Kalahari basin, African Platei
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Kalahari basin | Basin |
| African Plate | Tectonic Plate |
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This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities281 valid minerals. 32 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 (FRL) - first recorded locality of unapproved mineral/variety/etc.
Rock Types Recorded
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| ⓘ Aegirine Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6 Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Habit: Thin, flat-bladed Colour: Green to reddish brown, black Description: In the early 1990's it was found as mostly minute crystals & sometimes up to 1cm length as thin, flat-bladded, transparent crystals with pale green andradite and quartz. (ref: Von Bezing)
In late 2011 aegirine was found as gangue mineral, now found in association with marshallsussmanite. (ref: Cairncross)
Reference: Gait, R., & Williams, M. P. (1980) Sugilite, a Second Occurrenge: Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Republic of South Africa. Canadian Mineralogist, 18, 37-39; Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update. Mineralogical Record: 22(4), 279-302; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995) Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451; Gutzmer, J. (1996) Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University); Cairncross, B. and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa pp 150; Rumsey, M. S., Welch, M. D., Kampf, A. R., & Spratt, J. (2013) Diegogattaite, Na2CaCu2Si8O20· H2O: a new nanoporous copper sheet silicate from Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Republic of South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(8), 3155-3162; |
| ⓘ Aegirine-augite Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 Reference: GENIS, G. FOYAIETKOMPLEKS OP HARUCHAS 10, DISTRIK WARMBAD, SUIDWES-AFRIKA. Annals of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 9, 99-100. |
| ⓘ Afwillite Formula: Ca3(HSiO4)2 · 2H2O Localities: Description: Less than 50 specimens preserved Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa pg 180 |
| ⓘ Åkermanite Formula: Ca2Mg[Si2O7] Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Habit: massive Description: found as micromounts Reference: South African Micromount Society, Kalahari Manganese Fields - KMF, by Dixon, R., and Bezing, L. Von., (1989) Locality datasheet ML 02 |
| ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] Reference: GENIS, G. FOYAIETKOMPLEKS OP HARUCHAS 10, DISTRIK WARMBAD, SUIDWES-AFRIKA. Annals of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 9, 99-100. |
| ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar' Localities: Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ 'Alkali pyroxene' Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) Formula: {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Alleghanyite Formula: Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 Reference: XRD and SEM-EDS by Joy Desor and Gerhard Möhn |
ⓘ Aluminosugilite Formula: KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 Reference: Frank K. Mazdab collection: "Al-dominant analog of sugilite", sugilite, and associated minerals in thin section [thin section FKM-173] https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-151-to-fkm-175/#FKM-173 |
| ⓘ Alunite Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Description: Found as a layer of massive white nodules in the Whitehill Shale Formation of the Karoo Sequence Reference: Bezing, L. von., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, (in English) |
| ⓘ Amesite Formula: Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa 182.
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| ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Localities: Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ Andalusite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Localities: Habit: 1m x 30cm Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa, page 183; |
| ⓘ Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451.; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Andradite var. Hydroandradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x Description: Late-stage hydrothermal orange-red octahedral cystals, associated with henritermierite and earlier calcite, in cracks and vugs of hematite-haussmannite ore. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 Localities: Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 389 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Ankerite Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Habit: massive Description: thumbnail specimens Reference: South African Micromount Society, Kalahari Manganese Fields - KMF, by Dixon, R., and Bezing, L. Von., (1989) Locality datasheet ML 02 |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Habit: massive Description: micromount specimens Reference: South African Micromount Society, Kalahari Manganese Fields - KMF, by Dixon, R., and Bezing, L. Von., (1989) Locality datasheet ML 02 |
| ⓘ 'Apophyllite Group' Formula: AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O Reference: Mineralogical Record (2001) 32:252 |
ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Gloria Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Arfvedsonite Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ Armbrusterite Formula: K5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2O Reference: John M. Moore, Barbara K. Kuhn, Darren F. Mark, and Harilaos Tsikos (2011): A sugilite-bearing assemblage from the Wolhaarkop breccia, Bruce iron-ore mine, South Africa: Evidence for alkali metasomatism and 40Ar-39Ar dating. Eur. J. Mineral. 23, 661-673.; Moore, J.M., Kuhn, B., Mark, D.F., Tsikos, H. (2011): A sugilite-bearing assemblage from the Wolhaarkop breccia, Bruce iron-ore mine, South Africa: Evidence for alkali metasomatism and 40Ar-39Ar dating. European Journal of Mineralogy: 23: 661-673; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=7909 (2016) |
| ⓘ Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Localities: Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108. |
| ⓘ Autunite Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Baddeleyite Formula: ZrO2 Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108. |
| ⓘ Banalsite Formula: Na2BaAl4Si4O16 Localities: Habit: massive Description: micromount specimens Reference: South African Micromount Society, Kalahari Manganese Fields - KMF, by Dixon, R., and Bezing, L. Von., (1989) Locality datasheet ML 02 |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region. Habit: Prismatic Description: Prismatic crystals up to 16cm long. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;
Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: 186.; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
| ⓘ Becquerelite Formula: Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Bementite Formula: Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Reference: Geyer, H. (2008) Biobenefication of Sishen Hematite Iron Ore, using bacterial cultures to remove potassium (Muscovite) and phosphorous (Apatite). Masters thesis, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa |
| ⓘ Birnessite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O Reference: South African Micromount Society, Kalahari Manganese Fields - KMF, by Dixon, R., and Bezing, L. Von., (1989) Locality datasheet ML 02 |
| ⓘ Bismite Formula: Bi2O3 Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 383 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Bismuth Formula: Bi Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
ⓘ Bixbyite-(Mn) Formula: Mn3+2O3 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Reference: South African Micromount Society, Kalahari Manganese Fields - KMF, by Dixon, R., and Bezing, L. Von., (1989) Locality datasheet ML 02; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451; Mineralogical Record (2001) 32:252 |
| ⓘ 'Bloodstone' Formula: SiO2 Reference: Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals Of Southern Africa. 181 pp. |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Localities: Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure), Vryburg, Naledi Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Ngwako Pan, Ngamiland East District, North-West District, Botswana Oamities Mine, Oamities, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia Garub Farm 266, Karasburg East, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Brandtite Formula: Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O Reference: [MinRec 22:480] |
| ⓘ Brannerite Formula: UTi2O6 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Braunite Formula: Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. Habit: Crystals to 1cm Colour: Black Reference: [Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302; Min Rec (2009) 40:78]; Mineralogical Record (2001) 32:252; Gait, R., & Williams, M. P. (1980). Sugilite, a Second Occurrenge: Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Republic of South Africa. Canadian Mineralogist, 18, 37-39.; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
| ⓘ 'Braunite-II' (FRL) Formula: CaMn3+14(SiO4)O20 Localities: Reference: American Mineralogist (1967): 52, 20-30; Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) pp 282; Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa, pg 190; Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa, pg 156. |
| ⓘ Brezinaite Formula: Cr3S4 Reference: Petaev, M. I. (1997, March). Cr-bearing Minerals in the Gibeon IVA Iron: Indicators of Sulfur and Oxygen Fugacities in the Parent Body. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 28, p. 1091). |
| ⓘ Brookite Formula: TiO2 Reference: Werner, M., Cook, N.J. (2001) Nb-rich brookite from Gross Brukkaros, Namibia: substitution mechanisms and Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios. Mineralogical Magazine, 65(3), 437–440. |
ⓘ Brucite Formula: Mg(OH)2 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Description: Late 2003 sky blue brucite was found, studded with sulphur-yellow ettringite crystals. Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: 191.
; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
ⓘ Bultfonteinite Formula: Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Bunsenite Formula: NiO Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Bustamite Formula: CaMn2+(Si2O6) Localities: Reference: Maggie Wilson Collection |
| ⓘ Cairncrossite (TL) Formula: Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x Type Locality: Description: Found on dump Block 17, Wessels Mine, Northern Cape, only known specimen in the collection of Ludi Von Bezing. Reference: Giester, G., Lengauer, C.L., Pristacz, H., Rieck, B. and von Bezing, K.-L. (2013) Cairncrossite, IMA 2013-012. CNMNC Newsletter No. 16, August 2013, page 2703; Mineralogical Magazine, 77, 2695-2709.; Giester, G., Lengauer, C.L., Pristacz, H., Rieck, B., Topa, D., von Bezing, K.-L. (2016): Cairncrossite, a new phyllosilicate from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 495-505 |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 25 localities in this region. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;; Mineralogical Record (2001) 32:252; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451.; Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1994). Effenbergerite BaCu [Si4010], a new mineral from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 58, 663-670. |
| ⓘ Calcite var. Iceland Spar Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals Of Southern Africa: 62. |
ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite Formula: (Ca,Mn)CO3 Localities: Reference: Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Caryopilite Formula: Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Cassiterite Formula: SnO2 Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 620 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Celestine Formula: SrSO4 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Habit: Slightly curved, prismatic to nearly fibrous. Colour: Pearly blue, colourless to white Description: pearly blue, slightly curved crystals are found in association with baryte, calcite, hydroxyapophyllite and pectolite at wessels which also yielded white to colourless slightly curved, prismatic to fibrous crystals associated with andradite, strontium-rich calcite, hausmannite and sturmanite. Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: 194.
Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals Of Southern Africa: 67.
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| ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) Formula: (Ce4+,Th)O2 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 Localities: Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 390 (in English) |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Chalcophanite Formula: ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O Reference: Wilson, W.E. & Dunn, P.J., (1978) Famous localities: The Kalahari manganese field. Mineralogical Record 9(3) pp 151. |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region. Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Cloete, M., Hart, R. J., Cloete, H. C. C., McDonald, I., & Andreoli, M. A. G. (2001). Inclusions from the Morokweng Impact Melt Sheet, South Africa: Possible Fragments of a Palaeometeorite. Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 36, A41.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423).
