Alkali Feldspar
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About Alkali Feldspar
Member of:
A subgroup of the Feldspar Group, poor in calcium, and mostly rich in potassium. It is mostly used in petrology for the high temperature series from sanidine to high albite; the series is incomplete at low temperature, but normal albite, orthoclase and microcline are generally still included as alkali feldspars.
Some workers (eg the Strunz classification) include barium feldspars (celsian and hyalophane), the ammonium feldspar buddingtonite and the rubidium feldspar rubicline, as alkali feldspars.
Some workers (eg the Strunz classification) include barium feldspars (celsian and hyalophane), the ammonium feldspar buddingtonite and the rubidium feldspar rubicline, as alkali feldspars.
Age distribution
Recorded ages:
Phanerozoic : 180 Ma to 0.380 ± 0.007 Ma - based on 11 recorded ages.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0019652 | Albite | Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996 | ![]() | 1982 | Grande Calderira, Azores | 0 | 293 |
0019653 | Albite | Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996 | ![]() | 1982 | Grande Calderira, Azores | 0 | 673 |
0019654 | Albite | Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996 | ![]() | 1982 | Mt Gibele, Pantelleria Islands, Italy | 0 | 293 |
0019655 | Albite | Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996 | ![]() | 1982 | Mt Gibele, Pantelleria Islands, Italy | 0 | 783 |
0019656 | Albite | Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996 | ![]() | 1982 | Kakanui, New Zealand | 0 | 293 |
0019657 | Albite | Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996 | ![]() | 1982 | Kakanui, New Zealand | 0 | 1023 |
0019660 | Albite | FitzGerald J D, Parise J B, Mackinnon I D R (1986) Average structure of an An48 plagioclase from the Hogarth Ranges American Mineralogist 71 1399-1408 | ![]() | 1986 | Hogarth Ranges, northern New South Wales, Australia | 0 | 293 |
0019661 | Albite | FitzGerald J D, Parise J B, Mackinnon I D R (1986) Average structure of an An48 plagioclase from the Hogarth Ranges American Mineralogist 71 1399-1408 | ![]() | 1986 | Hogarth Ranges, northern New South Wales, Australia | 0 | 293 |
0000536 | Albite | Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225 | ![]() | 1976 | synthetic | 0 | 297 |
0000537 | Albite | Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225 | ![]() | 1976 | synthetic | 0 | 623 |
0000538 | Albite | Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225 | ![]() | 1976 | synthetic | 0 | 873 |
0000539 | Albite | Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225 | ![]() | 1976 | synthetic | 0 | 1023 |
0000540 | Albite | Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225 | ![]() | 1976 | synthetic | 0 | 1223 |
0000541 | Albite | Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225 | ![]() | 1976 | synthetic | 0 | 1363 |
0000542 | Albite | Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225 | ![]() | 1976 | synthetic | 0 | 1378 |
0000595 | Albite | Winter J K, Ghose S, Okamura F P (1977) A high-temperature study of the thermal expansion and the anisotropy of the sodium atom in low albite American Mineralogist 62 921-931 | ![]() | 1977 | 0 | 773 | |
0000596 | Albite | Winter J K, Ghose S, Okamura F P (1977) A high-temperature study of the thermal expansion and the anisotropy of the sodium atom in low albite American Mineralogist 62 921-931 | ![]() | 1977 | 0 | 1023 | |
0000597 | Albite | Winter J K, Ghose S, Okamura F P (1977) A high-temperature study of the thermal expansion and the anisotropy of the sodium atom in low albite American Mineralogist 62 921-931 | ![]() | 1977 | 0 | 1243 | |
0000694 | Albite | Keefer K D, Brown G E (1978) Crystal structures and compositions of sanidine and high albite in cryptoperthitic intergrowth Note this sample of feldspar is from the Rabb Canyon pegmatite, Grant County, New Mexico, USA American Mineralogist 63 1264-1273 | ![]() | 1978 | 0 | 293 | |
0000715 | Albite | Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423 | ![]() | 1979 | Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA | 0 | 298 |
0000716 | Albite | Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423 | ![]() | 1979 | Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA | 0 | 773 |
0000717 | Albite | Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423 | ![]() | 1979 | Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA | 0 | 1023 |
0000718 | Albite | Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423 | ![]() | 1979 | Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA | 0 | 1253 |
0000719 | Albite | Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423 | ![]() | 1979 | Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA | 0 | 1313 |
0000720 | Albite | Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423 | ![]() | 1979 | Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA | 0 | 1253 |
0000721 | Albite | Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423 | ![]() | 1979 | Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA | 0 | 1333 |
0000797 | Albite | Harlow G E, Brown G E (1980) Low albite: An X-Ray and neutron diffraction study American Mineralogist 65 986-995 | ![]() | 1980 | 0 | 293 | |
0000798 | Albite | Harlow G E, Brown G E (1980) Low albite: An X-Ray and neutron diffraction study American Mineralogist 65 986-995 | ![]() | 1980 | 0 | 293 | |
0000799 | Albite | Harlow G E, Brown G E (1980) Low albite: An X-Ray and neutron diffraction study American Mineralogist 65 986-995 | ![]() | 1980 | 0 | 293 | |
0000800 | Albite | Harlow G E, Brown G E (1980) Low albite: An X-Ray and neutron diffraction study American Mineralogist 65 986-995 | ![]() | 1980 | 0 | 293 | |
0001015 | Albite | Smith J V, Artioli G (1986) Low albite, NaAlSi3O8: Neutron diffraction study of crystal structure at 13 K American Mineralogist 71 727-733 | ![]() | 1986 | Amelia, Virginia, USA | 0 | 13 |
0001285 | Albite | Armbruster T, Burgi H B, Kunz M, Gnos E, Bronnimann S, Lienert C (1990) Variation of displacement parameters in structure refinements of low albite American Mineralogist 75 135-140 | ![]() | 1990 | Roc Tourne, France | 0 | 293 |
0001682 | Albite | Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052 | ![]() | 1994 | 0 | 293 | |
0001683 | Albite | Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052 | ![]() | 1994 | 0 | 293 | |
0001684 | Albite | Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052 | ![]() | 1994 | 0.44 | 293 | |
0001685 | Albite | Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052 | ![]() | 1994 | 1.22 | 293 | |
0001686 | Albite | Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052 | ![]() | 1994 | 2.68 | 293 | |
0001687 | Albite | Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052 | ![]() | 1994 | 3.78 | 293 | |
0002264 | Albite | Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151 | ![]() | 1999 | Stintino, Sardinia, Italy | 0 | 293 |
0002265 | Albite | Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151 | ![]() | 1999 | Stintino, Sardinia, Italy | 0 | 293 |
0002266 | Albite | Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151 | ![]() | 1999 | Stintino, Sardinia, Italy | 0 | 293 |
0002267 | Albite | Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151 | ![]() | 1999 | Stintino, Sardinia, Italy | 0 | 293 |
0002268 | Albite | Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151 | ![]() | 1999 | Stintino, Sardinia, Italy | 0 | 293 |
0002269 | Albite | Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151 | ![]() | 1999 | Stintino, Sardinia, Italy | 0 | 293 |
0002270 | Albite | Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151 | ![]() | 1999 | Stintino, Sardinia, Italy | 0 | 293 |
0002271 | Albite | Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151 | ![]() | 1999 | Stintino, Sardinia, Italy | 0 | 293 |
0003798 | Albite | Benusa M D, Angel R J, Ross N L (2005) Compression of albite, NaAlSi3O8 American Mineralogist 90 1115-1120 | ![]() | 2005 | 6.489 | 293 | |
0003799 | Albite | Benusa M D, Angel R J, Ross N L (2005) Compression of albite, NaAlSi3O8 American Mineralogist 90 1115-1120 | ![]() | 2005 | 8.411 | 293 | |
0003800 | Albite | Benusa M D, Angel R J, Ross N L (2005) Compression of albite, NaAlSi3O8 American Mineralogist 90 1115-1120 | ![]() | 2005 | 9.431 | 293 | |
0006422 | Albite | Kroll H, Flogel J, Breit U, Lons J, Pentinghaus H (1991) Order and anti-order in Ge-substituted alkali feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 3 739-749 | 1991 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006423 | Albite | Kroll H, Flogel J, Breit U, Lons J, Pentinghaus H (1991) Order and anti-order in Ge-substituted alkali feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 3 739-749 | 1991 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006424 | Albite | Kroll H, Flogel J, Breit U, Lons J, Pentinghaus H (1991) Order and anti-order in Ge-substituted alkali feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 3 739-749 | 1991 | 0 | 293 | ||
0019658 | Albite | Phillips M W, Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1971) The crystal structures of two oligoclases: a comparison with low and high albite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 133 43-65 | ![]() | 1971 | Camedo, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
0019659 | Albite | Phillips M W, Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1971) The crystal structures of two oligoclases: a comparison with low and high albite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 133 43-65 | ![]() | 1971 | Camedo, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
0012863 | Albite | Gualtieri A F (2000) Accuracy of XRPD QPA using the combined Rietveld-RIR method Journal of Applied Crystallography 33 267-278 | 2000 | Baveno, Novara, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0000519 | Celsian | Griffen D T, Ribbe P H (1976) Refinement of the crystal structure of celsian American Mineralogist 61 414-418 | ![]() | 1976 | 0 | 293 | |
0000887 | Hyalophane | Viswanathan K, Kielhorn H M (1983) Al,Si distribution in a ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar as determined by crystal structure refinement Celsian-rich American Mineralogist 68 122-124 | ![]() | 1983 | Yugoslavia | 0 | 293 |
0009608 | Hyalophane | De Pieri R, Quareni S, Hall K M (1977) Refinement of the structures of low and high hyalophanes Acta Crystallographica B33 3073-3076 | ![]() | 1977 | 0 | 293 | |
0009609 | Hyalophane | De Pieri R, Quareni S, Hall K M (1977) Refinement of the structures of low and high hyalophanes Acta Crystallographica B33 3073-3076 | ![]() | 1977 | 0 | 293 | |
0000194 | Microcline | Bailey S W (1969) Refinement of an intermediate microcline structure American Mineralogist 54 1540-1545 | ![]() | 1969 | 0 | 293 | |
0000714 | Microcline | Ribbe P H (1979) The structure of a strained intermediate microcline in cryptoperthitic association with twinned plagioclase feldspar American Mineralogist 64 402-408 | ![]() | 1979 | Kongnat syenite, SW Greenland | 0 | 293 |
0000962 | Microcline | Griffen D T, Johnson B T (1984) Strain in triclinic alkali feldspars: a crystal structure study intermediate American Mineralogist 69 1072-1077 | 1984 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005216 | Microcline | Blasi A, De Pol Blasi C, Zanazzi P F (1987) A re-examination of the Pellotsalo microcline: Mineralogical implications and genetic considerations The Canadian Mineralogist 25 527-537 | ![]() | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
0006649 | Microcline | Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006650 | Microcline | Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275 | 1997 | 1.4 | 293 | ||
0006651 | Microcline | Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275 | 1997 | 2.9 | 293 | ||
0006652 | Microcline | Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275 | 1997 | 4.4 | 293 | ||
0006653 | Microcline | Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275 | 1997 | 6.2 | 293 | ||
0006654 | Microcline | Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275 | 1997 | 7.1 | 293 | ||
0020534 | Microcline | Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707 | ![]() | 1978 | Adamello Massif, Northern Italy | 0 | 293 |
0020535 | Microcline | Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707 | ![]() | 1978 | Adamello Massif, Northern Italy | 0 | 293 |
0020536 | Microcline | Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707 | ![]() | 1978 | Adamello Massif, Northern Italy | 0 | 293 |
0020537 | Microcline | Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707 | ![]() | 1978 | Adamello Massif, Northern Italy | 0 | 293 |
0020538 | Microcline | Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707 | ![]() | 1978 | Adamello Massif, Northern Italy | 0 | 293 |
0020539 | Microcline | Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707 | ![]() | 1978 | Adamello Massif, Northern Italy | 0 | 293 |
0019651 | Orthoclase | Viswanathan K, Kielhorn H M (1983) Al,Si distribution in a ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar as determined by crystal structure refinement American Mineralogist 68 122-124 | ![]() | 1983 | Yugoslavia | 0 | 293 |
0000166 | Orthoclase | Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1968) The crystal structure of an adularia and a refinement of the structure of orthoclase American Mineralogist 53 25-37 | ![]() | 1968 | St. Gotthard, Switzerland, known as Spencer B, variety adularia | 0 | 293 |
0000167 | Orthoclase | Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1968) The crystal structure of an adularia and a refinement of the structure of orthoclase American Mineralogist 53 25-37 | ![]() | 1968 | St. Gotthard, Switzerland, known as Spencer C | 0 | 293 |
0000313 | Orthoclase | Phillips M W, Ribbe P H (1973) The structures of monoclinic potassium-rich feldspars American Mineralogist 58 263-270 | ![]() | 1973 | St. Gotthard, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
0000320 | Orthoclase | Prince E, Donnay G, Martin R F (1973) Neutron diffraction refinement of an ordered orthoclase structure American Mineralogist 58 500-507 | ![]() | 1973 | Himalaya mine, California, USA | 0 | 293 |
0020509 | Orthoclase | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Unknown | 0 | 293 | |
0020540 | Orthoclase | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Unknown | 0 | 293 | |
0020541 | Orthoclase | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Unknown | 0 | 293 | |
0020542 | Orthoclase | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Unknown | 0 | 293 | |
0020543 | Orthoclase | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Unknown | 0 | 600 | |
0020544 | Orthoclase | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Unknown | 0 | 900 | |
0020545 | Orthoclase | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Unknown | 0 | 1075 | |
0007928 | Orthoclase | Tseng H-Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 399-405 | 1995 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007929 | Orthoclase | Tseng H-Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 399-405 | 1995 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007930 | Orthoclase | Tseng H-Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 399-405 | 1995 | 0 | 293 | ||
0020547 | Orthoclase | Jones J B, Taylor W H (1961) The structure of orthoclase Acta Crystallographica 14 443-456 | ![]() | 1961 | Mogok, Upper Burma | 0 | 293 |
0020550 | Orthoclase | Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707 | ![]() | 1978 | Adamello Massif, Northern Italy | 0 | 293 |
0020551 | Orthoclase | Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707 | ![]() | 1978 | Adamello Massif, Northern Italy | 0 | 293 |
0020552 | Orthoclase | Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707 | ![]() | 1978 | Adamello Massif, Northern Italy | 0 | 293 |
0020553 | Orthoclase | Fenn P M, Brown G E (1977) Crystal structure of a synthetic, compositionally intermediate, hypersolvus alkali feldspar: evidence for Na, K site ordering Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 145 124-145 | 1977 | Synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0020546 | Orthoclase | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 293 | |
0018075 | Orthoclase | Chao S, Hargreaves A, Taylor W (1940) The structure of orthoclase. _cod_database_code 1011205 Mineralogical Magazine 25 498-512 | 1940 | 0 | 293 | ||
0020548 | Orthoclase | Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213 | 1996 | Itrongay, Madagascar | 0 | 121 | |
0020549 | Orthoclase | Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213 | 1996 | Itrongay, Madagascar | 0 | 293 | |
0000781 | Sanidine | Viswanathan K, Brandt K (1980) The crystal structure of ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar and its significance American Mineralogist 65 472-476 | ![]() | 1980 | Otjosondu, Namibia | 0 | 293 |
0020567 | Sanidine | Deubener J, Sternitzke M, Mueller G (1991) Feldspars MAlSi3O8 (M=H,Li,Ag) synthesized by low-temperature ion exchange American Mineralogist 76 1620-1627 | ![]() | 1991 | Volkesfeld, Eifel, Germany | 0 | 293 |
0000312 | Sanidine | Phillips M W, Ribbe P H (1973) The structures of monoclinic potassium-rich feldspars American Mineralogist 58 263-270 | ![]() | 1973 | Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany | 0 | 293 |
0000695 | Sanidine | Keefer K D, Brown G E (1978) Crystal structure and composition of sanidine and high albite in cryptoperthitic intergrowth Note this sample of feldspar is from the Rabb Canyon pegmatite, Grant County, New Mexico, USA American Mineralogist 63 1264-1273 | ![]() | 1978 | 0 | 293 | |
0001125 | Sanidine | Scambos T A, Smyth J R, McCormick T C (1987) Crystal-structure refinement of high sanidine from the upper mantle American Mineralogist 72 973-978 | ![]() | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
0005270 | Sanidine | Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552 | ![]() | 1991 | Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada | 0 | 293 |
0005271 | Sanidine | Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552 | ![]() | 1991 | Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada | 0 | 293 |
0005272 | Sanidine | Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552 | ![]() | 1991 | Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada | 0 | 293 |
0005273 | Sanidine | Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552 | ![]() | 1991 | Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada | 0 | 293 |
0006421 | Sanidine | Kroll H, Flogel J, Breit U, Lons J, Pentinghaus H (1991) Order and anti-order in Ge-substituted alkali feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 3 739-749 | 1991 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006587 | Sanidine | Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M (1995) Structure of sanidine-type KGaSi3O8: Tetrahedral-site disordering in potassium feldspar European Journal of Mineralogy 7 287-293 | 1995 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006610 | Sanidine | Kimata M, Shimizu M, Saito S (1996) High-temperature crystal structure of sanidine Part II. The crystal structure of sanidine at 935 C European Journal of Mineralogy 8 15-24 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006611 | Sanidine | Kimata M, Shimizu M, Saito S (1996) High-temperature crystal structure of sanidine Part II. The crystal structure of sanidine at 935 C European Journal of Mineralogy 8 15-24 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007255 | Sanidine | Menna M, Tribaudino M, Renzulli A (2008) Al-Si order and spinodal decomposition texture of sanidine from igneous clasts of Stromboli (southern Italy): insights into the timing between the emplacement of a shallow basic sheet intrusion and the eruption of related ejecta European Journal of Mineralogy 20 183-190 | 2008 | Stromboli volcano, southern Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0020508 | Sanidine | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Unknown | 0 | 293 | |
0020554 | Sanidine | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0020555 | Sanidine | Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614 | 2013 | Synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0020563 | Sanidine | Ribbe P H (1963) A refinement of the crystal structure of sanidinised orthoclase Acta Crystallographica 16 426-427 | ![]() | 1963 | Unknown | 0 | 293 |
0018087 | Sanidine | Taylor W (1933) The structure of sanidine and other feldspars 2.56 _cod_database_code 1011224 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 85 425-442 | 1933 | 0 | 293 | ||
0018062 | Sanidine | Taylor W (1934) The structure of sanidine and other felspars _cod_database_code 1011187 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 87 464-481 | 1934 | 0 | 293 | ||
0010740 | Sanidine | Weitz G (1972) Die struktur des saninins bei verschiedenen ordnungsgraden Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 136 418-426 | ![]() | 1972 | Volkesfeld, Eifel | 0 | 293 |
0010741 | Sanidine | Weitz G (1972) Die struktur des saninins bei verschiedenen ordnungsgraden Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 136 418-426 | ![]() | 1972 | Volkesfeld, Eifel | 0 | 293 |
0020564 | Sanidine | Ohashi Y, Finger LW (1974) Refinement of the crystal structure of sanidine at 25 and 400C Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 73 539-544 | 1974 | Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany | 0 | 298 | |
0020565 | Sanidine | Ohashi Y, Finger LW (1974) Refinement of the crystal structure of sanidine at 25 and 400C Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 73 539-544 | 1974 | Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany | 0 | 673 | |
0020566 | Sanidine | Ohashi Y, Finger LW (1975) An effect of temperature on the feldspar structure: crystal structure of sanidine at 800C Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 74 569-572 | 1975 | Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany | 0 | 1073 | |
0020570 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 293 | |
0020571 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 293 | |
0020572 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 293 | |
0020573 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 923 | |
0020574 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 1023 | |
0020575 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 1123 | |
0020576 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 1123 | |
0020577 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 1323 | |
0020578 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 1223 | |
0020579 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 1223 | |
0020580 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 1323 | |
0020581 | Sanidine | Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97 | 1985 | Madagascar | 0 | 1323 | |
0012862 | Sanidine | Gualtieri A F (2000) Accuracy of XRPD QPA using the combined Rietveld-RIR method Journal of Applied Crystallography 33 267-278 | 2000 | Latera, Viterbo, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0020560 | Sanidine | Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213 | 1996 | Volkesfeld, Eifel, Germany | 0 | 121 | |
0020561 | Sanidine | Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213 | 1996 | Volkesfeld, Eifel, Germany | 0 | 293 | |
0020562 | Sanidine | Onorato E, Penta M, Sgarlata F (1963) Struttura del Sanidino Periodico di Mineralogia 32 1-34 | 1963 | Alban Hills, Rome Province, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0020557 | Sanidine | Ackermann S, Kunz M, Armbruster T, Schefer J, Hanni H (2004) Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar: A combined neutron- and X-ray single-crystal diffraction study Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 345-354 | 2004 | Itrongay, Madagascar | 0 | 293 | |
0020558 | Sanidine | Ackermann S, Kunz M, Armbruster T, Schefer J, Hanni H (2004) Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar: A combined neutron- and X-ray single-crystal diffraction study Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 345-354 | 2004 | Itrongay, Madagascar | 0 | 293 | |
0020559 | Sanidine | Ackermann S, Kunz M, Armbruster T, Schefer J, Hanni H (2004) Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar: A combined neutron- and X-ray single-crystal diffraction study Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 345-354 | 2004 | Itrongay, Madagascar | 0 | 293 | |
0020556 | Sanidine | Brown G E, Hamilton W C, Prewitt C T, Sueno S (1974) Neutron diffraction study of Al/Si ordering in sanidine: a comparison with X-ray diffraction data The Feldspars: Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute 68-80 | 1974 | Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany | 0 | 293 | |
0020568 | Sanidine | Marcille I M, Organova N I, Rozhdestvenskaya I V (1993) Verification of the crystalline structure for sanidines Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 2 85-89 | 1993 | Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
0020569 | Sanidine | Marsii I M, Organova N I, Rozhdestvenskaya I V (1993) Verification of the crystalline structure for sanidines Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 2 85-89 | 1993 | Mongolia | 0 | 293 | |
0009393 | Rubicline | Gasperin M (1971) Structure cristalline de RbAlSi3O8 _cod_database_code 1001771 Acta Crystallographica B27 854-855 | ![]() | 1971 | 0 | 293 | |
0014559 | Rubicline | Kyono A, Kimata M (2001) Refinement of the crystal structure of a synthetic non-stoichiometric Rb-feldspar Mineralogical Magazine 65 523-531 | ![]() | 2001 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Other Language Names for Alkali Feldspar
Norwegian:Alkalifeltspat
Kalinatronfeltspat
Kalinatronfeltspat
Relationship of Alkali Feldspar to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) | |
Andesine | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] | Tric. |
Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 | Orth. mm2 : Iba2 |
Buddingtonite | (NH4)(AlSi3O8) | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] | Tric. |
Dmisteinbergite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) | Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2 |
Ferrisanidine | K[Fe3+Si3O8] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Filatovite | K(Al,Zn)2(As,Si)2O8 | Mon. 2/m |
Hexacelsian | BaAl2Si2O8 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm |
Kokchetavite | K(AlSi3O8) | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
Kumdykolite | Na(AlSi3O8) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] | |
Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] | |
Paracelsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) | Mon. |
Reedmergnerite | NaBSi3O8 | Tric. |
Slawsonite | Sr(Al2Si2O8) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Stronalsite | Na2SrAl4Si4O16 | Orth. |
Sunstone | A variety of feldspar (microcline or oligoclase, more rarely labradorite) that has schiller, ... | |
Svyatoslavite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) | Orth. |
Unnamed (New Ordered Member of the Alkali Feldspar Series) | KNa(Si6Al2)O16 | Mon. m |
Group Members:
Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) | Tric. 1 |
Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 | Tric. |
Celsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) | Mon. 2/m |
Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] | Mon. |
Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) | Tric. 1 |
Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Rubicline | Rb(AlSi3O8) | Tric. |
Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Alkali Feldspar in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
- Igneous rock
- Normal crystalline igneous rock
- Coarse-grained ("plutonic") crystalline igneous rock
- Fine-grained ("volcanic") normal crystalline igneous rock
- ⓘ Ordanchite
- ⓘ Rhyolitoid
- ⓘ Dacitoid
- Trachytoid
- Andesitoid
- Basaltoid
- ⓘ Phonolitoid
- Foiditoid
- Basic volcanic rock
- Intermediate volcanic rock
- Felsite
- Dolerite
- Exotic crystalline igneous rock
- Pegmatite
- Normal crystalline igneous rock
- Metamorphic rock
- Meteorite and other extra-terrestrial rock and sediment
References for Alkali Feldspar
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Smith, J.V., MacKenzie, W.S. (1958) Alkali feldspars. IV. The cooling history of high-temperature sodium-rich feldspars. American Mineralogist: 43: 872-889.
Yund, R.A. (1974) Coherent exsolution in the alkali feldspars. In A.W. Hofmann, B.J. Giletti, H.S. Yoder, Jr., R.A. Yund, Eds., Geochemical Transport and Kinetics. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication 634: 173-183.
Yund, R.A., Tullis, J. (1983) Subsolidus phase relations in the alkali feldspars with emphasis on coherent phases. In P.H. Ribbe, Ed., Feldspar Mineralogy, 2: 141-176. Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, Virginia.
Yund, R.A. (1984) Alkali feldspar exsolution: kinetics and dependence on alkali interdiffusion. In: Feldspars and Feldspathoids: Structure, Properties and Occurrences (W.L. Brown, ed.) NATO Adv. Study Inst. Ser. C 137. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherlands (281-315).
Fleet, M.E. (1986) Lattice theory and transformation twinning in alkali feldspar. Canadian Mineralogist: 24: 615-623.
Su, Shu-Chun, Ribbe, P.H., Bloss, F.D. (1986) Alkali feldspars: structural state determined from composition and optic axial angle 2V. American Mineralogist: 71: 1285-1296.
Hovis, G.L. (1988) Enthalpies and volumes related to K-Na mixing and Al-Si order/disorder in alkali feldspars. Journal of Petrology: 29: 731-763.
Parsons, I., Rex, D.C., Guise, P., Halliday, A.N. (1988) Argon-loss by alkali feldspars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 52: 1097-1112.
Worden, R.H., Walker, F.D.L., Parsons, I., Brown, W.L. (1990) Development of microporosity, diffusion channels and deuteric coarsening in perthitic alkali feldspars. Contributions to Mineralogy and petrology: 104: 507-515.
Evangelakakis, C., Kroll, H., Voll, G., Wenk, H.-R., Meisheng, H., Kopcke, J. (1993) Low-temperature coherent exsolution in alkali feldspars fro high-grade metamorphic rocks of Sri Lanka. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 114: 519-532.
Waldron, K.A., Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1994) The microstructure of perthitic alkali feldspars revealed by hydrofluoric acid etching. Contributions to Mineralogy and petrology: 116: 360-364.
Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1995) Microtextural controls of weathering of perthitic alkali feldspars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 59: 4465-4488.
Walker, F.D.L., Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1995) Micropores and micropermeable texture in alkali feldspars: geochemical and geophysical implications. Mineralogical Magazine: 59: 505-534.
Kontak, D.J., Martin, R.F., Richard, L. (1996) Patterns in phosphorus enrichment in alkali feldspar, South Mountain batholith, Nova Scotia, Canada. European Journal of Mineralogy: 8: 805-824.
Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1997) Compositional and microtextural zoning in alkali feldspars from the Shap granite and its geochemical implications. Journal of the Geological Society of London: 154: 183-188.
Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1997) Dislocation formation and albitization in alkali feldspars from the Shap granite. American Mineralogist: 82: 557-570.
Lee, M.R., Hodson, M.E., Parsons, I. (1998) The role of intragranular microtextures and microstructures in chemical and mechanical weathering: direct comparison of experimentally and naturally weathered alkali feldspars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 62: 2771-2788.
Parsons, I., Brown, W.L., Smith, J.V. (1999) 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology using alkali feldspars: real thermal history or mathematical mirage of microtexture Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 136: 92-110.
Visocekas, R., Zink, A. (1999) Use of the far infrared TL emission band of alkali feldspars for dosimetry and dating. Quaternary Sci. Rev.: 18: 271-278.
Breiter, K., Frýda, J., Leichmann, J. (2002) Phosphorus and rubidium in alkali feldspars: case studies and possible genetic interpretation. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 77(2): 93–104.
Parsons, I., Thompson, P., Lee, M.R., Cayzer, N. (2005) Alkali feldspar microtextures as provenance indicators in siliciclastic rocks and their role in feldspar dissolution during transport and diagenesis. Journal of Sedimentary Research: 75: 921-942.
Fitz Gerald, J.D., Parsons, I., Cayzer, N. (2006) Nanotunnels and pull-aparts: defects of exsolution lamellae in alkali feldspars. American Mineralogist: 91: 772-783.
Internet Links for Alkali Feldspar
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https://www.mindat.org/min-118.html
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Significant localities for Alkali Feldspar
Showing 75 significant localities out of 23,736 recorded on mindat.org.
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| [Orthoclase] RWMW Collection |
Antarctica | |
| [Albite var: Anorthoclase] http://tea.rice.edu/jroberts/12.13.1999.html; Dov Bahat (1979) Anorthoclase Megacrysts: Physical Conditions of Formation. Mineralogical Magazine 43:287-291; Kammerer, M. M. (2011). Nature and origin of salt deposits around the crater of Erebus volcano, Antarctica (Master dissertation, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology). |
Austria | |
| [Orthoclase] G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
| [Microcline] R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) |
Canada | |
| [Sanidine] Dave Joyce personal collection |
| [Albite var: Oligoclase] Age of the Cabonga nepheline syenite, Grenville Province, western Quebec Hudon, Pierre; Friedman, Richard M.; Gauthier, Gilles; Martignole, Jacques Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 43, issue 9, pp. 1237-1249 |
Colombia | |
| [Albite var: Andesine] Tassinari, C.C.G., Pinzon, F.D., and Buena Ventura, J. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 505-518. |
Ethiopia | |
| [Microcline var: Amazonite] Kaiser, H. (2006): Amazonit aus Äthiopien-Kristalle injutesäcken. ExtraLapis 30: 72-73 |
France | |
| [Microcline] F. Gonnard (1906) - Minéralogie des départements du Rhône et de la Loire, pp: 6 & 36 |
| [Orthoclase] Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28 |
| [Microcline] Pierrot, R., Chauris, L., and Laforêt, C. (1975) Inventaire minéralogique de la France. Ed. BRGM, n°5, Côtes du Nord, 150-153. |
| [Albite] Piccoli, G.C. (2002) I minerali delle Alpi Marittime e Cozie. Provincia di Cuneo. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, L'Artistica Savigliano, Savigliano (Cuneo), 362 pp.; Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., and Lombardo, B. (2007) Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, L'Artigiana Srl - Azienda Grafica, Alba (Cuneo), 607 pages. |
Germany | |
| [Albite var: Zygadite] August Breithaupt (1843) Poggendorff Ann. v 69, p. 441 |
| [Sanidine] Nose, K.W. (1808) in Nöggerath, J., Mineralogische Studien über die Gebirge am Niederrhein..., Frankfurt.; Krul, H. (1969) Geologische zwerftochten. N.V. W.J. Thieme & Cie - Zutphen, Netherlands, 161 pp. (in Dutch). |
Italy | |
| [Albite var: Anorthoclase] [Foerstner] Förstner H. (1877): Ueber die Natronorthoklas von Pantelleria. Zeits. Kryst. Min., 1, 1, 547-561; Foerstner E. [H.] (1881): Nota preliminare sulla geologia dell'isola di Pantelleria secondo gli studi fatti negli anni 1874 e 1881. Boll. R. Comit. Geol. Ital., 12, 523-556;[Foerstner] Förstner H. (1884): Ueber die Feldspäthe von Pantelleria. Zeits. Kryst. Min., 8, 1, 125-202; Foerstner H. (1884): Ueber künstliche physikalische Veränderungen der Feldspäthe von Pantelleria. Zeits. Kryst. Min., 9, 1, 333-352; Rosenbusch H. (1885): Mikroschopische Physiographie der Mineralien und Gesteine. Ein Hülfsbuch bei mikroskopischen Gesteinsstudien. Band I. Die petrographisch wichtigen Mineralien. Zweite gänzlich umgearbeitete Auflage. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch), Stuttgart, 664 pp.; Bahat D. (1979): Anorthoclase megacrysts: physical conditions of formation. Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 287-291; Civetta L., D’Antonio M., Orsi G., Tilton G.R. (1998): The geochemistry of volcanic rocks from Pantelleria Island, Sicily Channel: petrogenesis and characteristics of the mantle source region. Journ. Petrology, 1453-1491.; Avanzinelli, R., Braschi, E., Marchionni, S., & Bindi, L. (2014). Mantle melting in within-plate continental settings: Sr–Nd–Pb and U-series isotope constraints in alkali basalts from the Sicily Channel (Pantelleria and Linosa Islands, Southern Italy). Lithos, 188, 113-129. Civetta, L., Cornette, Y., Crisci, G., Gillot, P. Y., Orsi, G., & Requejo, C. S. (1984). Geology, geochronology and chemical evolution of the island of Pantelleria. Geological Magazine, 121(6), 541-562. Civetta, L., Cornette, Y., Gillot, P. Y., & Orsi, G. (1988). The eruptive history of Pantelleria (Sicily Channel) in the last 50 ka. Bulletin of Volcanology, 50(1), 47-57. Di Carlo, I., Rotolo, S. G., Scaillet, B., Buccheri, V., & Pichavant, M. (2010). Phase equilibrium constraints on pre-eruptive conditions of recent felsic explosive volcanism at Pantelleria Island, Italy. Journal of Petrology, 51(11), 2245-2276. Lanzo, G., Landi, P., & Rotolo, S. G. (2013). Volatiles in pantellerite magmas: a case study of the Green Tuff Plinian eruption (Island of Pantelleria, Italy). Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 262, 153-163. Lowenstern, J. B. (1994). Chlorine, fluid immiscibility, and degassing in peralkaline magmas from Pantelleria, Italy. American Mineralogist, 79(3-4), 353-369. Neave, D. A., Fabbro, G., Herd, R. A., Petrone, C. M., & Edmonds, M. (2012). Melting, differentiation and degassing at the Pantelleria volcano, Italy. Journal of Petrology, 53(3), 637-663. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Rotolo, S. G., Scaillet, S., La Felice, S., & Vita-Scaillet, G. (2013). A revision of the structure and stratigraphy of pre-Green Tuff ignimbrites at Pantelleria (Strait of Sicily). Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 250, 61-74. White, J. C., Ren, M., & Parker, D. F. (2005). Variation in mineralogy, temperature, and oxygen fugacity in a suite of strongly peralkaline lavas and tuffs, Pantelleria, Italy. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43(4), 1331-1347. Washington, H. S. (1909). ART. VIII.--The Submarine Eruptions of 1831 and 1891 near Pantelleria. American Journal of Science (1880-1910), 27(158), 131-150. Wolff, J. A., & Wright, J. V. (1981). Formation of the Green Tuff, Pantelleria. Bulletin Volcanologique, 44(4), 681-690. |
| [Rubicline] D.K.Teertstra, P. Cerny, F.C. Hawthorne, J. Pier, L.M. Wang, C. Ewing (1998) - Rubicline, a new feldspar from San Piero in Campo, Elba, Italy - Am. Min., 83: 1335–1339. |
[Orthoclase] Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp. | |
[Orthoclase] Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp. | |
| [Orthoclase] |
Madagascar | |
| [Sanidine] Ackermann, S., Kunz, M., Armruster, T., Schefer, J. & Hanni, H. (2005): Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar. A combined neutron- and x -ray single crystal diffraction study. Lawrence Berkeley National Labroatory- http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/20f968sx http://www.mindat.org/mesg-7-219075.html |
Namibia | |
| [Microcline] Peter Seroka collection. Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 270 (in English) |
Norway | |
| [Microcline] Breithaupt, A. (1830): Ueber die Felsite und einige neue Specien ihres Geschlechts. Journal für Chemie und Physik, 60: 316-330 |
| [Microcline var: Amazonite] Neumann, H. (1960): Mineral occurrences in southern Norway. Guide to excursions no A.15 and no. C 12. International Geological Congress XXI session Norden 1960, 18p.; Revheim, O. (2015):Mikroklin fra Landsverk 1, Evje. Stein 42 (4), 14-16 Werner, R. (2017) Evje Mineralsti - Landsverk Quarries. Setesdalsmuseet/Aust-Agder museum and archive. 36 pp. |
| [Microcline] Breithaupt, A. (1830): Ueber die Felsite und einige neue Specien ihres Geschlechts. Journal für Chemie und Physik, 60: 316-330; Larsen, K. E. (2015): Mikroklin- et mineral førstegangsbeskrevet fra Norge. Stein 42 (4), 9-11. |
Russia | |
| [Microcline var: Amazonite] Lunts, A.Ya. [Лунц, А.Я] (1972) Mineralogy, geochemistry and origin of the rare-earth pegmatites of alkaline granites, north-western USSR [Минералогия, геохимия и генезис редкоземельных пегматитов щелочных гранитов Северо-Запада СССР]. Nedra [Недра], Moscow, 176 pp. (in Russian). |
Spain | |
| [Albite] Garcia G., Gonzalez C., Bueno A. (2004) - Cadalso de los Vidrios (Madrid), Bocamina, n° 14, pp: 12-46. |
Sweden | |
| [Albite] Gahn, J.G. & Berzelius, J.J. (1815): Afhandl. Fys. Kem. Min., 4, 180; American Mineralogist (1990) 75, 135. |
| [Albite var: Oligoclase] [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"] |
| [Celsian] GFF (1895) 17, 578; Holtstam, D. & Norrestam, R. (1993): Lindqvistite Pb2MeFe16O27,a novel hexagonal ferrite mineral from Jakobsberg, Filipstad, Sweden. American Mineralogist. 78, 1304-1312 |
Switzerland | |
| [Albite] Erik Vercammen photo & specimen (Bought at the Fiesch-show in 2003) |
| [Microcline var: Hyalophane] Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 217-218; American Mineralogist 68, 112 (1983) |
USA | |
| [Albite] Mauthner, M. H. F. (2008), The Forty-niner Pocket, Oceanview Mine, Pala District, San Diego County, California. Rocks & Minerals 83(4): 292-297. |
| [Albite var: Cleavelandite] The Williamson Southern Group National Collection |
| [Microcline var: Amazonite] Jordi Fabre |
| [Microcline var: Amazonite] Specimen from Joe Dorris collection exhibited at Tucson show 2008; Joseph Dorris (2015) Amazomite and Smoky Quartz Mining on the Smoky Hawk Claim, Teller County, Colorado. 36th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium pp. 11-12.; Joseph Dorris (2016) Amazonite and Smoky Quartz Pegmatites of the Smoky Hawk Trend, Teller County, Colorado. in Second Eugene E. Foord Pegmatite Symposium July 15-19, 2016 Colorado School of Mines campus, Golden, Colorado |
| [Albite var: Cleavelandite] Cameron et al (1954) USGS Prof Paper 255, Ronald Januzzi collection |
| [Albite var: Oligoclase] Harold Moritz collection |
[Albite] Hobbs, W. H. (1901): The old tungsten mine in Trumbull, Conn. USGS Annual Report 22:7-22; Januzzi, Ronald E. (1976): Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut; Sullivan, Earle C. (1985): History and Minerals of Old Mine Park. Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. Trumbull Historical Society, Inc. | |
| [Albite] Brunet, William M. (1977). Ilmenite Occurrences In Litchfield, Connecticut. Rocks & Minerals: 52(11): 415-20. |
| [Microcline] W.C. van Laer: field notes, 1977; Yale Peabody Museum collection |
| [Albite] Former Ed Force collection |
| [Microcline] Januzzi, Ronald E. and David Seaman. (1976), Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut. |
| [Microcline] Schooner, Richard. (1958), The Mineralogy of the Portland-East Hampton-Middletown-Haddam Area in Connecticut (With a few notes on Glastonbury and Marlborough). Published by Richard Schooner; Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop, East Hampton; and Howard Pate of Fluorescent House, Branford, Connecticut.; Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut mineralogy. |
[Albite var: Cleavelandite] Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James T., Stewart, Glenn W., and Shainin, Vincent E. (1954), Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England; Shannon, Earl V. (1920), The Old Lithia Mine in Chatham, Connecticut. American Mineralogist: 5: 82-84. | |
| [Microcline] Williams, Horace S. (circa 1945): Article for New York Society of Mineralogists. Brainerd Public Library, Haddam, Connecticut.; Ryerson, Kathleen. (1972): Rock Hound's Guide to Connecticut. Pequot Press.; Webster, Bud. (1978): Mineral Collector’s Field Guide Connecticut. |
| [Albite] Mineralogical Magazine 1902 13 : 97-121.; USGS Prof Paper 255; Scovil, Jeffrey A. (1992): Famous Mineral Localities: the Gillette Quarry, Haddam Neck, Connecticut. (Mineralogical Record, 23(1):19-28.) |
[Microcline] Harold Moritz collection | |
[Microcline var: Amazonite] Weber, Marcelle H. and Earle C. Sullivan. (1995): Connecticut Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals (Connecticut Issue): 70(6): 403 | |
[Microcline var: Hyalophane] Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut minerals. | |
[Albite] Yedlin, Neal. (1967). The Micromounter. Rocks and Minerals: 42(11): 840-842. | |
[Albite var: Oligoclase] Foye, W. G. (1922): Mineral Localities in the Vicinity of Middletown, Connecticut. (American Mineralogist 7:4-12) | |
| [Albite] Jenks, William F. (1935): Pegmatites at Collins Hill, Portland, Conn. American Journal of Science: s. 5, 30: 177-197.; Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James T., Stewart, Glenn W., and Shainin, Vincent E. (1954): Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England; USGS Professional Paper 255: 333-338.; Stugard, Frederick, Jr. (1958): Pegmatites of the Middletown Area, Connecticut. USGS Bulletin 1042-Q. |
| [Albite] Bartsch, Rudolf C. B. (1940): New England Notes. Rocks & Minerals, vol. 15, no. 8, p. 274. |
| [Microcline] Ted Johnson Collection |
| [Microcline] Barry Heath and Frank Perham; King, V. (ed.), 2009, Maine feldspar, Families, and Feuds. |
| [Albite] Cahoon, James C. (2005) Massachusetts: A Classic Swiss Alpine Cleft Mineral Region. modified and updated by Barbara Liebman, Boston Mineral Club News, September, 2005, Cambridge, Massachusetts. |
| [Microcline] P Cristofono collection , 2009 |
| [Sanidine] Ray Lasmanis |
| [Microcline] Peters, et al: The Minerals of the Buckwheat Dolomite, Franklin, NJ: Mineralogical Record:14:183-194; Dunn(1995):Pt4:510. |
[Microcline] Palache(1935):16 & 60; Dunn(1995):Pt1:133. | |
| [Albite] D.Court collection |
| [Microcline] Gordon, Mineralogy of Pennsylvania, 1922 p. 190 |
| [Albite var: Oligoclase] Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, O. D. Hermes, Ed., University of Rhode Island, Kingston |
| [Microcline] Self-collected by Franklin Roberts.; Arthur Smith, Frank Roberts, Denise Bicknell (2008) Mineral News, 24, #1, 6-7. |
Lohning quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria