupine families belong to the Hystricognathi branch of the vast order Rodentia, they are quite different and are not closely related.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hystricidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9705	https://www.gbif.org/species/9705
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42009	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42009

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
-	Glires
order	Rodentia
suborder	Hystricomorpha
infraorder	Hystricognathi
family	Hystricidae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817

Common Name

porcupine

Scientific Name

Hystricidae

Name Published In

Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscow vol.5 p.372

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Rosores	stated without evidence	Gray, 1821
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Glires	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Simplicidentata	stated without evidence	Flower, 1883
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Hystricomorpha	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Hystricomorpha	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Hystricognathi	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Hystricomorpha	implied	Carroll, 1988
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Rodentia	implied	Nowak, 1991
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Hystricomorpha	implied	Nowak, 1999
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Phiomorpha	stated with evidence	Huchon and Douzery, 2001
Hystricidae	family	belongs to Hystricognathi	stated with evidence	Coster et al., 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

8 (57%)

First Recorded Appearance

13.7 - 11.1 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore, frugivore

Ecospace Comments

life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. E. Gray. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310

Common Name(s)

Old World Porcupines, Porcupine

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hystricidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Atherurus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Brush-tailed Porcupine	4	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hystrix genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Porcupine	220	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Sivacanthion ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	13.7 Ma Miocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Spygurus genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Trichys genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Long-tailed Porcupine	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Xenohystrix ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	11.6 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Histricidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Histricidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1817	Hystricidae Fischer de Waldheim
1821	Histricidae Gray p. 304
1825	Histricidae Gray p. 341
1850	Hystricidae Bonaparte p. 1
1883	Hystricidae Flower p. 185
1889	Hystricidae Cope p. 876
1891	Hystricidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1898	Hystricidae Gadow p. 43

Year	Name and Author
1902	Hystricidae Hay p. 732
1911	Hystricidae Jaekel p. 222
1988	Hystricidae Carroll
1991	Hystricidae Nowak
1999	Hystricidae Nowak
2001	Hystricidae Huchon and Douzery p. 242
2010	Hystricidae Coster et al. p. 702

References

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1

Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II

Nowak R. M. (1999) , Walker's Mammals of the World, Sixth Edition II, 837-1936

Huchon D., Douzery E. J. P. (2001) From the Old World to the New World: a molecular chronicle of the phylogeny and biogeography of hystricognath rodents, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20 2, 238-251

Coster P., Benammi M., et al (2010) Gaudeamus lavocati sp. nov. (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the early Oligocene of Zallah, Libya: first African caviomorph?, Naturwissenschaften 97, 697-706

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

McKenna, Malcolm C., and Susan K. Bell, 1997: null. Classification of mammals above the species level. 631. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Woods, Charles A., and C. William Kilpatrick / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: Infraorder Hystricognathi Brandt, 1855. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 2. 1538-1600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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