Beckett-Brown, C. E., McDonald, A. M., & Zhe, W. (2018). A Crystallographically Oriented Intergrowth of Siegenite (CoNi2S4) and Millerite from the Morokweng Impact Structure, South Africa: Chemistry, Texture, and Origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 56(5), 705-722. |
| ⓘ Chamosite Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
ⓘ Charlesite ? Formula: Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O Localities: Description: No formal testing known Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Chloritoid Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 Reference: Harawa, E. T. (2016). Mineralogy and geochemistry of structurally-controlled metasomatic alteration of carbonate-rich manganese ore at Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field (Masters thesis, Department of Geology, Rhodes University). |
| ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Localities: Reference: Cloete, M., Hart, R. J., Cloete, H. C. C., McDonald, I., & Andreoli, M. A. G. (2001). Inclusions from the Morokweng Impact Melt Sheet, South Africa: Possible Fragments of a Palaeometeorite. Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 36, A41. |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 Localities: Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 508 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Chrysotile Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Reference: Massey, N.W.D. (1973) Mineral Resources Report No. 3 - Resources Inventory of Botswana: Industrial Rocks and Minerals, Geological Survey Department, Botswana |
ⓘ Cinnabar Formula: HgS Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Habit: microcrystals Colour: red Description: Originally found in the late 1990's on bladed hausmannite, XRD confirmed both. Recent finds of calcite with cinnabar inclusions have been identified. Reference: Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa, 192 pp. |
| ⓘ Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
| ⓘ 'Clinochrysotile' Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Clinoenstatite Formula: MgSiO3 Description: Cores of elongated crystals can be as Mg-rich as Fs0.16. Reference: Ashwal, L. D. (2001) Korra Korrabes: A new, large H3 chondrite breccia from Namibia: Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36 (8),1027-1038. (Aug 2001). |
| ⓘ 'Clinoptilolite' Formula: M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O Locality: Nata, Central District, Botswana Reference: Smale, D. (1968). The occurrence of clinoptilolite in pan sediments in the Nata area, Northern Botswana. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 71(2), 153-172. |
| ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' Description: Frequently twinned. Reference: Ashwal, L. D. (2001) Korra Korrabes: A new, large H3 chondrite breccia from Namibia: Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36 (8),1027-1038. (Aug 2001). |
| ⓘ Clinotobermorite Formula: [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) Reference: Biagioni, C., Bonaccorsi, E., Lezzerini, M., Merlini, M., & Merlino, S. (2012). Thermal behaviour of tobermorite from N’Chwaning II mine (Kalahari Manganese Field, Republic of South Africa). I. Thermo-gravimetric and X-ray diffraction studies. European Journal of Mineralogy, 24(6), 981-989. |
| ⓘ Clinozoisite Formula: {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1994). Effenbergerite BaCu [Si4010], a new mineral from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 58, 663-670. |
| ⓘ Colinowensite (TL) Formula: BaCuSi2O6 Type Locality: Reference: Rieck B., Pristacz H. and Giester G. (2015) Colinowensite, BaCuSi2O6, a new mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa and new data on wesselsite, SrCuSi4O10. Mineralogical Magazine: 79(7): 1769-1778.; Rieck, B. (2013) Colinowensite, IMA 2012-060. CNMNC Newsletter No. 15, February 2013, page 6. Mineralogical Magazine: 77: 1-12. |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' Reference: Collection of Geoscience Museum, Pretoria |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite' Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 393 (in English) |
| ⓘ Cooperite Formula: PtS Reference: Beckett-Brown, C. E., McDonald, A. M., & Zhe, W. (2018). A Crystallographically Oriented Intergrowth of Siegenite (CoNi2S4) and Millerite from the Morokweng Impact Structure, South Africa: Chemistry, Texture, and Origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 56(5), 705-722. |
ⓘ Copper Formula: Cu Localities: Reference: Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1994). Effenbergerite BaCu [Si4010], a new mineral from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 58, 663-670. |
| ⓘ 'Copper Stain' Reference: Schoeman, P. (1996). Overview and comparison of Besshi-type deposits: ancient and recent (Doctoral dissertation, Rhodes University). |
| ⓘ Cordierite Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Moore, J. M., Waters, D. J., & Niven, M. L. (1990). Werdingite, a new borosilicate mineral from the granulite facies of the western Namaqualand metamorphic complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 75(3-4), 415-420. |
| ⓘ Corundum Formula: Al2O3 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS Localities: Reference: Cox, D.P., Lindsey, D.A., Singer, D.A., Moring, B.C., and Diggles, M.F. (2003): USGS Open-File Report 03-107 |
| ⓘ Creedite Formula: Ca3SO4Al2F8(OH)2 · 2H2O Localities: Habit: micaceous Colour: white Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Crossite' Reference: Verwoerd, W. J. (1993). Update on carbonatites of South Africa and Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 96, 75-96. |
| ⓘ Cryptomelane Formula: K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Reference: Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
| ⓘ Cymrite Formula: BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O Localities: Reference: Wilson, W.E. & Dunn, P.J., (1978) Famous localities: The Kalahari manganese field. Mineralogical Record 9(3) 137-153. |
| ⓘ Cyprine (TL) Formula: Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 Localities: Reference: Panikorovskii,T.L.,Shilovskikh,V.V., Avdontseva, E.Y., Zolotarev, A.A., Pekov, I.V., Britvin, S.N. and Krivovichev, S.V. (2015) Cyprine, IMA 2015-044. CNMNC Newsletter No. 27, October 2015, page 1228; Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 1229–1236.; Panikorovskii, T.L., Shilovskikh, V.V., Avdontseva, E.Yu., Zolotarev, A.A., Pekov, I.V., Britvin, S.N., Krivovichev, S.V. (2017): Cyprine, Ca19Cu2+(Al,Mg,Mn)12Si18O68(OH)10, a new vesuvianite-group mineral from the Wessels mine, South Africa. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 295-306. |
| ⓘ Datolite Formula: CaB(SiO4)(OH) Localities: Colour: flesh pink Reference: Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (1993): Recent discoveries from the Wessels mine South Africa. Mineralogocal Record 24 (5): 365-368 |
| ⓘ Daubréelite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2S4 Reference: Michael J. Frost (1967) Oriented Lamellae in the Gibeon Meteorite. Mineralogical Magazine 36:607-612.; Petaev, M. I., & Marvin, U. B. (1997, March). Mineralogy and origin of brassy, sulfide-rich masses in the Gibeon IVA iron. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 28, p. 1093).; Petaev, M. I. (1997, March). Cr-bearing Minerals in the Gibeon IVA Iron: Indicators of Sulfur and Oxygen Fugacities in the Parent Body. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 28, p. 1091). |
| ⓘ Davemaoite (TL) Formula: CaSiO3 Type Locality: Reference: Tschauner, O., Huang, S., Yang, S., and Humayun, M. (2020) Davemaoite, IMA 2020-012a, in: CNMNC Newsletter 58. European Journal of Mineralogy: 32. https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-645-2020; Tschauner, Oliver; Huang, Shichun; Yang, Shuying; Humayun, Munir; Liu, Wenjun; Gilbert Corder; Stephanie N.; Bechtel, Hans A.; Tischler, Jon; Rossman, George R. (2021) Discovery of davemaoite, CaSiO₃-perovskite, as a mineral from the lower mantle. Science, 374, 891-894. |
ⓘ Despujolsite Formula: Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O Localities: Reference: Cairncross photo ID 729306 |
| ⓘ Diamond Formula: C Localities: Reference: Boteti Kimberlite Project. |
ⓘ Diaspore Formula: AlO(OH) Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Diaspore var. Mangan-diaspore Formula: AlO(OH) Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991): The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record: 22(4), 284. |
| ⓘ Diegogattaite (TL) Formula: Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O Type Locality: Reference: Rumsey, M. S., Welch, M. D., Kampf, A. R., & Spratt, J. (2013). Diegogattaite, Na2CaCu2Si8O20· H2O: a new nanoporous copper sheet silicate from Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Republic of South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(8), 3155-3162. |
| ⓘ Digenite Formula: Cu9S5 Reference: Cox, D.P., Lindsey, D.A., Singer, D.A., Moring, B.C., and Diggles, M.F. (2003): USGS Open-File Report 03-107 |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 Localities: Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure), Vryburg, Naledi Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Sishen Mine, Kathu, Gamagara, John Taolo Gaetsewe, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Luis Leite |
| ⓘ Dumortierite Formula: Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) Reference: Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals Of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town SAdumortierite, |
| ⓘ Effenbergerite (TL) Formula: BaCuSi4O10 Type Locality: Description: It occurs in pectolite veins which transect a fine grained massive matrix of sugelite, braunite and manganite. Additional minerals accompanying the assemblage include copper, calcite, clinozoite and quartz. Reference: Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1994). Effenbergerite BaCu [Si4010], a new mineral from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 58, 663-670. |
| ⓘ Enstatite Formula: Mg2Si2O6 Localities: Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108. |
| ⓘ Ephesite Formula: NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 Localities: Description: Found in fissures as small platy 1mm clusters of pale pink ephesite crystals, associated with massive beige andradite, hematite and hausmannite. It has also been identified in assemblage with calcite, brucite, andradite, hausmannite and barite. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Eskolaite Formula: Cr2O3 Reference: Petaev, M. I. (1997, March). Cr-bearing Minerals in the Gibeon IVA Iron: Indicators of Sulfur and Oxygen Fugacities in the Parent Body. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 28, p. 1091). |
ⓘ Ettringite Formula: Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Description: Ettringite, Jouravskite, Charlesite and Sturmanite cannot be identified visually. All specimens are at best a 'guess' unless analysed, there are no visual properties to distinguish one from another, other mineral associations do not factor either. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. + Hochleitner, R. (1986). Sturmanit und Ettringit aus den Kalahari-Manganfeldern. LAPIS 11 (10), 19-24 |
| ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Localities: Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure), Vryburg, Naledi Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa Korra Korrabes meteorite, Gibeon, Hardap Region, Namibia Gibeon Kimberlite Occurrence, Gibeon, Hardap Region, Namibia Bokiesbank Occurrence, Bokiesbank Ost Farm 79, Karasburg East, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Reference: Cloete, M., Hart, R. J., Cloete, H. C. C., McDonald, I., & Andreoli, M. A. G. (2001). Inclusions from the Morokweng Impact Melt Sheet, South Africa: Possible Fragments of a Palaeometeorite. Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 36, A41.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Feitknechtite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) Localities: Reference: XRD by John Attard; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' Localities: Reference: Moore, J.M., Kuhn, B., Mark, D.F., Tsikos, H. (2011): A sugilite-bearing assemblage from the Wolhaarkop breccia, Bruce iron-ore mine, South Africa: Evidence for alkali metasomatism and 40Ar-39Ar dating. European Journal of Mineralogy: 23: 661-673; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=7909 (2016) |
| ⓘ 'Fergusonite' Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) Formula: YNbO4 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Ferrisicklerite' Formula: Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4 Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 393 (in English) |
| ⓘ 'Ferro-akermanite' Formula: Ca2FeSi2O7 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Ferrobustamite Formula: CaFe2+(Si2O6) Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F Localities: Description: Tabular crystals associated with light brown andradite Reference: Cairncross photo ID 729308 |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ Forsterite Formula: Mg2SiO4 Reference: Anashkin, S., Bovkun, A., Bindi, L., Garanin, V., & Litvin, Y. (2013). Kudryavtsevaite, Na3MgFe3+ Ti4O12, a new kimberlitic mineral. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(3), 327-334. |
| ⓘ Foshagite Formula: Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Freudenbergite Formula: Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 Reference: Anashkin, S., Bovkun, A., Bindi, L., Garanin, V., & Litvin, Y. (2013). Kudryavtsevaite, Na3MgFe3+ Ti4O12, a new kimberlitic mineral. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(3), 327-334.; Anashkin, S. M., Bovkun, A. V., Litvin, Y. A., & Garanin, V. K. (2013, August). The Na-Mg-Fe-Ti oxide mineral in association with picroilmenite and freudenbergite from kimberlite of the AK8 pipe, Botswana (natural and experimental data). In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 451, No. 2, pp. 849-854). Springer US. |
ⓘ Friedelite Formula: Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Middelplaats Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ 'Gadolinite' Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) Formula: Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
ⓘ Gageite Formula: Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ 'Gageite-2M' Formula: (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 Locality: N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: www.excaliburmineral.com |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Reference: Cairncross, B. and Beukes, N.J. (2013). The Kalahari Manganese Field: the adventure continues. Random House Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 384 pages.
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| ⓘ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 Localities: Reference: Field, M., Stiefenhofer, J., Robey, J., and Kurszlaukis, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 33-75. |
✪ Gatehouseite Formula: Mn2+5(PO4)2(OH)4 Locality: N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Habit: Acicular Colour: Yellow Description: Occurs in the shigaite zone associated with baryte, rhodochrosite and shigaite. Reference: Personally communication between Bruce Cairncross and Frank Hawthorne who quatitatively identified a second, virtually identical specimen of gatehouseite |
| ⓘ Gaudefroyite Formula: Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 Localities: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Habit: Prismatic, hair-like, fibrous. Colour: Black, copper-brown Description: Largest crystals were up to 5cm, specimens of 1cm are common. Associated minerals are andradite, calcite, ettringite, hausmannite and hematite.
The bronze hair-like specimens have been found in association with baryte, calcite, gypsum, hausmannite and hematite. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University); Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa |
| ⓘ 'Glass' Description: Glass in chondrules is often albitic or enhanced in both Na & K. Reference: Ashwal, L. D. (2001) Korra Korrabes: A new, large H3 chondrite breccia from Namibia: Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36 (8),1027-1038. (Aug 2001).; Grossman, J.N. & Zipfel, J. (2001). The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 85, 2001 September. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36(9,Suppl.): pp. A293-A322. (Sept 2001). |
| ⓘ Glaucochroite Formula: CaMn2+SiO4 Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ 'Glauconite' Formula: (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. Description: Also as pseudomorphs after kutnohorite Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Gold Formula: Au Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 596 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Gonyerite Formula: (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Gowerite Formula: Ca[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3] · 3H2O Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Grandidierite Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Moore, J. M., Waters, D. J., & Niven, M. L. (1990). Werdingite, a new borosilicate mineral from the granulite facies of the western Namaqualand metamorphic complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 75(3-4), 415-420. |
| ⓘ Graphite Formula: C Localities: Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure), Vryburg, Naledi Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Bushman Group, Tutume Subdistrict, Central District, Botswana Oamities Mine, Oamities, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia Graphite mine, Aukum Farm 104, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Greenalite Formula: (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 Reference: Siemes, H. (2013) Microstructure and Crystallographic Preferred Orientation (CPO) of Hematite Ores from the Sishen Mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology: 116(1): 79-100. |
| ⓘ Grossular Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Grossular var. Hibschite Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x Localities: Description: Recorded as small grains. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa 214.
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ⓘ Groutite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Gloria Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Van King |
| ⓘ Grunerite Formula: ◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Reference: Siemes, H. (2013). Microstructure and Crystallographic Preferred Orientation (CPO) of Hematite Ores from the Sishen Mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 116(1), 79-100. |
ⓘ Guidottiite (TL) Formula: Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 Type Locality: Reference: Wahle, M.W., Bujnowski, T.J., Guggenheim, S., Kogure, T. (2010): Guidottiite, the Mn-analogue of cronstedtite: A new serpentine group mineral from South Africa. Clays and Clay Minerals, 58, 364-378. |
ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
ⓘ Hausmannite Formula: Mn2+Mn3+2O4 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451.; Antao, S. M., Cruickshank, L. A., & Hazrah, K. S. (2019). Structural Trends and Solid-Solutions Based on the Crystal Chemistry of Two Hausmannite (Mn3O4) Samples from the Kalahari Manganese Field. Minerals, 9(6), 343. |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Hemimorphite Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 389 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Hennomartinite (TL) Formula: SrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O Type Locality: Habit: anhedral Colour: yellow-brown Description: Intergrowths with serandite-pectolite in small veins crosscutting an assemblage of idiomorphic sugilite in fibrous serandite-pectolite. Reference: Schweiz.Min.Petr.Mitt.(1993) 73, 349-355; Gnos, E., Armbruster, T., & Villa, I. M. (2003). Norrishite, K (Mn23+ Li) Si4O10 (O) 2, an oxymica associated with sugilite from the Wessels Mine, South Africa: Crystal chemistry and 40Ar-39Ar dating. American Mineralogist, 88(1), 189-194. |
ⓘ Henritermierite Formula: Ca3Mn3+2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] Localities: Habit: dipyramid Colour: red Description: Zoned crystals with holtstamite. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;; European Journal of Mineralogy: 17(2): 375-382.; Antao, S. M., Cruickshank, L. A., & Hazrah, K. S. (2019). Structural Trends and Solid-Solutions Based on the Crystal Chemistry of Two Hausmannite (Mn3O4) Samples from the Kalahari Manganese Field. Minerals, 9(6), 343. |
| ⓘ Hercynite Formula: Fe2+Al2O4 Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Moore, J. M., Waters, D. J., & Niven, M. L. (1990). Werdingite, a new borosilicate mineral from the granulite facies of the western Namaqualand metamorphic complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 75(3-4), 415-420. |
| ⓘ Heterosite Formula: (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 602 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Hollandite Formula: Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 Description: Microscopically identified in the ore. Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: pp 214. |
| ⓘ Holtstamite (TL) Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] Type Locality: Description: Zoned crystals with henritermierite. Reference: Am. Min. (2005): 90: 1946; European Journal of Mineralogy: 17(2): 375-382. |
| ⓘ 'Hornblende' Localities: Reference: Allsopp, H. L., Kostlin, E. O., Welke, H. J., Burger, A. J., Kroner, A., & Blignault, H. J. (1979). Rb-Sr and U-Pb geochronology of late Precambrian-early Palaeozoic igneous activity in the Richtersveld (South Africa) and southern South West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 82(2), 185-204.
Verwoerd, W. J. (1993). Update on carbonatites of South Africa and Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 96, 75-96. |
| ⓘ Hureaulite Formula: Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 603 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Hydrotalcite Formula: Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Habit: Spherical aggregates of acicular crystals that radiate from a common centre. Colour: White Description: Small millimetre crystals associated with calcite. It does look similar to bultfonteinite, strontianite and xonotlite (Cairncross, B., Beukes, N.J. 2013) Reference: Cairncross, B., Beukes, N.J. (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
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ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Formula: KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O Localities: Reference: Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (1993): Recent discoveries from the Wessels mine South Africa. Mineralogocal Record 24 (5): 365-368 |
| ⓘ Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) (TL) Formula: KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O Type Locality: Reference: Yang, H., Gu, X., and Scott, M.M. (2021): Hydroxymcglassonite-(K), IMA 2020-066, in: CNMNC Newsletter 59. European Journal of Mineralogy, 33. https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-139-2021
Yang, H., Gu, X., Scott, M.M. (2022) Hydroxymcglassonite-(K), KSr4Si8O20(OH)⋅8H2O, the first Sr-bearing member of the apophyllite group, from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 107(9), 1818-1822. |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite Formula: (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 Reference: Anashkin, S. M., Bovkun, A. V., Litvin, Y. A., & Garanin, V. K. (2013, August). The Na-Mg-Fe-Ti oxide mineral in association with picroilmenite and freudenbergite from kimberlite of the AK8 pipe, Botswana (natural and experimental data). In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 451, No. 2, pp. 849-854). Springer US. |
| ⓘ Inesite Formula: Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Habit: chisel-shaped in stacked, fan-shaped parallell groups and aggregates Colour: pale red Reference: Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (1993): Recent discoveries from the Wessels mine South Africa. Mineralogocal Record 24 (5): 365-368; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
| ⓘ Iron Formula: Fe Localities: Reference: Ashwal, L. D. (2001) Korra Korrabes: A new, large H3 chondrite breccia from Namibia: Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36 (8),1027-1038. (Aug 2001). |
| ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Localities: Reference: Ashwal, L. D. (2001) Korra Korrabes: A new, large H3 chondrite breccia from Namibia: Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36 (8),1027-1038. (Aug 2001). |
| ⓘ Jacobsite Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2O4 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Jennite Formula: Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O Habit: Platey crystals to 0.5mm Description: Single pocket found. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Johannsenite Formula: CaMn2+Si2O6 Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
ⓘ Jouravskite Formula: Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O Localities: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Description: Jouravskite, Charlesite, Ettringite and Sturmanite cannot be identified visually. All specimens are at best a 'guess' unless analysed, there are no visual properties to distinguish one from another, other mineral associations do not factor either. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Kaersutite Formula: NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 Reference: Allsopp, H. L., Kostlin, E. O., Welke, H. J., Burger, A. J., Kroner, A., & Blignault, H. J. (1979). Rb-Sr and U-Pb geochronology of late Precambrian-early Palaeozoic igneous activity in the Richtersveld (South Africa) and southern South West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 82(2), 185-204.
Verwoerd, W. J. (1993). Update on carbonatites of South Africa and Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 96, 75-96. |
| ⓘ Kalistrontite Formula: K2Sr(SO4)2 Reference: Mees, F. (1999): Distribution patterns of gypsum and kalistrontite in a dry lake basin of the southwestern Kalahari (Omongwa pan, Namibia). Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 24, 731-744. |
| ⓘ Kalsilite Formula: KAlSiO4 Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 392 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Kenotobermorite (TL) Formula: Ca4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2 · 3H2O Type Locality: Description: The type specimen was erronously stated as comiing from the Wessels mine in Merlino et al (2001), and corrected in Biagioni et al (2015). Reference: Merlino S, Bonaccorsi E, Armbruster T (2001) The real structure of tobermorite 11Å: normal and anomalous forms, OD character and polytypic modification. European Journal of Mineralogy 13, 577-590 ; Biagioni, C., Merlino, S., Bonaccorsi, E. (2015): The tobermorite supergroup: a new nomenclature. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 485-495 |
| ⓘ 'Kenotobermorite-4O' Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Merlino S, Bonaccorsi E, Armbruster T (2001) The real structure of tobermorite 11Å: normal and anomalous forms, OD character and polytypic modification. European Journal of Mineralogy 13, 577-590; Biagioni, C., Merlino, S., Bonaccorsi, E. (2015): The tobermorite supergroup: a new nomenclature. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 485-495 |
| ⓘ Kentrolite Formula: Pb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' Formula: KAlSi3O8 Localities: Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Bruce mine, Kathu, Gamagara, John Taolo Gaetsewe, Northern Cape, South Africa Sishen Mine, Kathu, Gamagara, John Taolo Gaetsewe, Northern Cape, South Africa Garub Farm 266, Karasburg East, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Bokiesbank Occurrence, Bokiesbank Ost Farm 79, Karasburg East, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ Kirschsteinite Formula: CaFe2+SiO4 Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Kornerupine Formula: Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH) Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Moore, J. M., Waters, D. J., & Niven, M. L. (1990). Werdingite, a new borosilicate mineral from the granulite facies of the western Namaqualand metamorphic complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 75(3-4), 415-420. |
| ⓘ Kudryavtsevaite (TL) Formula: Na3(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Ti)2Ti3O12 Type Locality: Reference: Anashkin, S., Bovkun, A., Bindi, L., Garanin, V., Litvin, Y. (2013) Kudryavtsevaite, |
| ⓘ Kutnohorite Formula: CaMn2+(CO3)2 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Leinster deposit, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
| ⓘ Kyanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Localities: Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 634 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ 'Labuntsovite Group' Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ Lavinskyite (TL) Formula: K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 Localities: Reference: http://rruff.info/lavinskyite; Yang, H., Downs, R.T., Evans, S.H., Pinch, W.W. (2014): Lavinskyite, K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4, isotypic with planchéite, a new mineral from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 99, 525-530. |
| ⓘ Lepidocrocite Formula: γ-Fe3+O(OH) Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Lepidolite' Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 393 (in English) |
| ⓘ Leucophoenicite Formula: Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 Localities: Habit: Short lath-shaped and flattened crystals. Colour: dark red-brown Description: Found in assemblage with gageite, rhodochrosite, pyrochroite, hausmannite and calcite Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari Manganese Field: An Update, Mineralogical Record, 22(4) 279-302; Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: 208. |
| ⓘ Liebenbergite Formula: Ni2SiO4 Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' Localities: Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia The 'Balcony', Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Kauchab Farm, Feldschuhhorn area, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Weltevrede Plugs, Karasburg East, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
ⓘ Lipuite (TL) Formula: KNa8Mn3+5 Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O Type Locality: Reference: Gu, X., Yang, H., Xie, X., van Nieuwenhuizen, J.J., Downs, R.T., Evans, S.H. (2019) Lipuite, a new manganese phyllosilicate mineral from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine: 83(5): 645-654.; Yang, H., Gu, X., Xie, X., van Nieuwenhuizen, J.J., Evans, S.H. and Downs, R.T. (2015) Lipuite, IMA 2014-085. CNMNC Newsletter No. 23, February 2015, page 58. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 51-58.
Gu, X., Yang, H., Xie, X., Van Nieuwenhuizen, J., Downs, R., & Evans, S. (2019). Lipuite, a new manganese phyllosilicate mineral from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 83(5), 645-654. doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.12 |
| ⓘ 'Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series' Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 603 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Lithiophorite Formula: (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
ⓘ Lizardite Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Maghemite Formula: (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108. |
| ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite Formula: {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Magnesite Formula: MgCO3 Reference: Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals Of Southern Africa. 139 |
ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423).
Beckett-Brown, C. E., McDonald, A. M., & Zhe, W. (2018). A Crystallographically Oriented Intergrowth of Siegenite (CoNi2S4) and Millerite from the Morokweng Impact Structure, South Africa: Chemistry, Texture, and Origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 56(5), 705-722. |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ 'Manganese' Formula: Mn Localities: Reference: John M. Moore, Barbara K. Kuhn, Darren F. Mark, and Harilaos Tsikos (2011): A sugilite-bearing assemblage from the Wolhaarkop breccia, Bruce iron-ore mine, South Africa: Evidence for alkali metasomatism and 40Ar-39Ar dating. Eur. J. Mineral. 23, 661-673. |
| ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides' Reference: Geoff Krasnov collection |
ⓘ Manganite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Reference: Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
| ⓘ 'Manganomelane' Reference: Harawa, E. T. (2016). Mineralogy and geochemistry of structurally-controlled metasomatic alteration of carbonate-rich manganese ore at Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field (Masters thesis, Department of Geology, Rhodes University). |
ⓘ Manganvesuvianite (TL) Formula: Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 Localities: Type Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Armbruster, T., Gnos, E., Dixon, R., Gutzmer, J., Hejny, C., Döbelin, N., Medenbach, O. (2002) Manganvesuvianite and Tweddillite, two new Mn3+-silicate minerals from the Kalahari Manganese fields, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine: 66: 137-150. |
| ⓘ Manjiroite Formula: Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 Localities: Reference: Willy Israel and Clement Smith collections |
| ⓘ Marcasite Formula: FeS2 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Marokite Formula: CaMn3+2O4 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
| ⓘ Meieranite (TL) Formula: Na2Sr3MgSi6O17 Type Locality: Reference: Yang, H., Gu, X., Downs, R.T., Evans, S.H., van Nieuwenhuizen, J.J., Lavinsky, R.M., Xie, X. (2019) Meieranite, Na2Sr3MgSi6O17, a New Mineral from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist: 57(4): 457–466.; Yang, H., Gu, X., Downs, R.T., Evans, S.H., van Nieuwenhuizen, J.J., Lavinsky, R.M. and Xie, X. (2015) Meieranite, IMA 2015- 009. CNMNC Newsletter No. 25, June 2015, page 533. Mineralogical Magazine: 79: 529-535. |
| ⓘ 'Melilite Group' Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7) Localities: Reference: Allsopp, H. L., Kostlin, E. O., Welke, H. J., Burger, A. J., Kroner, A., & Blignault, H. J. (1979). Rb-Sr and U-Pb geochronology of late Precambrian-early Palaeozoic igneous activity in the Richtersveld (South Africa) and southern South West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 82(2), 185-204.
Verwoerd, W. J. (1993). Update on carbonatites of South Africa and Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 96, 75-96. |
| ⓘ 'Mica Group' Localities: Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Millerite Formula: NiS Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Cloete, M., Hart, R. J., Cloete, H. C. C., McDonald, I., & Andreoli, M. A. G. (2001). Inclusions from the Morokweng Impact Melt Sheet, South Africa: Possible Fragments of a Palaeometeorite. Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 36, A41.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423).
Beckett-Brown, C. E., McDonald, A. M., & Zhe, W. (2018). A Crystallographically Oriented Intergrowth of Siegenite (CoNi2S4) and Millerite from the Morokweng Impact Structure, South Africa: Chemistry, Texture, and Origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 56(5), 705-722. |
| ⓘ Minnesotaite Formula: Fe2+3Si4O10(OH)2 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Monazite' Formula: REE(PO4) Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108. |
| ⓘ Monticellite Formula: CaMgSiO4 Localities: Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ Mottramite Formula: PbCu(VO4)(OH) Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 390 (in English) |
ⓘ Mozartite Formula: CaMn3+(SiO4)(OH) Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Reference: Geyer, H. (2008) Biobenefication of Sishen Hematite Iron Ore, using bacterial cultures to remove potassium (Muscovite) and phosphorous (Apatite). Masters thesis, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 Reference: Geyer, H. (2008) Biobenefication of Sishen Hematite Iron Ore, using bacterial cultures to remove potassium (Muscovite) and phosphorous (Apatite). Masters thesis, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa |
| ⓘ Nacrite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Reference: Geyer, H. (2008) Biobenefication of Sishen Hematite Iron Ore, using bacterial cultures to remove potassium (Muscovite) and phosphorous (Apatite). Masters thesis, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa |
| ⓘ Namansilite Formula: NaMn3+Si2O6 Reference: Gu, X., Yang, H., Xie, X., Van Nieuwenhuizen, J., Downs, R., & Evans, S. (2019). Lipuite, a new manganese phyllosilicate mineral from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 83(5), 645-654. doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.12 |
| ⓘ Natrolite Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O Localities: Reference: Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (1993): Recent discoveries from the Wessels mine South Africa. Mineralogocal Record 24 (5): 365-368; Beukes, N. J., Burger, A. M., & Gutzmer, J. (1995). Fault-controlled hydrothermal alteration of Palaeoproterozoic manganese ore in Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese field. South African Journal of Geology, 98(4), 430-451. |
ⓘ Nchwaningite (TL) Formula: Mn2+2(SiO3)(OH)2 · H2O Localities: Type Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Description: Pocket near fault intersection in Section 27 South Reference: Nyfeler, D., Armbruster, T., Dixon, R., Bermanec, V. (1995) Nchwaningite, Mn2+2SiO3(OH)2·H2O, a new pyroxene-related chain silicate from the N'chwaning mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. American Mineralogist: 80: 377-386.; The Mineralogical Record: 27: 203-204. |
| ⓘ Neltnerite Formula: CaMn3+6(SiO4)O8 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Nepheline Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16) Localities: Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ Nontronite Formula: Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O Reference: Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Norrishite Formula: KLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2 Localities: Reference: Gnos E., Armbruster T., Villa I. M., 2003. Norrishite, K(Mn3+2Li)Si4O10(O)2, an oxymica associated with sugilite from the Wessels Mine, South Africa: Crystal chemistry and 39Ar-40Ar dating. Am. Miner., 88: 189-194 |
| ⓘ Nosean Formula: Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ Nsutite Formula: (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 Description: Occurs as a weathering product with cryptomelane in the ore bodies close to the surface. Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: pp 227. |
| ⓘ 'Olivine Group' Formula: M2SiO4 Reference: Kurszlaukis, S., Franz, L. (1997) Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). Geologiya I Geofizika, 38(1), 50-68. |
ⓘ Olmiite (TL) Formula: CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) Localities: Type Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Bonazzi, P., Bindi, L., Medenbach, O., Pagano, R., Lampronti, Menchetti, S. (2007): Olmiite, CaMn[SiO3(OH)](OH), the Mn-dominant analogue of poldervaartite, a new mineral species from Kalahari manganese fields (Republic of South Africa), Mineralogical Magazine, 71, 193-291. |
| ⓘ Omongwaite (TL) Formula: Na2Ca5(SO4)6 · 3H2O Type Locality: Reference: Mees, F., Hatert, F., Rowe, R. (2008) Omongwaite, Na2Ca5(SO4)6.3H2O, a new mineral from recent salt lake deposits, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine: 72: 1209-1220. |
| ⓘ Opal Formula: SiO2 · nH2O Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) pp 289. |
| ⓘ Orientite Formula: Ca8Mn3+10(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Orlymanite (TL) Formula: Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O Localities: Reference: Peacor, D.R., Dunn, P.J., Nelen, J.A. (1990) Orlymanite, Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6·2H2O, a new mineral from South Africa: a link between gyrolite-family and conventional phyllosilicate minerals?. American Mineralogist: 75: 923-927.; Mandarino (1997). |
| ⓘ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf. |
ⓘ Oyelite Formula: Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O Localities: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Parsettensite Formula: (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Pectolite Formula: NaCa2Si3O8(OH) Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Stalhart volcanic field, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa The Geological Society of South Africa
Cairncross, B., Beukes, N., and Gutzmer, J., (1997), The Manganese Adventure, The South African Manganese Fields. Associated Ore & Metal Corporation Limited, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.
Cairncross, B., Beukes, N., and Gutzmer, J., (1997), The Manganese Adventure, The South African Manganese Fields. Associated Ore & Metal Corporation Limited, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa. ; Gnos, E., Armbruster, T., & Villa, I. M. (2003). Norrishite, K (Mn23+ Li) Si4O10 (O) 2, an oxymica associated with sugilite from the Wessels Mine, South Africa: Crystal chemistry and 40Ar-39Ar dating. American Mineralogist, 88(1), 189-194.; Rumsey, M. S., Welch, M. D., Kampf, A. R., & Spratt, J. (2013). Diegogattaite, Na2CaCu2Si8O20· H2O: a new nanoporous copper sheet silicate from Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Republic of South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(8), 3155-3162. |
| ⓘ Pentlandite Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8 Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Perovskite Formula: CaTiO3 Localities: Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Orapa, Letlhakane, Central District, Botswana AK-8 kimberlite pipe, Orapa, Letlhakane, Central District, Botswana Bokiesbank Occurrence, Bokiesbank Ost Farm 79, Karasburg East, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Blue Hills Intrusive Complex, Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Jwaneng Mine (Jwaneng pipe), Kanye, Ngwaketse North District, Southern District, Botswana AK-8 kimberlite pipe, Orapa, Letlhakane, Central District, Botswana Blue Hills Intrusive Complex, Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Piemontite Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Piemontite-(Sr) Formula: {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Localities: Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure), Vryburg, Naledi Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Aukum Farm 104, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108. |
| ⓘ Platinum Formula: Pt Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Poldervaartite (TL) Formula: CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) Localities: Habit: Sprays to 1 cm Colour: White Description: One pocket was discovered Reference: Dai, Y.S., Harlow, G.E., McGhie, A.R. (1993) Poldervaartite, Ca(Ca0.5Mn0.5)(SiO3OH)(OH), a new acid nesosilicate from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa: Crystal structure and description. American Mineralogist: 78: 1082-1087.; von Bezing, L. & Gutzmer, J. (1994): Das Kalahari Manganerzfeld und seine Mineralien (II). Mineralien-Welt, 5(5), 41-59. Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (2001): Seltene Mineralien aus dem Kalahari-Manganerzfeld, Südafrika. Lapis, 26(10), 32-42; Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (2002): Spectacular Minerals from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Rocks & Minerals, 77(2), 94-107. |
| ⓘ Polydymite Formula: Ni2+Ni3+2S4 Reference: Cloete, M., Hart, R. J., Cloete, H. C. C., McDonald, I., & Andreoli, M. A. G. (2001). Inclusions from the Morokweng Impact Melt Sheet, South Africa: Possible Fragments of a Palaeometeorite. Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 36, A41. |
ⓘ Portlandite Formula: Ca(OH)2 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Speziale, S., Reichmann, H. J., Schilling, F. R., Wenk, H. R., & Monteiro, P. J. M. (2008). Determination of the elastic constants of portlandite by Brillouin spectroscopy. Cement and Concrete Research, 38(10), 1148-1153. |
| ⓘ Potassic-mangani-leakeite (TL) Formula: [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 Type Locality: Habit: fine fibers to 0.2mm Colour: dark red to lilac Reference: Schweiz.Min.Petr.Mitt.(1993) 73, 349-355; Gnos, E., Armbruster, T., & Villa, I. M. (2003). Norrishite, K (Mn23+ Li) Si4O10 (O) 2, an oxymica associated with sugilite from the Wessels Mine, South Africa: Crystal chemistry and 40Ar-39Ar dating. American Mineralogist, 88(1), 189-194. |
ⓘ Prehnite Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 Localities: Reference: Mineralogical Record (2001) 32:252 |
| ⓘ 'Psilomelane' Localities: Reference: Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Purpurite ? Formula: Mn3+(PO4) Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 602 pp. (in English) |
ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group' Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup' Formula: A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)' Formula: (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Pyrochroite Formula: Mn(OH)2 Localities: Reference: [MinRec 22:289] |
| ⓘ Pyrolusite Formula: Mn4+O2 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Pyrope Formula: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ Pyrophanite Formula: Mn2+TiO3 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Localities: Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure), Vryburg, Naledi Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Stalhart volcanic field, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia Korra Korrabes meteorite, Gibeon, Hardap Region, Namibia Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423).
Beckett-Brown, C. E., McDonald, A. M., & Zhe, W. (2018). A Crystallographically Oriented Intergrowth of Siegenite (CoNi2S4) and Millerite from the Morokweng Impact Structure, South Africa: Chemistry, Texture, and Origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 56(5), 705-722. |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Localities: Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 36 localities in this region. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302;; Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1994). Effenbergerite BaCu [Si4010], a new mineral from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 58, 663-670.; Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1996). Wesselsite, SrCu [Si4Olo], a further new gillespite-group mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 60, 795-798.; Rumsey, M. S., Welch, M. D., Kampf, A. R., & Spratt, J. (2013). Diegogattaite, Na2CaCu2Si8O20· H2O: a new nanoporous copper sheet silicate from Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Republic of South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(8), 3155-3162. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Jasper Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 383 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Ramsdellite Formula: Mn4+O2 Reference: Wilson, W.E. & Dunn, P.J., (1978) Famous localities: The Kalahari manganese field. Mineralogical Record 9(3) 137-153; Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: pp 237. |
| ⓘ Ranciéite Formula: (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: pp 237. |
| ⓘ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. Habit: Scalenohedrons to 7cm, "wheat sheaf", spherical aggregates, rhombohedrons, fan shaped groups Colour: Wine-red to pale pink Description: Numerous pockets of rhodochrosite crystals were found during the shaft sinking as well as mining with major discoveries in 1976-1978. The largest pocket measured 0.5 by 1.0 meter in size and produced a 100kg specimen. The red scalenohedrons were sold for 4 figure prices during the 1970's and 1980's.
Reference: Wilson and Dunn (1978) Famous Mineral Localities: The Kalahari manganese field. Min Rec 22:137-153; Caircross, Beukes, Gutzmer (1997) The manganese adventure.; Von Bezing, K.L., Dixon, R.D., Pohl, D., Cavallo, G. (1991) The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field: an update. The Mineralogical Record: 22(3): 279-302.; Rocks & Min.: 61:7. |
| ⓘ Rhodonite Formula: CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] Reference: Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (1993): Recent discoveries from the Wessels mine South Africa. Mineralogocal Record 24 (5): 365-368 |
| ⓘ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate' Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 Localities: Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ Richterite Formula: {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
ⓘ Riebeckite Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa, p 238; |
| ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group' Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 Localities: Reference: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10272010-175926/unrestricted/01chapter1-2.pdf |
ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite' Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 Localities: Reference: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10272010-175926/unrestricted/01chapter1-2.pdf |
| ⓘ Robertsite Formula: Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 603 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Romanèchite Formula: (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 Reference: Preston, P. C. C. R. (2009). Physical and chemical characterization of the manganese ore bed at the Mamatwan mine, Kalahari manganese field (Doctoral dissertation).
Harawa, E. T. (2016). Mineralogy and geochemistry of structurally-controlled metasomatic alteration of carbonate-rich manganese ore at Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field (Masters thesis, Department of Geology, Rhodes University). |
| ⓘ Ruizite Formula: Ca2Mn3+2[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Localities: Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108. |
ⓘ Saccoite (TL) Formula: Ca2Mn3+2F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) Type Locality: Reference: Giester, G., Lengauer, C.L., Topa, D., Gutzmer, J., Von Bezing, K.-L. (2019): Saccoite, IMA 2019-056. CNMNC Newsletter No. 52; Mineralogical Magazine: 83; https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.73; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=15946 |
| ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) Formula: YFe3+Nb2O8 Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Sanidine Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ Saponite Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Schizolite Formula: NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) Localities: Colour: Light pink to deep pink Description: Discovered in 2011 at Wessels and N'Chwaning II mines. Reference: Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa; Origlieri, M.J., Downs, R.T and Yang, H. (2013) Marshallsussmanite, IMA 2013-067. CNMNC Newsletter No. 18,December 2013, page 3256; Mineralogical Magazine, 77, 3249-3258 |
| ⓘ Schorl Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Localities: Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 383 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Scorodite Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Scottyite (TL) Formula: BaCu2Si2O7 Type Locality: Reference: http://rruff.info/scottyite; Yang, H., Downs, R.T., Evans, S.H., Pinch, W.W. and Origlieri, M.J. (2012): Scottyite, IMA 2012-027. CNMNC Newsletter No. 14, October 2012, page 1284; Mineralogical Magazine, 76, 1281-1288; Yang, H., Downs, R.T., Evans, S., Pinch, W. (2013): Scottyite, the natural analogue of synthetic BaCu2Si2O7, a new mineral from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 98, 478–484. |
| ⓘ Serandite Formula: NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; |
| ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup' Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 Localities: Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure), Vryburg, Naledi Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa AK-8 kimberlite pipe, Orapa, Letlhakane, Central District, Botswana Gibeon Kimberlite Occurrence, Gibeon, Hardap Region, Namibia Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Shigaite Formula: Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O Localities: N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Habit: Hexagonal, tabular crystals Colour: Pale yellow to burnt orange, brown, and amber-red Description: Crystal size is from less than 1 mm to 3.2 cm across Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University); Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa; Cairncross, B. (2016) Connoisseur's Choice: Shigaite, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa, Rocks & Minerals, 91:2, 150-15 |
| ⓘ 'Sicklerite' Formula: Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 393 (in English) |
| ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 Localities: Reference: Siemes, H. (2013). Microstructure and Crystallographic Preferred Orientation (CPO) of Hematite Ores from the Sishen Mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 116(1), 79-100.; Geyer, H. (2008) Biobenefication of Sishen Hematite Iron Ore, using bacterial cultures to remove potassium (Muscovite) and phosphorous (Apatite). Masters thesis, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa |
| ⓘ Siegenite Formula: CoNi2S4 Reference: Beckett-Brown, C. E., McDonald, A. M., & Zhe, W. (2018). A Crystallographically Oriented Intergrowth of Siegenite (CoNi2S4) and Millerite from the Morokweng Impact Structure, South Africa: Chemistry, Texture, and Origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 56(5), 705-722. |
| ⓘ Sillimanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Localities: Reference: Moore, J. M., Waters, D. J., & Niven, M. L. (1990). Werdingite, a new borosilicate mineral from the granulite facies of the western Namaqualand metamorphic complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 75(3-4), 415-420. |
| ⓘ Silver Formula: Ag Reference: Cox, D.P., Lindsey, D.A., Singer, D.A., Moring, B.C., and Diggles, M.F. (2003): USGS Open-File Report 03-107 |
| ⓘ Sodalite Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl Reference: Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194 |
| ⓘ 'Sodic amphibole' Reference: Verwoerd, W. J. (1993). Update on carbonatites of South Africa and Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 96, 75-96. |
| ⓘ Sogdianite Formula: KZr2Li3Si12O30 Reference: Michael O’Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006), p. 454 |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Areachap, //Khara Hais, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Oamities Mine, Oamities, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia Habit: Botryoidal Colour: Olive green Description: When found was as micromounts except for a handful of specimens collected in the late 1980s coating calcite, up to 2mm thick in layers. In 2011 a few more specimens are known to have been collected, identical to those found earlier, it would seem the pocket has been re-opened. Reference: Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa, pp 324 |
| ⓘ Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 Reference: Field, M., Stiefenhofer, J., Robey, J., and Kurszlaukis, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 33-75. |
| ⓘ Strontianite Formula: SrCO3 Localities: Reference: Gnos, E., Armbruster, T., & Villa, I. M. (2003). Norrishite, K (Mn23+ Li) Si4O10 (O) 2, an oxymica associated with sugilite from the Wessels Mine, South Africa: Crystal chemistry and 40Ar-39Ar dating. American Mineralogist, 88(1), 189-194. |
ⓘ Strontioruizite (TL) Formula: Sr2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O Type Locality: Reference: Yang, H., Gu, X., Cairncross, B., Downs, R.T., Evans, S.H. (2021) Taniajacoite and strontioruizite, two new minerals isostructural with ruizite from the N'Chwaning III Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist: 59: 431-444.; Yang, H., Cairncross, B., Gu, X., Yong, T. and Downs, R.T. (2017) Strontioruizite, IMA 2017-045. CNMNC Newsletter No. 39, October 2017, page 1280. Mineralogical Magazine: 81: 1279–1286. |
ⓘ Sturmanite ? (TL) Formula: Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O Localities: Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa ? (more information) Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Description: Although this locality is the type locality for the mineral, it is believed that the actual type locality is the Wessels mine due to an error in labeling the type specimen. No subsequent specimens containing sturmanite or other minerals on the type specimen have been found since, similar material from Wessels was found from 5 pockets in the years 1978-1982. Reference: PEACOR, D.R., DUNN, P.J. & DUGGAN, M. (1983): Sturmanite, a ferric iron, boron analogue of ettringite. Canadian Mineralogist 21, 705-709.
HOCHLEITNER, R. (1986): Sturmanit und Ettringit aus den Kalahari-Manganfeldern. Lapis, Jg. 10, Nr. 10, 19-24.
VON BENZIG, K.L., DIXON, R.D., POHL, D. & CAVALLO, G. (1991): The Kalahari manganese field: An update. Mineralogical Record 22, 292-293.
Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa, 60-66 and 244-245.
|
| ⓘ Sugilite Formula: KNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O30 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Bruce mine, Kathu, Gamagara, John Taolo Gaetsewe, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Description: Crystals to 20 mm although better crystals to 3mm Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Gait, R., & Williams, M. P. (1980). Sugilite, a Second Occurrence: Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Republic of South Africa. Canadian Mineralogist, 18, 37-39.; Gnos, E., Armbruster, T., & Villa, I. M. (2003). Norrishite, K (Mn23+ Li) Si4O10 (O) 2, an oxymica associated with sugilite from the Wessels Mine, South Africa: Crystal chemistry and 40Ar-39Ar dating. American Mineralogist, 88(1), 189-194.; Shigley, J. E., Koivula, J. I., & Fryer, C. W. (1987). The occurrence and gemological properties of Wessels Mine sugilite. Gems & gemology, 78-89.; Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1996). Wesselsite, SrCu [Si4Olo], a further new gillespite-group mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 60, 795-798.; Rumsey, M. S., Welch, M. D., Kampf, A. R., & Spratt, J. (2013). Diegogattaite, Na2CaCu2Si8O20· H2O: a new nanoporous copper sheet silicate from Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Republic of South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(8), 3155-3162. |
| ⓘ Sulphur Formula: S8 Localities: Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 392 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Sussexite Formula: Mn2+BO2(OH) Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Taenite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Reference: Mulford, R. N., & El-Dasher, B. (2010). Mechanical properties of several Fe-Ni meteorites (No. LA-UR-10-07276; LA-UR-10-7276). Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).; Michael J. Frost (1967) Oriented Lamellae in the Gibeon Meteorite. Mineralogical Magazine 36:607-612.; Petaev, M. I., & Marvin, U. B. (1997, March). Mineralogy and origin of brassy, sulfide-rich masses in the Gibeon IVA iron. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 28, p. 1093). |
| ⓘ Taikanite Formula: Sr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2 Reference: Armbruster, T., Oberhänsli, R., Kunz, M. (1993). Taikanite, BaSr2Mn3+2O2(Si4O12), from the Wessels mine, South Africa: a chain silicate related to synthetic Ca3Mn23+O2[Si4O12]. American Mineralogist, 78, 1088-1095; Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Localities: Reference: Preston, P. C. C. R. (2009). Physical and chemical characterization of the manganese ore bed at the Mamatwan mine, Kalahari manganese field (Doctoral dissertation). |
| ⓘ Talnakhite ? Formula: Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 Reference: Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
ⓘ Taniajacoite (TL) Formula: SrCaMn3+2Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O Type Locality: Reference: Yang, H., Gu, X., Cairncross, B., Downs, R.T. and Evans, S.H. (2021) Taniajacoite and strontioruizite, two new minerals isostructural with ruizite from the N'Chwaning III Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist: 59: 431-444.; Yang, H., Gu, X., Downs, R.T. and Xie, X. (2015) Taniajacoite, IMA 2014-107. CNMNC Newsletter No. 25, June 2015, page 531. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 529-535.;
Gu, X., Yang, H., Xie, X., Van Nieuwenhuizen, J., Downs, R., & Evans, S. (2019). Lipuite, a new manganese phyllosilicate mineral from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 83(5), 645-654. doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.12 |
| ⓘ Tephroite Formula: Mn2+2SiO4 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Tetraferriannite Formula: KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 Reference: No reference listed |
| ⓘ Thaumasite Formula: Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O Localities: Description: Crystals to 5cm. Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca Formula: NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O Habit: Thin, rectangular blades stacked together in spherical groups Reference: Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (1993): Recent discoveries from the Wessels mine South Africa. Mineralogocal Record 24 (5): 365-368; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University).; |
| ⓘ Thorite Formula: Th(SiO4) Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Tobermorite Formula: Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) Reference: Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (1993): Recent discoveries from the Wessels mine South Africa. Mineralogocal Record 24 (5): 365-368; Merlino, S., Bonaccorsi, E., & Armbruster, T. (2001). The real structure of tobermorite 11Å normal and anomalous forms, OD character and polytypic modifications. European Journal of Mineralogy, 13(3), 577-590.; Biagioni, C., Bonaccorsi, E., Lezzerini, M., Merlini, M., & Merlino, S. (2012). Thermal behaviour of tobermorite from N’Chwaning II mine (Kalahari Manganese Field, Republic of South Africa). I. Thermo-gravimetric and X-ray diffraction studies. European Journal of Mineralogy, 24(6), 981-989.; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Todorokite Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Description: Fibers to 15 cm. Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa pg 249 |
| ⓘ Topaz Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 Description: Crystals to 1 meter Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Torbernite Formula: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Trevorite Formula: Ni2+Fe3+2O4 Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Tridymite Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Triphylite Formula: LiFe2+PO4 Localities: Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 383 pp. (in English) |
| ⓘ Triplite Formula: Mn2+2(PO4)F Reference: Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 393 (in English) |
| ⓘ Troilite Formula: FeS Localities: Reference: Ashwal, L. D. (2001) Korra Korrabes: A new, large H3 chondrite breccia from Namibia: Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36 (8),1027-1038. (Aug 2001). |
| ⓘ Tweddillite (TL) Formula: {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Type Locality: Reference: Mineralogical Magazine(2002) 66, 137-150; Lapis 2002(11), 43 |
| ⓘ Ulvöspinel Formula: TiFe2O4 Reference: Anashkin, S., Bovkun, A., Bindi, L., Garanin, V., & Litvin, Y. (2013). Kudryavtsevaite, Na3MgFe3+ Ti4O12, a new kimberlitic mineral. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(3), 327-334. |
| ✪ Uraninite Formula: UO2 Locality: Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Description: Crystals to 20 cm Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Vaterite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
ⓘ Vesuvianite Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 Localities: Reference: Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University).; |
| ⓘ Vonbezingite (TL) Formula: Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2O Type Locality: Habit: elongated monoclinic crystals to 1.5 cm. Description: No more than 50 specimens where collected from this single pocket, in association with Sturmanite, Calcite, Baryte, Bultfonteinite, Brucite & Vesuvianite. Azurite occurs as tiny inclusions in Vonbezingite. Reference: Amer.Min.(1992) 77, 1292-1300
Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa 251. |
| ⓘ Vuagnatite Formula: CaAl(SiO4)(OH) Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ 'Wad' Reference: Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| ⓘ Werdingite (TL) Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37 Type Locality: Description: In a gneiss Reference: Moore, J. M., Waters, D. J., & Niven, M. L. (1990). Werdingite, a new borosilicate mineral from the granulite facies of the western Namaqualand metamorphic complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 75(3-4), 415-420. |
| ⓘ Wesselsite (TL) Formula: SrCuSi4O10 Type Locality: Reference: Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1996). Wesselsite, SrCu [Si4Olo], a further new gillespite-group mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 60, 795-798.; Rumsey, M. S., Welch, M. D., Kampf, A. R., & Spratt, J. (2013). Diegogattaite, Na2CaCu2Si8O20· H2O: a new nanoporous copper sheet silicate from Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Republic of South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(8), 3155-3162. |
| ⓘ Willemseite Formula: Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6055.pdf.; Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423). |
| ⓘ Witherite Formula: BaCO3 Reference: John M. Moore, Barbara K. Kuhn, Darren F. Mark, and Harilaos Tsikos (2011): A sugilite-bearing assemblage from the Wolhaarkop breccia, Bruce iron-ore mine, South Africa: Evidence for alkali metasomatism and 40Ar-39Ar dating. Eur. J. Mineral. 23, 661-673.; Moore, J.M., Kuhn, B., Mark, D.F., Tsikos, H. (2011): A sugilite-bearing assemblage from the Wolhaarkop breccia, Bruce iron-ore mine, South Africa: Evidence for alkali metasomatism and 40Ar-39Ar dating. European Journal of Mineralogy: 23: 661-673; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=7909 (2016) |
| ⓘ Wollastonite Formula: Ca3(Si3O9) Description: XRD carried out by Jens Gutzmer, University of Johannesburg (pc B. Cairncross to D. Woolf) Reference: Von Bezing, K.L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: an update. Mineralogical Record: 22(4): pg 296 |
| ⓘ Xonotlite Formula: Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 Localities: Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1996). Wesselsite, SrCu [Si4Olo], a further new gillespite-group mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 60, 795-798. |
| ⓘ Yuzuxiangite (TL) Formula: Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O Type Locality: Reference: Gu, X., Yang, H., Xie, X. (2021) Yuzuxiangite, IMA 2020-084. CNMNC Newsletter 60; Mineralogical Magazine: 85, https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.30 |
| ⓘ 'Zeolite Group' Locality: Brukkaros Complex, Berseba Townlands Farm 426, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Reference: Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO;2
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., & Harmer, R. E. (1990). Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127(5), 427-433. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680001517X
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6. |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Localities: Baviaanskrantz pegmatite, Kakamas, Kai !Garib, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Japie pegmatite, Bokvasmaak, Kakamas, Kai !Garib, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Bremen Occurrence, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia Bok se Puts Farm (Bokseputs farm), Gordonia District, ZF Mgcawu, Northern Cape, South Africa Reference: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| ⓘ Zoisite Formula: Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) Reference: No reference listed |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| ⓘ | Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| ⓘ | Diamond | 1.CB.10a | C |
| ⓘ | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| ⓘ | Graphite | 1.CB.05a | C |
| ⓘ | Iron | 1.AE.05 | Fe |
| ⓘ | var. Kamacite | 1.AE.05 | (Fe,Ni) |
| ⓘ | 'Manganese' | 1.AE.30 | Mn |
| ⓘ | Platinum | 1.AF.10 | Pt |
| ⓘ | Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| ⓘ | Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| ⓘ | Taenite | 1.AE.10 | (Fe,Ni) |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Brezinaite | 2.DA.15 | Cr3S4 |
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Cinnabar | 2.CD.15a | HgS |
| ⓘ | Cooperite | 2.CC.35b | PtS |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Daubréelite | 2.DA.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2S4 |
| ⓘ | Digenite | 2.BA.10 | Cu9S5 |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Millerite | 2.CC.20 | NiS |
| ⓘ | Pentlandite | 2.BB.15 | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| ⓘ | Polydymite | 2.DA.05 | Ni2+Ni3+2S4 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Siegenite | 2.DA.05 | CoNi2S4 |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Talnakhite ? | 2.CB.10b | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| ⓘ | Troilite | 2.CC.10 | FeS |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Creedite | 3.CG.15 | Ca3SO4Al2F8(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Baddeleyite | 4.DE.35 | ZrO2 |
| ⓘ | Becquerelite | 4.GB.10 | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Birnessite | 4.FL.45 | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| ⓘ | Bismite | 4.CB.60 | Bi2O3 |
| ⓘ | Bixbyite-(Mn) | 4.CB.10 | Mn3+2O3 |
| ⓘ | Brannerite | 4.DH.05 | UTi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Brookite | 4.DD.10 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Brucite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bunsenite | 4.AB.25 | NiO |
| ⓘ | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
| ⓘ | Cerianite-(Ce) | 4.DL.05 | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| ⓘ | Chalcophanite | 4.FL.20 | ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Corundum | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | Cryptomelane | 4.DK.05a | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| ⓘ | Diaspore | 4.FD.10 | AlO(OH) |
| ⓘ | var. Mangan-diaspore | 4.FD.10 | AlO(OH) |
| ⓘ | Eskolaite | 4.CB.05 | Cr2O3 |
| ⓘ | Euxenite-(Y) | 4.DG.05 | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| ⓘ | Feitknechtite | 4.FE.25 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Freudenbergite | 4.CC.10 | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Groutite | 4.FD.10 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Hausmannite | 4.BB.10 | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Hercynite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hollandite | 4.DK.05a | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | var. Picroilmenite | 4.CB.05 | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Jacobsite | 4.BB.05 | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Kudryavtsevaite (TL) | 4.BC.25 | Na3(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Ti)2Ti3O12 |
| ⓘ | Lepidocrocite | 4.FE.15 | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Lithiophorite | 4.FE.25 | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Maghemite | 4.BB.15 | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Manganite | 4.FD.15 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Manjiroite | 4.DK.05a | Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| ⓘ | Marokite | 4.BC.05 | CaMn3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Nsutite | 4.DB.15c | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Perovskite | 4.CC.30 | CaTiO3 |
| ⓘ | Portlandite | 4.FE.05 | Ca(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Group' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| ⓘ | Pyrochroite | 4.FE.05 | Mn(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrophanite | 4.CB.05 | Mn2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Amethyst | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Chalcedony | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Jasper | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Rose Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Ramsdellite | 4.DB.15a | Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ | Ranciéite | 4.FL.40 | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| ⓘ | Romanèchite | 4.DK.10 | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Samarskite-(Y) | 4.DB.25 | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | Todorokite | 4.DK.10 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| ⓘ | Trevorite | 4.BB.05 | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Tridymite | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Ulvöspinel | 4.BB.05 | TiFe2O4 |
| ⓘ | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Ankerite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | var. Iceland Spar | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | 5.AB.05 | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Hydrotalcite | 5.DA.50 | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Kutnohorite | 5.AB.10 | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | MgCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Strontianite | 5.AB.15 | SrCO3 |
| ⓘ | Vaterite | 5.AB.20 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Witherite | 5.AB.15 | BaCO3 |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| ⓘ | Gaudefroyite | 6.AB.60 | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| ⓘ | Gowerite | 6.EC.10 | Ca[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3] · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Sussexite | 6.BA.15 | Mn2+BO2(OH) |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Alunite | 7.BC.10 | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Celestine | 7.AD.35 | SrSO4 |
| ⓘ | Charlesite ? | 7.DG.15 | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| ⓘ | Despujolsite | 7.DF.25 | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Ettringite | 7.DG.15 | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| ⓘ | Fergusonite-(Y) | 7.GA.05 | YNbO4 |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Jouravskite | 7.DG.15 | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Kalistrontite | 7.AD.40 | K2Sr(SO4)2 |
| ⓘ | Omongwaite (TL) | 7.CD.65 | Na2Ca5(SO4)6 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Saccoite (TL) | 7.BC.65 | Ca2Mn3+2F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) |
| ⓘ | Shigaite | 7.DD.35 | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Sturmanite ? (TL) | 7.DG.15 | Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| ⓘ | Thaumasite | 7.DG.15 | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Vonbezingite (TL) | 7.DD.65 | Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Autunite | 8.EB.05 | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| ⓘ | Brandtite | 8.CG.10 | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Ferrisicklerite' | 8.AB.10 | Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4 |
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ | Gatehouseite | 8.BD.10 | Mn2+5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Heterosite | 8.AB.10 | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| ⓘ | Hureaulite | 8.CB.10 | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Mottramite | 8.BH.40 | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Purpurite ? | 8.AB.10 | Mn3+(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Robertsite | 8.DH.30 | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Scorodite | 8.CD.10 | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Sicklerite' | 8.AB.10 | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 |
| ⓘ | Torbernite | 8.EB.05 | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Triphylite | 8.AB.10 | LiFe2+PO4 |
| ⓘ | Triplite | 8.BB.10 | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Aegirine | 9.DA.25 | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aegirine-augite | 9.DA.20 | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Afwillite | 9.AG.75 | Ca3(HSiO4)2 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Cleavelandite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Oligoclase | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 9.BG.05b | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Alleghanyite | 9.AF.45 | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Aluminosugilite | 9.CM.9.CM. | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| ⓘ | Amesite | 9.ED.15 | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Andalusite | 9.AF.10 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | var. Hydroandradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| ⓘ | Arfvedsonite | 9.DE.25 | [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Armbrusterite | 9.EG.65 | K5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Banalsite | 9.FA.60 | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| ⓘ | Bementite | 9.EE.05 | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Braunite | 9.AG.05 | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Braunite-II' (TL) | 9.AG.05 | CaMn3+14(SiO4)O20 |
| ⓘ | Bultfonteinite | 9.AG.80 | Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O |
| ⓘ | Bustamite | 9.DG.05 | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| ⓘ | Cairncrossite (TL) | 9.EE. | Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x |
| ⓘ | Caryopilite | 9.ED.15 | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Chamosite | 9.EC.55 | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| ⓘ | Chloritoid | 9.AF.85 | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| ⓘ | Chrysotile | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | 'Clinochrysotile' | 9.ED. | |
| ⓘ | Clinoenstatite | 9.DA.10 | MgSiO3 |
| ⓘ | Clinotobermorite | 9.DG.10 | [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Colinowensite (TL) | 9.C0. | BaCuSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| ⓘ | 'Crossite' | 9.DE.20 | |
| ⓘ | Cymrite | 9.EG.05 | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Cyprine (TL) | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| ⓘ | Datolite | 9.AJ.20 | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Davemaoite (TL) | 9.H0. | CaSiO3 |
| ⓘ | Diegogattaite (TL) | 9.EA.50 | Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | 9.DA.15 | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Dumortierite | 9.AJ.10 | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| ⓘ | Effenbergerite (TL) | 9.EA.05 | BaCuSi4O10 |
| ⓘ | Enstatite | 9.DA.05 | Mg2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Ephesite | 9.EC.20 | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Ferrobustamite | 9.DG.05 | CaFe2+(Si2O6) |
| ⓘ | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Foshagite | 9.DG.15 | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Friedelite | 9.EE.10 | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| ⓘ | Gadolinite-(Y) | 9.AJ.20 | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| ⓘ | Gageite | 9.DH.35 | Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 |
| ⓘ | 'Gageite-2M' | 9.DH. | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| ⓘ | Glaucochroite | 9.AC.05 | CaMn2+SiO4 |
| ⓘ | 'Glauconite' | 9.EC. | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Gonyerite | 9.EC.55 | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Grandidierite | 9.AJ.05 | (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 |
| ⓘ | Greenalite | 9.ED.15 | (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Grossular | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | var. Hibschite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| ⓘ | Grunerite | 9.DE.05 | ◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Guidottiite (TL) | 9.ED.15 | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Hemimorphite | 9.BD.10 | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Hennomartinite (TL) | 9.BE.05 | SrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Henritermierite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Mn3+2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| ⓘ | Holtstamite (TL) | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| ⓘ | Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | 9.EA.15 | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) (TL) | 9.EA. | KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Inesite | 9.DL.05 | Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Jennite | 9.DG.20 | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Johannsenite | 9.DA.15 | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Kaersutite | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| ⓘ | Kalsilite | 9.FA.05 | KAlSiO4 |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Kenotobermorite (TL) | 9.DG.12 | Ca4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Kentrolite | 9.BE.80 | Pb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2 |
| ⓘ | Kirschsteinite | 9.AC.05 | CaFe2+SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Kornerupine | 9.BJ.50 | Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH) |
| ⓘ | Kyanite | 9.AF.15 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Lavinskyite (TL) | 9.DD.05 | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Leucophoenicite | 9.AF.60 | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Liebenbergite | 9.AC.05 | Ni2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Lipuite (TL) | 9.EJ.15 | KNa8Mn3+5 Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Lizardite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Magnesio-arfvedsonite | 9.DE.25 | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Manganvesuvianite (TL) | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| ⓘ | Meieranite (TL) | 9.DO.15 | Na2Sr3MgSi6O17 |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Amazonite | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Minnesotaite | 9.EC.05 | Fe2+3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Monticellite | 9.AC.10 | CaMgSiO4 |
| ⓘ | Mozartite | 9.AG.60 | CaMn3+(SiO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Illite | 9.EC.15 | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Nacrite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Namansilite | 9.DA.25 | NaMn3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Natrolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Nchwaningite (TL) | 9.DB.30 | Mn2+2(SiO3)(OH)2 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Neltnerite | 9.AG.05 | CaMn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| ⓘ | Nepheline | 9.FA.05 | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| ⓘ | Nontronite | 9.EC.40 | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Norrishite | 9.EC.20 | KLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2 |
| ⓘ | Nosean | 9.FB.10 | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Olmiite (TL) | 9.AF.90 | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| ⓘ | Orientite | 9.BJ.05 | Ca8Mn3+10(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Orlymanite (TL) | 9.EE.30 | Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Oyelite | 9.HA.80 | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| ⓘ | Parsettensite | 9.EG.40 | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Pectolite | 9.DG.05 | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Piemontite | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Piemontite-(Sr) | 9.BG.05 | {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Poldervaartite (TL) | 9.AF.90 | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| ⓘ | Potassic-mangani-leakeite (TL) | 9.DE.25 | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrope | 9.AD.25 | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Rhodonite | 9.DK.05 | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| ⓘ | Richterite | 9.DE.20 | {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Riebeckite | 9.DE.25 | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Ruizite | 9.BJ.35 | Ca2Mn3+2[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Sanidine | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Saponite | 9.EC.45 | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Schizolite | 9.DG.05 | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Scottyite (TL) | 9.BC.40 | BaCu2Si2O7 |
| ⓘ | Serandite | 9.DG.05 | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) |
| ⓘ | Sillimanite | 9.AF.05 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Sodalite | 9.FB.10 | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| ⓘ | Sogdianite | 9.CM.05 | KZr2Li3Si12O30 |
| ⓘ | Strontioruizite (TL) | 9.BJ.35 | Sr2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Sugilite | 9.CM.05 | KNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O30 |
| ⓘ | Taikanite | 9.DH.25 | Sr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2 |
| ⓘ | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Taniajacoite (TL) | 9.BJ.35 | SrCaMn3+2Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Tephroite | 9.AC.05 | Mn2+2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Tetraferriannite | 9.EC.20 | KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Thomsonite-Ca | 9.GA.10 | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Thorite | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Tobermorite | 9.DG.10 | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| ⓘ | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Tweddillite (TL) | 9.BG.05 | {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Vesuvianite | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| ⓘ | Vuagnatite | 9.AG.60 | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Werdingite (TL) | 9.BD.35 | (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37 |
| ⓘ | Wesselsite (TL) | 9.EA.05 | SrCuSi4O10 |
| ⓘ | Willemseite | 9.EC.05 | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Wollastonite | 9.DG.05 | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| ⓘ | Xonotlite | 9.DG.35 | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Yuzuxiangite (TL) | 9.DH. | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Zeolite Group' | 9.G0. | |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Zoisite | 9.BG.10 | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Åkermanite | 9.BB.10 | Ca2Mg[Si2O7] |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Alkali Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Alkali pyroxene' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Apophyllite Group' | - | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Bloodstone' | - | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Clinoptilolite' | - | M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-Tantalite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Copper Stain' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fergusonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Ferro-akermanite' | - | Ca2FeSi2O7 |
| ⓘ | 'Gadolinite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Glass' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Kenotobermorite-4O' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Labuntsovite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Lepidolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Manganese Oxides' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Manganomelane' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Melilite Group' | - | Ca2M(XSiO7) |
| ⓘ | 'Mica Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Olivine Group' | - | M2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Psilomelane' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Supergroup' | - | A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ | 'var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)' | - | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Rhombohedral Carbonate' | - | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| ⓘ | 'Riebeckite Root Name Group' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'var. Crocidolite' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Serpentine Subgroup' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| ⓘ | 'Sodic amphibole' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Wad' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Orlymanite | Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hennomartinite | SrMn23+(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn23+Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Vonbezingite | Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Tweddillite | {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Holtstamite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| H | ⓘ Lavinskyite | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Cairncrossite | Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x |
| H | ⓘ Diegogattaite | Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| H | ⓘ Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) | KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Nchwaningite | Mn22+(SiO3)(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| H | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Guidottiite | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Kenotobermorite | Ca4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) |
| H | ⓘ Omongwaite | Na2Ca5(SO4)6 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6Fe23+(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| H | ⓘ Afwillite | Ca3(HSiO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Inesite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| H | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| H | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Gageite | Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 |
| H | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Gatehouseite | Mn52+(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Tobermorite | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| H | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Bultfonteinite | Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| H | ⓘ Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Henritermierite | Ca3Mn23+(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| H | ⓘ Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Leucophoenicite | Mn72+(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Richterite | {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Ruizite | Ca2Mn23+[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Serandite | NaMn22+Si3O8(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| H | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Tetraferriannite | KFe32+(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| H | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Orientite | Ca8Mn103+(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Grossular var. Hibschite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| H | ⓘ Andradite var. Hydroandradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| H | ⓘ Minnesotaite | Fe32+Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Mozartite | CaMn3+(SiO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Piemontite-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gowerite | Ca[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3] · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Vuagnatite | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Diaspore var. Mangan-diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Feitknechtite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Clinotobermorite | [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Apophyllite Group | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Creedite | Ca3SO4Al2F8(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Sussexite | Mn2+BO2(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| H | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Armbrusterite | K5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Greenalite | (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Grunerite | ◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gageite-2M | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Clinoptilolite | M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| H | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Robertsite | Ca2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Amesite | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Nsutite | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Kornerupine | Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn23+Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Li | ⓘ Lavinskyite | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| Li | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Li | ⓘ Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Li | ⓘ Norrishite | KLiMn23+(Si4O10)O2 |
| Li | ⓘ Sogdianite | KZr2Li3Si12O30 |
| Li | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| Li | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| Li | ⓘ Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4 |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Werdingite | (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37 |
| B | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6Fe23+(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| B | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| B | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Gowerite | Ca[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3] · 3H2O |
| B | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| B | ⓘ Sussexite | Mn2+BO2(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Dumortierite | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| B | ⓘ Kornerupine | Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Grandidierite | (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 |
| B | ⓘ Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Diamond | C |
| C | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| C | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Vaterite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| C | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| C | ⓘ Graphite | C |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Witherite | BaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite var. Iceland Spar | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Orlymanite | Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Effenbergerite | BaCuSi4O10 |
| O | ⓘ Hennomartinite | SrMn23+(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn23+Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Vonbezingite | Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tweddillite | {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Wesselsite | SrCuSi4O10 |
| O | ⓘ Holtstamite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| O | ⓘ Lavinskyite | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Scottyite | BaCu2Si2O7 |
| O | ⓘ Colinowensite | BaCuSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Cairncrossite | Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x |
| O | ⓘ Diegogattaite | Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Meieranite | Na2Sr3MgSi6O17 |
| O | ⓘ Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| O | ⓘ Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) | KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Nchwaningite | Mn22+(SiO3)(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| O | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Guidottiite | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Kenotobermorite | Ca4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) |
| O | ⓘ Kudryavtsevaite | Na3(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Ti)2Ti3O12 |
| O | ⓘ Davemaoite | CaSiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Omongwaite | Na2Ca5(SO4)6 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Braunite-II | CaMn143+(SiO4)O20 |
| O | ⓘ Werdingite | (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37 |
| O | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6Fe23+(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| O | ⓘ Afwillite | Ca3(HSiO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Inesite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| O | ⓘ Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| O | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| O | ⓘ Gageite | Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 |
| O | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Gatehouseite | Mn52+(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| O | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| O | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tobermorite | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| O | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| O | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Åkermanite | Ca2Mg[Si2O7] |
| O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Bultfonteinite | Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) |
| O | ⓘ Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| O | ⓘ Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Henritermierite | Ca3Mn23+(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| O | ⓘ Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Kentrolite | Pb2Mn23+(Si2O7)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Leucophoenicite | Mn72+(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Marokite | CaMn23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Richterite | {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Ruizite | Ca2Mn23+[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Serandite | NaMn22+Si3O8(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Tephroite | Mn22+SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| O | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Tetraferriannite | KFe32+(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Norrishite | KLiMn23+(Si4O10)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Vaterite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| O | ⓘ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Ferro-akermanite | Ca2FeSi2O7 |
| O | ⓘ Orientite | Ca8Mn103+(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Grossular var. Hibschite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| O | ⓘ Andradite var. Hydroandradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| O | ⓘ Minnesotaite | Fe32+Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Mozartite | CaMn3+(SiO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Neltnerite | CaMn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| O | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Piemontite-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Taikanite | Sr3BaMn22+(Si4O12)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Gowerite | Ca[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3] · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Vuagnatite | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn23+O3 |
| O | ⓘ Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Sogdianite | KZr2Li3Si12O30 |
| O | ⓘ Diaspore var. Mangan-diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Feitknechtite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| O | ⓘ Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Clinotobermorite | [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Manjiroite | Na(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| O | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Apophyllite Group | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Creedite | Ca3SO4Al2F8(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Sussexite | Mn2+BO2(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Bunsenite | NiO |
| O | ⓘ Trevorite | Ni2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Baddeleyite | ZrO2 |
| O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tridymite | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| O | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| O | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| O | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Brookite | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Armbrusterite | K5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Witherite | BaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Greenalite | (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Grunerite | ◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| O | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Brannerite | UTi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Bloodstone | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Gageite-2M | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| O | ⓘ Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Clinoptilolite | M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| O | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| O | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Ulvöspinel | TiFe2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Kalsilite | KAlSiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| O | ⓘ Kalistrontite | K2Sr(SO4)2 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite var. Iceland Spar | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Eskolaite | Cr2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| O | ⓘ Melilite Group | Ca2M(XSiO7) |
| O | ⓘ Dumortierite | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| O | ⓘ Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Robertsite | Ca2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| O | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Amesite | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Ramsdellite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hollandite | Ba(Mn64+Mn23+)O16 |
| O | ⓘ Nsutite | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Kornerupine | Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Grandidierite | (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| O | ⓘ Olivine Group | M2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| O | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) |
| F | ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
| F | ⓘ Bultfonteinite | Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | ⓘ Creedite | Ca3SO4Al2F8(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| F | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn23+Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Cairncrossite | Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x |
| Na | ⓘ Diegogattaite | Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Meieranite | Na2Sr3MgSi6O17 |
| Na | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Kudryavtsevaite | Na3(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Ti)2Ti3O12 |
| Na | ⓘ Omongwaite | Na2Ca5(SO4)6 · 3H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Na | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Richterite | {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Serandite | NaMn22+Si3O8(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| Na | ⓘ Manjiroite | Na(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| Na | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Na | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Na | ⓘ Armbrusterite | K5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| Na | ⓘ Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| Na | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Na | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn23+Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Meieranite | Na2Sr3MgSi6O17 |
| Mg | ⓘ Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| Mg | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Mg | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Kudryavtsevaite | Na3(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Ti)2Ti3O12 |
| Mg | ⓘ Werdingite | (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37 |
| Mg | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Åkermanite | Ca2Mg[Si2O7] |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Richterite | {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Mg | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Gageite-2M | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Amesite | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Kornerupine | Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH) |
| Mg | ⓘ Grandidierite | (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Tweddillite | {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Holtstamite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| Al | ⓘ Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| Al | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Al | ⓘ Werdingite | (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37 |
| Al | ⓘ Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular var. Hibschite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| Al | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Piemontite-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Vuagnatite | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Diaspore var. Mangan-diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| Al | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Creedite | Ca3SO4Al2F8(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinoptilolite | M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Kalsilite | KAlSiO4 |
| Al | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Al | ⓘ Dumortierite | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| Al | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Amesite | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Kornerupine | Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Grandidierite | (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 |
| Al | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Orlymanite | Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Effenbergerite | BaCuSi4O10 |
| Si | ⓘ Hennomartinite | SrMn23+(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn23+Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Tweddillite | {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Wesselsite | SrCuSi4O10 |
| Si | ⓘ Holtstamite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| Si | ⓘ Lavinskyite | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Scottyite | BaCu2Si2O7 |
| Si | ⓘ Colinowensite | BaCuSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Cairncrossite | Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x |
| Si | ⓘ Diegogattaite | Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Meieranite | Na2Sr3MgSi6O17 |
| Si | ⓘ Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| Si | ⓘ Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) | KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Nchwaningite | Mn22+(SiO3)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Si | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Guidottiite | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Kenotobermorite | Ca4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2 · 3H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Davemaoite | CaSiO3 |
| Si | ⓘ Braunite-II | CaMn143+(SiO4)O20 |
| Si | ⓘ Werdingite | (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37 |
| Si | ⓘ Afwillite | Ca3(HSiO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Inesite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Si | ⓘ Gageite | Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 |
| Si | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Si | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Tobermorite | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| Si | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| Si | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Åkermanite | Ca2Mg[Si2O7] |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Bultfonteinite | Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) |
| Si | ⓘ Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| Si | ⓘ Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Henritermierite | Ca3Mn23+(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| Si | ⓘ Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Kentrolite | Pb2Mn23+(Si2O7)O2 |
| Si | ⓘ Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Leucophoenicite | Mn72+(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Richterite | {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Ruizite | Ca2Mn23+[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Serandite | NaMn22+Si3O8(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Tephroite | Mn22+SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Tetraferriannite | KFe32+(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Norrishite | KLiMn23+(Si4O10)O2 |
| Si | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Ferro-akermanite | Ca2FeSi2O7 |
| Si | ⓘ Orientite | Ca8Mn103+(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular var. Hibschite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite var. Hydroandradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| Si | ⓘ Minnesotaite | Fe32+Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Mozartite | CaMn3+(SiO4)(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Neltnerite | CaMn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Piemontite-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Taikanite | Sr3BaMn22+(Si4O12)O2 |
| Si | ⓘ Vuagnatite | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Sogdianite | KZr2Li3Si12O30 |
| Si | ⓘ Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| Si | ⓘ Clinotobermorite | [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Apophyllite Group | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Tridymite | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Armbrusterite | K5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Greenalite | (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Grunerite | ◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Bloodstone | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Gageite-2M | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| Si | ⓘ Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinoptilolite | M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Kalsilite | KAlSiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
| Si | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Si | ⓘ Melilite Group | Ca2M(XSiO7) |
| Si | ⓘ Dumortierite | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| Si | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Amesite | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Kornerupine | Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Grandidierite | (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 |
| Si | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Olivine Group | M2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Gatehouseite | Mn52+(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| P | ⓘ Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Robertsite | Ca2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| P | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| P | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| P | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Vonbezingite | Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) |
| S | ⓘ Omongwaite | Na2Ca5(SO4)6 · 3H2O |
| S | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6Fe23+(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| S | ⓘ Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| S | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Creedite | Ca3SO4Al2F8(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| S | ⓘ Cinnabar | HgS |
| S | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| S | ⓘ Millerite | NiS |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Polydymite | Ni2+Ni23+S4 |
| S | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Cooperite | PtS |
| S | ⓘ Siegenite | CoNi2S4 |
| S | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| S | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Kalistrontite | K2Sr(SO4)2 |
| S | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| S | ⓘ Daubréelite | Fe2+Cr23+S4 |
| S | ⓘ Brezinaite | Cr3S4 |
| S | ⓘ Sulphur | S8 |
| S | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | ⓘ Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| S | ⓘ Talnakhite | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Cl | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn23+Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Lavinskyite | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| K | ⓘ Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) | KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O |
| K | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| K | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| K | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| K | ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
| K | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| K | ⓘ Tetraferriannite | KFe32+(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Norrishite | KLiMn23+(Si4O10)O2 |
| K | ⓘ Sogdianite | KZr2Li3Si12O30 |
| K | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
| K | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| K | ⓘ Armbrusterite | K5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2O |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| K | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Kalsilite | KAlSiO4 |
| K | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Kalistrontite | K2Sr(SO4)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Orlymanite | Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Vonbezingite | Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Tweddillite | {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Holtstamite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| Ca | ⓘ Cairncrossite | Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x |
| Ca | ⓘ Diegogattaite | Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| Ca | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Ca | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Kenotobermorite | Ca4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Davemaoite | CaSiO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Omongwaite | Na2Ca5(SO4)6 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Braunite-II | CaMn143+(SiO4)O20 |
| Ca | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6Fe23+(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Afwillite | Ca3(HSiO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Inesite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Ca | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Tobermorite | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| Ca | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| Ca | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Åkermanite | Ca2Mg[Si2O7] |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Bultfonteinite | Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) |
| Ca | ⓘ Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Henritermierite | Ca3Mn23+(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| Ca | ⓘ Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 |
| Ca | ⓘ Marokite | CaMn23+O4 |
| Ca | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Richterite | {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ruizite | Ca2Mn23+[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Vaterite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ferro-akermanite | Ca2FeSi2O7 |
| Ca | ⓘ Orientite | Ca8Mn103+(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular var. Hibschite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite var. Hydroandradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| Ca | ⓘ Mozartite | CaMn3+(SiO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Neltnerite | CaMn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Piemontite-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Gowerite | Ca[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3] · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Vuagnatite | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinotobermorite | [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Creedite | Ca3SO4Al2F8(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 |
| Ca | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite var. Iceland Spar | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Melilite Group | Ca2M(XSiO7) |
| Ca | ⓘ Robertsite | Ca2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Kudryavtsevaite | Na3(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Ti)2Ti3O12 |
| Ti | ⓘ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Brookite | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Brannerite | UTi2O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ulvöspinel | TiFe2O4 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Cr | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
| Cr | ⓘ Daubréelite | Fe2+Cr23+S4 |
| Cr | ⓘ Eskolaite | Cr2O3 |
| Cr | ⓘ Brezinaite | Cr3S4 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Orlymanite | Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Hennomartinite | SrMn23+(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn23+Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Tweddillite | {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Nchwaningite | Mn22+(SiO3)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Mn | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Guidottiite | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) |
| Mn | ⓘ Braunite-II | CaMn143+(SiO4)O20 |
| Mn | ⓘ Inesite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Gageite | Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 |
| Mn | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Gatehouseite | Mn52+(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Mn | ⓘ Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| Mn | ⓘ Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Henritermierite | Ca3Mn23+(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| Mn | ⓘ Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Kentrolite | Pb2Mn23+(Si2O7)O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Leucophoenicite | Mn72+(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Marokite | CaMn23+O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Ruizite | Ca2Mn23+[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Serandite | NaMn22+Si3O8(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Tephroite | Mn22+SiO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Norrishite | KLiMn23+(Si4O10)O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Orientite | Ca8Mn103+(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Mozartite | CaMn3+(SiO4)(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Neltnerite | CaMn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Piemontite-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Taikanite | Sr3BaMn22+(Si4O12)O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn23+O3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Feitknechtite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| Mn | ⓘ Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| Mn | ⓘ Manjiroite | Na(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| Mn | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Sussexite | Mn2+BO2(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| Mn | ⓘ Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Armbrusterite | K5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganese | Mn |
| Mn | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Gageite-2M | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| Mn | ⓘ Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Robertsite | Ca2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| Mn | ⓘ Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Ramsdellite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Hollandite | Ba(Mn64+Mn23+)O16 |
| Mn | ⓘ Nsutite | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Guidottiite | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Kudryavtsevaite | Na3(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Ti)2Ti3O12 |
| Fe | ⓘ Werdingite | (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37 |
| Fe | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6Fe23+(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Inesite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) |
| Fe | ⓘ Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tetraferriannite | KFe32+(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferro-akermanite | Ca2FeSi2O7 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite var. Hydroandradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x |
| Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Minnesotaite | Fe32+Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Trevorite | Ni2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Greenalite | (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Grunerite | ◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| Fe | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ulvöspinel | TiFe2O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Fe | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron | Fe |
| Fe | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Fe | ⓘ Daubréelite | Fe2+Cr23+S4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Grandidierite | (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Fe | ⓘ Talnakhite | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| Co | Cobalt | |
| Co | ⓘ Siegenite | CoNi2S4 |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Millerite | NiS |
| Ni | ⓘ Bunsenite | NiO |
| Ni | ⓘ Trevorite | Ni2+Fe23+O4 |
| Ni | ⓘ Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 |
| Ni | ⓘ Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Ni | ⓘ Polydymite | Ni2+Ni23+S4 |
| Ni | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Ni | ⓘ Siegenite | CoNi2S4 |
| Ni | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Ni | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Ni | ⓘ Talnakhite | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Effenbergerite | BaCuSi4O10 |
| Cu | ⓘ Vonbezingite | Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Wesselsite | SrCuSi4O10 |
| Cu | ⓘ Lavinskyite | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Scottyite | BaCu2Si2O7 |
| Cu | ⓘ Colinowensite | BaCuSi2O6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Diegogattaite | Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| Cu | ⓘ Copper | Cu |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Talnakhite | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Zn | ⓘ Gageite-2M | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| Zn | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Hennomartinite | SrMn23+(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Tweddillite | {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Sr | ⓘ Wesselsite | SrCuSi4O10 |
| Sr | ⓘ Cairncrossite | Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x |
| Sr | ⓘ Meieranite | Na2Sr3MgSi6O17 |
| Sr | ⓘ Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) | KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| Sr | ⓘ Piemontite-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Sr | ⓘ Taikanite | Sr3BaMn22+(Si4O12)O2 |
| Sr | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| Sr | ⓘ Kalistrontite | K2Sr(SO4)2 |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Y | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| Y | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Y | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Sogdianite | KZr2Li3Si12O30 |
| Zr | ⓘ Baddeleyite | ZrO2 |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Nb | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Nb | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Silver | Ag |
| Sn | Tin | |
| Sn | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Effenbergerite | BaCuSi4O10 |
| Ba | ⓘ Scottyite | BaCu2Si2O7 |
| Ba | ⓘ Colinowensite | BaCuSi2O6 |
| Ba | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | ⓘ Taikanite | Sr3BaMn22+(Si4O12)O2 |
| Ba | ⓘ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| Ba | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| Ba | ⓘ Witherite | BaCO3 |
| Ba | ⓘ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| Ba | ⓘ Hollandite | Ba(Mn64+Mn23+)O16 |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ce | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ce | ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Pt | Platinum | |
| Pt | ⓘ Platinum | Pt |
| Pt | ⓘ Cooperite | PtS |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
| Hg | Mercury | |
| Hg | ⓘ Cinnabar | HgS |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Kentrolite | Pb2Mn23+(Si2O7)O2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Th | ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| U | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| U | ⓘ Brannerite | UTi2O6 |
| U | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| U | ⓘ Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| U | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| U | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
Geochronology
Mineralization age: Mesoproterozoic to Cambrian : 1040 Ma to 512 ± 12 MaImportant note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.
| Geologic Time | Rocks, Minerals and Events | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phanerozoic | |||||||
| Paleozoic | |||||||
| Cambrian | |||||||
| Cambrian Series 2 |
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| Precambrian | |||||||
| Proterozoic | |||||||
| Mesoproterozoic | |||||||
| Stenian | |||||||
Fossils
There are 12 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.
| Occurrences | 80 |
|---|---|
| Youngest Fossil Listed | 0.78 Ma (Pleistocene) |
| Oldest Fossil Listed | 635 Ma (Neoproterozoic) |
| Stratigraphic Units | Click here to view 7 stratigraphic units. |
| Fossils from Region | Click here to show the list. |
| Fossil Localities | Click to show 12 fossil localities |
Localities in this Region
- Central District
- Letlhakane
- ⭔Nata
- Tutume Subdistrict
- Kweneng District
- North-West District
- Ngamiland East District
- Southern District
- Ngwaketse North District
- Hardap Region
- Khomas Region
- Windhoek Rural
- Omaheke Region
- Aminuis
- ǁKaras Region
- Berseba Constituency
- ⭔Karasburg East
- ǁKaras Region
- Karasburg East
- ⭔Karasburg West
- Bremen Occurrence
- Haruchas Intrusion
- Kanabeam Farm 331
- Rosyntjiebos Farm 375
- Keetmanshoop Rural Constituency
- ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency
- North West
- Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality
- Kagisano-Molopo Local Municipality
- Naledi Local Municipality
- Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality
- Mahikeng Local Municipality
- Morwatshetlha
- Mahikeng Local Municipality
- Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality
- Northern Cape
- John Taolo Gaetsewe
- Gamagara
- Kathu
- Gamagara
- Kalahari manganese field
- ZF Mgcawu
- John Taolo Gaetsewe
Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders
for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa