Alkali Feldspar

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Photos of Alkali Feldspar (5020)

Alkali Feldspar Gallery Search Photos of Alkali Feldspar

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Albite

Lohning quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria

Amazonite

Pikes Peak, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA

Sanidine

Tre Croci, Vetralla, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

Albite

Lohning quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria

Amazonite

Pikes Peak, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA

Sanidine

Tre Croci, Vetralla, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

Albite

Lohning quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria

Amazonite

Pikes Peak, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA

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About Alkali FeldsparHide

Member of:

Feldspar Group

A subgroup of the Feldspar Group, poor in calcium, and mostly rich in potassium. It is mostly used in petrology for the high temperature series from sanidine to high albite; the series is incomplete at low temperature, but normal albite, orthoclase and microcline are generally still included as alkali feldspars.
Some workers (eg the Strunz classification) include barium feldspars (celsian and hyalophane), the ammonium feldspar buddingtonite and the rubidium feldspar rubicline, as alkali feldspars.

Age distributionHide

Recorded ages:

Phanerozoic : 180 Ma to 0.380 ± 0.007 Ma - based on 11 recorded ages.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0019652	Albite	Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996	1982	Grande Calderira, Azores	0	293
0019653	Albite	Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996	1982	Grande Calderira, Azores	0	673
0019654	Albite	Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996	1982	Mt Gibele, Pantelleria Islands, Italy	0	293
0019655	Albite	Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996	1982	Mt Gibele, Pantelleria Islands, Italy	0	783
0019656	Albite	Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996	1982	Kakanui, New Zealand	0	293
0019657	Albite	Harlow G E (1982) The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition American Mineralogist 67 975-996	1982	Kakanui, New Zealand	0	1023
0019660	Albite	FitzGerald J D, Parise J B, Mackinnon I D R (1986) Average structure of an An48 plagioclase from the Hogarth Ranges American Mineralogist 71 1399-1408	1986	Hogarth Ranges, northern New South Wales, Australia	0	293
0019661	Albite	FitzGerald J D, Parise J B, Mackinnon I D R (1986) Average structure of an An48 plagioclase from the Hogarth Ranges American Mineralogist 71 1399-1408	1986	Hogarth Ranges, northern New South Wales, Australia	0	293
0000536	Albite	Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225	1976	synthetic	0	297
0000537	Albite	Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225	1976	synthetic	0	623
0000538	Albite	Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225	1976	synthetic	0	873
0000539	Albite	Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225	1976	synthetic	0	1023
0000540	Albite	Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225	1976	synthetic	0	1223
0000541	Albite	Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225	1976	synthetic	0	1363
0000542	Albite	Prewitt C T, Sueno S, Papike J J (1976) The crystal structures of high albite and monalbite at high temperatures feldspar American Mineralogist 61 1213-1225	1976	synthetic	0	1378
0000595	Albite	Winter J K, Ghose S, Okamura F P (1977) A high-temperature study of the thermal expansion and the anisotropy of the sodium atom in low albite American Mineralogist 62 921-931	1977		0	773
0000596	Albite	Winter J K, Ghose S, Okamura F P (1977) A high-temperature study of the thermal expansion and the anisotropy of the sodium atom in low albite American Mineralogist 62 921-931	1977		0	1023
0000597	Albite	Winter J K, Ghose S, Okamura F P (1977) A high-temperature study of the thermal expansion and the anisotropy of the sodium atom in low albite American Mineralogist 62 921-931	1977		0	1243
0000694	Albite	Keefer K D, Brown G E (1978) Crystal structures and compositions of sanidine and high albite in cryptoperthitic intergrowth Note this sample of feldspar is from the Rabb Canyon pegmatite, Grant County, New Mexico, USA American Mineralogist 63 1264-1273	1978		0	293
0000715	Albite	Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423	1979	Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA	0	298
0000716	Albite	Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423	1979	Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA	0	773
0000717	Albite	Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423	1979	Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA	0	1023
0000718	Albite	Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423	1979	Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA	0	1253
0000719	Albite	Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423	1979	Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA	0	1313
0000720	Albite	Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423	1979	Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA	0	1253
0000721	Albite	Winter J K, Okamura F P, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite - monalbite phase transition American Mineralogist 64 409-423	1979	Tiburon, Marin County, California, USA	0	1333
0000797	Albite	Harlow G E, Brown G E (1980) Low albite: An X-Ray and neutron diffraction study American Mineralogist 65 986-995	1980		0	293
0000798	Albite	Harlow G E, Brown G E (1980) Low albite: An X-Ray and neutron diffraction study American Mineralogist 65 986-995	1980		0	293
0000799	Albite	Harlow G E, Brown G E (1980) Low albite: An X-Ray and neutron diffraction study American Mineralogist 65 986-995	1980		0	293
0000800	Albite	Harlow G E, Brown G E (1980) Low albite: An X-Ray and neutron diffraction study American Mineralogist 65 986-995	1980		0	293
0001015	Albite	Smith J V, Artioli G (1986) Low albite, NaAlSi3O8: Neutron diffraction study of crystal structure at 13 K American Mineralogist 71 727-733	1986	Amelia, Virginia, USA	0	13
0001285	Albite	Armbruster T, Burgi H B, Kunz M, Gnos E, Bronnimann S, Lienert C (1990) Variation of displacement parameters in structure refinements of low albite American Mineralogist 75 135-140	1990	Roc Tourne, France	0	293
0001682	Albite	Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052	1994		0	293
0001683	Albite	Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052	1994		0	293
0001684	Albite	Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052	1994		0.44	293
0001685	Albite	Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052	1994		1.22	293
0001686	Albite	Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052	1994		2.68	293
0001687	Albite	Downs R T, Hazen R M, Finger L W (1994) The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering American Mineralogist 79 1042-1052	1994		3.78	293
0002264	Albite	Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151	1999	Stintino, Sardinia, Italy	0	293
0002265	Albite	Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151	1999	Stintino, Sardinia, Italy	0	293
0002266	Albite	Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151	1999	Stintino, Sardinia, Italy	0	293
0002267	Albite	Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151	1999	Stintino, Sardinia, Italy	0	293
0002268	Albite	Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151	1999	Stintino, Sardinia, Italy	0	293
0002269	Albite	Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151	1999	Stintino, Sardinia, Italy	0	293
0002270	Albite	Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151	1999	Stintino, Sardinia, Italy	0	293
0002271	Albite	Meneghinello E, Alberti A, Cruciani G (1999) Order-disorder process in the tetrahedral sites af albite American Mineralogist 84 1144-1151	1999	Stintino, Sardinia, Italy	0	293
0003798	Albite	Benusa M D, Angel R J, Ross N L (2005) Compression of albite, NaAlSi3O8 American Mineralogist 90 1115-1120	2005		6.489	293
0003799	Albite	Benusa M D, Angel R J, Ross N L (2005) Compression of albite, NaAlSi3O8 American Mineralogist 90 1115-1120	2005		8.411	293
0003800	Albite	Benusa M D, Angel R J, Ross N L (2005) Compression of albite, NaAlSi3O8 American Mineralogist 90 1115-1120	2005		9.431	293
0006422	Albite	Kroll H, Flogel J, Breit U, Lons J, Pentinghaus H (1991) Order and anti-order in Ge-substituted alkali feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 3 739-749	1991		0	293
0006423	Albite	Kroll H, Flogel J, Breit U, Lons J, Pentinghaus H (1991) Order and anti-order in Ge-substituted alkali feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 3 739-749	1991		0	293
0006424	Albite	Kroll H, Flogel J, Breit U, Lons J, Pentinghaus H (1991) Order and anti-order in Ge-substituted alkali feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 3 739-749	1991		0	293
0019658	Albite	Phillips M W, Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1971) The crystal structures of two oligoclases: a comparison with low and high albite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 133 43-65	1971	Camedo, Switzerland	0	293
0019659	Albite	Phillips M W, Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1971) The crystal structures of two oligoclases: a comparison with low and high albite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 133 43-65	1971	Camedo, Switzerland	0	293
0012863	Albite	Gualtieri A F (2000) Accuracy of XRPD QPA using the combined Rietveld-RIR method Journal of Applied Crystallography 33 267-278	2000	Baveno, Novara, Italy	0	293
0000519	Celsian	Griffen D T, Ribbe P H (1976) Refinement of the crystal structure of celsian American Mineralogist 61 414-418	1976		0	293
0000887	Hyalophane	Viswanathan K, Kielhorn H M (1983) Al,Si distribution in a ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar as determined by crystal structure refinement Celsian-rich American Mineralogist 68 122-124	1983	Yugoslavia	0	293
0009608	Hyalophane	De Pieri R, Quareni S, Hall K M (1977) Refinement of the structures of low and high hyalophanes Acta Crystallographica B33 3073-3076	1977		0	293
0009609	Hyalophane	De Pieri R, Quareni S, Hall K M (1977) Refinement of the structures of low and high hyalophanes Acta Crystallographica B33 3073-3076	1977		0	293
0000194	Microcline	Bailey S W (1969) Refinement of an intermediate microcline structure American Mineralogist 54 1540-1545	1969		0	293
0000714	Microcline	Ribbe P H (1979) The structure of a strained intermediate microcline in cryptoperthitic association with twinned plagioclase feldspar American Mineralogist 64 402-408	1979	Kongnat syenite, SW Greenland	0	293
0000962	Microcline	Griffen D T, Johnson B T (1984) Strain in triclinic alkali feldspars: a crystal structure study intermediate American Mineralogist 69 1072-1077	1984		0	293
0005216	Microcline	Blasi A, De Pol Blasi C, Zanazzi P F (1987) A re-examination of the Pellotsalo microcline: Mineralogical implications and genetic considerations The Canadian Mineralogist 25 527-537	1987		0	293
0006649	Microcline	Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275	1997		0	293
0006650	Microcline	Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275	1997		1.4	293
0006651	Microcline	Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275	1997		2.9	293
0006652	Microcline	Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275	1997		4.4	293
0006653	Microcline	Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275	1997		6.2	293
0006654	Microcline	Allan D R, Angel R J (1997) A high-pressure structural study of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to 7 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 9 263-275	1997		7.1	293
0020534	Microcline	Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707	1978	Adamello Massif, Northern Italy	0	293
0020535	Microcline	Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707	1978	Adamello Massif, Northern Italy	0	293
0020536	Microcline	Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707	1978	Adamello Massif, Northern Italy	0	293
0020537	Microcline	Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707	1978	Adamello Massif, Northern Italy	0	293
0020538	Microcline	Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707	1978	Adamello Massif, Northern Italy	0	293
0020539	Microcline	Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707	1978	Adamello Massif, Northern Italy	0	293
0019651	Orthoclase	Viswanathan K, Kielhorn H M (1983) Al,Si distribution in a ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar as determined by crystal structure refinement American Mineralogist 68 122-124	1983	Yugoslavia	0	293
0000166	Orthoclase	Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1968) The crystal structure of an adularia and a refinement of the structure of orthoclase American Mineralogist 53 25-37	1968	St. Gotthard, Switzerland, known as Spencer B, variety adularia	0	293
0000167	Orthoclase	Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1968) The crystal structure of an adularia and a refinement of the structure of orthoclase American Mineralogist 53 25-37	1968	St. Gotthard, Switzerland, known as Spencer C	0	293
0000313	Orthoclase	Phillips M W, Ribbe P H (1973) The structures of monoclinic potassium-rich feldspars American Mineralogist 58 263-270	1973	St. Gotthard, Switzerland	0	293
0000320	Orthoclase	Prince E, Donnay G, Martin R F (1973) Neutron diffraction refinement of an ordered orthoclase structure American Mineralogist 58 500-507	1973	Himalaya mine, California, USA	0	293
0020509	Orthoclase	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Unknown	0	293
0020540	Orthoclase	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Unknown	0	293
0020541	Orthoclase	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Unknown	0	293
0020542	Orthoclase	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Unknown	0	293
0020543	Orthoclase	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Unknown	0	600
0020544	Orthoclase	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Unknown	0	900
0020545	Orthoclase	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Unknown	0	1075
0007928	Orthoclase	Tseng H-Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 399-405	1995		0	293
0007929	Orthoclase	Tseng H-Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 399-405	1995		0	293
0007930	Orthoclase	Tseng H-Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 399-405	1995		0	293
0020547	Orthoclase	Jones J B, Taylor W H (1961) The structure of orthoclase Acta Crystallographica 14 443-456	1961	Mogok, Upper Burma	0	293
0020550	Orthoclase	Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707	1978	Adamello Massif, Northern Italy	0	293
0020551	Orthoclase	Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707	1978	Adamello Massif, Northern Italy	0	293
0020552	Orthoclase	Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) Acta Crystallographica B34 2699-2707	1978	Adamello Massif, Northern Italy	0	293
0020553	Orthoclase	Fenn P M, Brown G E (1977) Crystal structure of a synthetic, compositionally intermediate, hypersolvus alkali feldspar: evidence for Na, K site ordering Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 145 124-145	1977	Synthetic	0	293
0020546	Orthoclase	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	293
0018075	Orthoclase	Chao S, Hargreaves A, Taylor W (1940) The structure of orthoclase. _cod_database_code 1011205 Mineralogical Magazine 25 498-512	1940		0	293
0020548	Orthoclase	Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213	1996	Itrongay, Madagascar	0	121
0020549	Orthoclase	Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213	1996	Itrongay, Madagascar	0	293
0000781	Sanidine	Viswanathan K, Brandt K (1980) The crystal structure of ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar and its significance American Mineralogist 65 472-476	1980	Otjosondu, Namibia	0	293
0020567	Sanidine	Deubener J, Sternitzke M, Mueller G (1991) Feldspars MAlSi3O8 (M=H,Li,Ag) synthesized by low-temperature ion exchange American Mineralogist 76 1620-1627	1991	Volkesfeld, Eifel, Germany	0	293
0000312	Sanidine	Phillips M W, Ribbe P H (1973) The structures of monoclinic potassium-rich feldspars American Mineralogist 58 263-270	1973	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	0	293
0000695	Sanidine	Keefer K D, Brown G E (1978) Crystal structure and composition of sanidine and high albite in cryptoperthitic intergrowth Note this sample of feldspar is from the Rabb Canyon pegmatite, Grant County, New Mexico, USA American Mineralogist 63 1264-1273	1978		0	293
0001125	Sanidine	Scambos T A, Smyth J R, McCormick T C (1987) Crystal-structure refinement of high sanidine from the upper mantle American Mineralogist 72 973-978	1987		0	293
0005270	Sanidine	Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552	1991	Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada	0	293
0005271	Sanidine	Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552	1991	Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada	0	293
0005272	Sanidine	Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552	1991	Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada	0	293
0005273	Sanidine	Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552	1991	Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada	0	293
0006421	Sanidine	Kroll H, Flogel J, Breit U, Lons J, Pentinghaus H (1991) Order and anti-order in Ge-substituted alkali feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 3 739-749	1991		0	293
0006587	Sanidine	Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M (1995) Structure of sanidine-type KGaSi3O8: Tetrahedral-site disordering in potassium feldspar European Journal of Mineralogy 7 287-293	1995		0	293
0006610	Sanidine	Kimata M, Shimizu M, Saito S (1996) High-temperature crystal structure of sanidine Part II. The crystal structure of sanidine at 935 C European Journal of Mineralogy 8 15-24	1996		0	293
0006611	Sanidine	Kimata M, Shimizu M, Saito S (1996) High-temperature crystal structure of sanidine Part II. The crystal structure of sanidine at 935 C European Journal of Mineralogy 8 15-24	1996		0	293
0007255	Sanidine	Menna M, Tribaudino M, Renzulli A (2008) Al-Si order and spinodal decomposition texture of sanidine from igneous clasts of Stromboli (southern Italy): insights into the timing between the emplacement of a shallow basic sheet intrusion and the eruption of related ejecta European Journal of Mineralogy 20 183-190	2008	Stromboli volcano, southern Italy	0	293
0020508	Sanidine	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Unknown	0	293
0020554	Sanidine	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Synthetic	0	293
0020555	Sanidine	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Synthetic	0	293
0020563	Sanidine	Ribbe P H (1963) A refinement of the crystal structure of sanidinised orthoclase Acta Crystallographica 16 426-427	1963	Unknown	0	293
0018087	Sanidine	Taylor W (1933) The structure of sanidine and other feldspars 2.56 _cod_database_code 1011224 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 85 425-442	1933		0	293
0018062	Sanidine	Taylor W (1934) The structure of sanidine and other felspars _cod_database_code 1011187 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 87 464-481	1934		0	293
0010740	Sanidine	Weitz G (1972) Die struktur des saninins bei verschiedenen ordnungsgraden Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 136 418-426	1972	Volkesfeld, Eifel	0	293
0010741	Sanidine	Weitz G (1972) Die struktur des saninins bei verschiedenen ordnungsgraden Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 136 418-426	1972	Volkesfeld, Eifel	0	293
0020564	Sanidine	Ohashi Y, Finger LW (1974) Refinement of the crystal structure of sanidine at 25 and 400C Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 73 539-544	1974	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	0	298
0020565	Sanidine	Ohashi Y, Finger LW (1974) Refinement of the crystal structure of sanidine at 25 and 400C Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 73 539-544	1974	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	0	673
0020566	Sanidine	Ohashi Y, Finger LW (1975) An effect of temperature on the feldspar structure: crystal structure of sanidine at 800C Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 74 569-572	1975	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	0	1073
0020570	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	293
0020571	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	293
0020572	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	293
0020573	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	923
0020574	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	1023
0020575	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	1123
0020576	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	1123
0020577	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	1323
0020578	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	1223
0020579	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	1223
0020580	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	1323
0020581	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	0	1323
0012862	Sanidine	Gualtieri A F (2000) Accuracy of XRPD QPA using the combined Rietveld-RIR method Journal of Applied Crystallography 33 267-278	2000	Latera, Viterbo, Italy	0	293
0020560	Sanidine	Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213	1996	Volkesfeld, Eifel, Germany	0	121
0020561	Sanidine	Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213	1996	Volkesfeld, Eifel, Germany	0	293
0020562	Sanidine	Onorato E, Penta M, Sgarlata F (1963) Struttura del Sanidino Periodico di Mineralogia 32 1-34	1963	Alban Hills, Rome Province, Latium, Italy	0	293
0020557	Sanidine	Ackermann S, Kunz M, Armbruster T, Schefer J, Hanni H (2004) Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar: A combined neutron- and X-ray single-crystal diffraction study Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 345-354	2004	Itrongay, Madagascar	0	293
0020558	Sanidine	Ackermann S, Kunz M, Armbruster T, Schefer J, Hanni H (2004) Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar: A combined neutron- and X-ray single-crystal diffraction study Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 345-354	2004	Itrongay, Madagascar	0	293
0020559	Sanidine	Ackermann S, Kunz M, Armbruster T, Schefer J, Hanni H (2004) Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar: A combined neutron- and X-ray single-crystal diffraction study Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 345-354	2004	Itrongay, Madagascar	0	293
0020556	Sanidine	Brown G E, Hamilton W C, Prewitt C T, Sueno S (1974) Neutron diffraction study of Al/Si ordering in sanidine: a comparison with X-ray diffraction data The Feldspars: Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute 68-80	1974	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	0	293
0020568	Sanidine	Marcille I M, Organova N I, Rozhdestvenskaya I V (1993) Verification of the crystalline structure for sanidines Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 2 85-89	1993	Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia	0	293
0020569	Sanidine	Marsii I M, Organova N I, Rozhdestvenskaya I V (1993) Verification of the crystalline structure for sanidines Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 2 85-89	1993	Mongolia	0	293
0009393	Rubicline	Gasperin M (1971) Structure cristalline de RbAlSi3O8 _cod_database_code 1001771 Acta Crystallographica B27 854-855	1971		0	293
0014559	Rubicline	Kyono A, Kimata M (2001) Refinement of the crystal structure of a synthetic non-stoichiometric Rb-feldspar Mineralogical Magazine 65 523-531	2001	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Albite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Harlow G E'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 67 
_journal_year 1982
_journal_page_first 975
_journal_page_last 996
_publ_section_title
;
 The anorthoclase structures: The effects of temperature and composition
 Sample: Or = 32.5, T = 23 C
;
_database_code_amcsd 0019652
_chemical_compound_source 'Grande Calderira, Azores'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Na.686 K.334 Ca.008 (Al Si3) O8'
_cell_length_a 8.290
_cell_length_b 12.966
_cell_length_c 7.151
_cell_angle_alpha 91.18
_cell_angle_beta 116.31
_cell_angle_gamma 90.14
_cell_volume 688.819
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.588
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C -1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Na   0.27500   0.00130   0.13660   0.68600
K   0.27500   0.00130   0.13660   0.33400
Ca   0.27500   0.00130   0.13660   0.00800
Al1   0.00850   0.17530   0.22070   0.25000
Si1   0.00850   0.17530   0.22070   0.75000
Al2   0.00690   0.81800   0.22520   0.25000
Si2   0.00690   0.81800   0.22520   0.75000
Al3   0.69540   0.11400   0.33540   0.25000
Si3   0.69540   0.11400   0.33540   0.75000
Al4   0.69410   0.88150   0.34650   0.25000
Si4   0.69410   0.88150   0.34650   0.75000
O1   0.00160   0.13880   0.99470   1.00000
O2   0.60560   0.99720   0.28280   1.00000
O3   0.82330   0.12790   0.21800   1.00000
O4   0.82270   0.85740   0.23290   1.00000
O5   0.02330   0.30120   0.26180   1.00000
O6   0.02410   0.69160   0.24210   1.00000
O7   0.18970   0.12040   0.40040   1.00000
O8   0.18830   0.87250   0.41250   1.00000
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Na -0.00392 0.05533 0.02892 0.00098 -0.00169 -0.02188
K -0.00392 0.05533 0.02892 0.00098 -0.00169 -0.02188
Ca -0.00392 0.05533 0.02892 0.00098 -0.00169 -0.02188
Al1 0.01566 0.01447 0.01061 -0.00195 0.00675 0.00000
Si1 0.01566 0.01447 0.01061 -0.00195 0.00675 0.00000
Al2 0.01483 0.01277 0.01061 0.00342 0.00627 0.00084
Si2 0.01483 0.01277 0.01061 0.00342 0.00627 0.00084
Al3 0.01427 0.00936 0.01352 0.00000 0.00627 0.00084
Si3 0.01427 0.00936 0.01352 0.00000 0.00627 0.00084
Al4 0.01510 0.00936 0.01311 0.00146 0.00651 0.00042
Si4 0.01510 0.00936 0.01311 0.00146 0.00651 0.00042
O1 0.03468 0.02554 0.02018 0.00293 0.01472 0.00168
O2 0.02406 0.01532 0.02580 0.00049 0.00772 0.00084
O3 0.02657 0.03490 0.03287 -0.00488 0.01809 0.00210
O4 0.02629 0.03320 0.03142 0.00537 0.01713 -0.00084
O5 0.02462 0.01873 0.02538 -0.00146 0.01061 -0.00126
O6 0.02350 0.01702 0.02455 0.00146 0.00724 0.00168
O7 0.02517 0.02128 0.01810 0.00293 0.00555 0.00337
O8 0.02406 0.02298 0.01976 -0.00146 0.00531 -0.00295

Other Language Names for Alkali FeldsparHide

Norwegian:Alkalifeltspat
Kalinatronfeltspat

Relationship of Alkali Feldspar to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Feldspar Group

Other Members of this group:

Amazonite	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]	Tric.
Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Tric. 1 : P1
Banalsite	Na₂BaAl₄Si₄O₁₆	Orth. mm2 : Iba2
Buddingtonite	(NH₄)(AlSi₃O₈)	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]	Tric.
Dmisteinbergite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
Ferrisanidine	K[Fe³⁺Si₃O₈]	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Filatovite	K(Al,Zn)₂(As,Si)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m
Hexacelsian	BaAl₂Si₂O₈	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mcm
Kokchetavite	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
Kumdykolite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Paracelsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Mon.
Reedmergnerite	NaBSi₃O₈	Tric.
Slawsonite	Sr(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Stronalsite	Na₂SrAl₄Si₄O₁₆	Orth.
Sunstone	A variety of feldspar (microcline or oligoclase, more rarely labradorite) that has schiller, ...
Svyatoslavite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Orth.
Unnamed (New Ordered Member of the Alkali Feldspar Series)	KNa(Si₆Al₂)O₁₆	Mon. m

Group Members:

Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	Tric. 1
Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈	Tric.
Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Mon. 2/m
Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]	Mon.
Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Tric. 1
Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Rubicline	Rb(AlSi₃O₈)	Tric.
Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Alkali Feldspar in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

References for Alkali FeldsparHide

Reference List:

Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)

Smith, J.V., MacKenzie, W.S. (1958) Alkali feldspars. IV. The cooling history of high-temperature sodium-rich feldspars. American Mineralogist: 43: 872-889.

Yund, R.A. (1974) Coherent exsolution in the alkali feldspars. In A.W. Hofmann, B.J. Giletti, H.S. Yoder, Jr., R.A. Yund, Eds., Geochemical Transport and Kinetics. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication 634: 173-183.

Yund, R.A., Tullis, J. (1983) Subsolidus phase relations in the alkali feldspars with emphasis on coherent phases. In P.H. Ribbe, Ed., Feldspar Mineralogy, 2: 141-176. Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, Virginia.

Yund, R.A. (1984) Alkali feldspar exsolution: kinetics and dependence on alkali interdiffusion. In: Feldspars and Feldspathoids: Structure, Properties and Occurrences (W.L. Brown, ed.) NATO Adv. Study Inst. Ser. C 137. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherlands (281-315).

Fleet, M.E. (1986) Lattice theory and transformation twinning in alkali feldspar. Canadian Mineralogist: 24: 615-623.

Su, Shu-Chun, Ribbe, P.H., Bloss, F.D. (1986) Alkali feldspars: structural state determined from composition and optic axial angle 2V. American Mineralogist: 71: 1285-1296.

Hovis, G.L. (1988) Enthalpies and volumes related to K-Na mixing and Al-Si order/disorder in alkali feldspars. Journal of Petrology: 29: 731-763.

Parsons, I., Rex, D.C., Guise, P., Halliday, A.N. (1988) Argon-loss by alkali feldspars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 52: 1097-1112.

Worden, R.H., Walker, F.D.L., Parsons, I., Brown, W.L. (1990) Development of microporosity, diffusion channels and deuteric coarsening in perthitic alkali feldspars. Contributions to Mineralogy and petrology: 104: 507-515.

Evangelakakis, C., Kroll, H., Voll, G., Wenk, H.-R., Meisheng, H., Kopcke, J. (1993) Low-temperature coherent exsolution in alkali feldspars fro high-grade metamorphic rocks of Sri Lanka. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 114: 519-532.

Waldron, K.A., Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1994) The microstructure of perthitic alkali feldspars revealed by hydrofluoric acid etching. Contributions to Mineralogy and petrology: 116: 360-364.

Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1995) Microtextural controls of weathering of perthitic alkali feldspars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 59: 4465-4488.

Walker, F.D.L., Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1995) Micropores and micropermeable texture in alkali feldspars: geochemical and geophysical implications. Mineralogical Magazine: 59: 505-534.

Kontak, D.J., Martin, R.F., Richard, L. (1996) Patterns in phosphorus enrichment in alkali feldspar, South Mountain batholith, Nova Scotia, Canada. European Journal of Mineralogy: 8: 805-824.

Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1997) Compositional and microtextural zoning in alkali feldspars from the Shap granite and its geochemical implications. Journal of the Geological Society of London: 154: 183-188.

Lee, M.R., Parsons, I. (1997) Dislocation formation and albitization in alkali feldspars from the Shap granite. American Mineralogist: 82: 557-570.

Lee, M.R., Hodson, M.E., Parsons, I. (1998) The role of intragranular microtextures and microstructures in chemical and mechanical weathering: direct comparison of experimentally and naturally weathered alkali feldspars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 62: 2771-2788.

Parsons, I., Brown, W.L., Smith, J.V. (1999) 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology using alkali feldspars: real thermal history or mathematical mirage of microtexture Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 136: 92-110.

Visocekas, R., Zink, A. (1999) Use of the far infrared TL emission band of alkali feldspars for dosimetry and dating. Quaternary Sci. Rev.: 18: 271-278.

Breiter, K., Frýda, J., Leichmann, J. (2002) Phosphorus and rubidium in alkali feldspars: case studies and possible genetic interpretation. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 77(2): 93–104.

Parsons, I., Thompson, P., Lee, M.R., Cayzer, N. (2005) Alkali feldspar microtextures as provenance indicators in siliciclastic rocks and their role in feldspar dissolution during transport and diagenesis. Journal of Sedimentary Research: 75: 921-942.

Fitz Gerald, J.D., Parsons, I., Cayzer, N. (2006) Nanotunnels and pull-aparts: defects of exsolution lamellae in alkali feldspars. American Mineralogist: 91: 772-783.

Internet Links for Alkali FeldsparHide

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Significant localities for Alkali FeldsparHide

Showing 75 significant localities out of 23,736 recorded on mindat.org.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Afghanistan
Badakhshan Kuran wa Munjan District Koksha Valley (Kokscha Valley; Kokcha Valley) Sar-e Sang (Sar Sang; Sary Sang) Ladjuar Medam (Lajur Madan; Lapis-lazuli Mine; Lapis-lazuli deposit) ⓘ Pitwak Mine (Pitwik Mine)	[Orthoclase] RWMW Collection

Antarctica
Eastern Antarctica Victoria Land Ross Archipelago Ross Island ⓘ Mount Erebus	[Albite var: Anorthoclase] http://tea.rice.edu/jroberts/12.13.1999.html; Dov Bahat (1979) Anorthoclase Megacrysts: Physical Conditions of Formation. Mineralogical Magazine 43:287-291; Kammerer, M. M. (2011). Nature and origin of salt deposits around the crater of Erebus volcano, Antarctica (Master dissertation, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology).

Austria
Carinthia Wolfsberg District Wolfsberg Bad Weißenbach ⓘ Oberleidenberg	[Orthoclase] G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
Lower Austria Zwettl District Waldhausen ⓘ Werschenschlag	[Microcline] R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)

Canada
British Columbia Osoyoos Mining Division Penticton ⓘ Shingle Creek	[Sanidine] Dave Joyce personal collection
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM Réservoir-Dozois ⓘ Cabonga Reservoir	[Albite var: Oligoclase] Age of the Cabonga nepheline syenite, Grenville Province, western Quebec Hudon, Pierre; Friedman, Richard M.; Gauthier, Gilles; Martignole, Jacques Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 43, issue 9, pp. 1237-1249

Colombia
Caldas Department Salamina Municipality ⓘ Marmato mining district	[Albite var: Andesine] Tassinari, C.C.G., Pinzon, F.D., and Buena Ventura, J. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 505-518.

Ethiopia
Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region ⓘ Konso	[Microcline var: Amazonite] Kaiser, H. (2006): Amazonit aus Äthiopien-Kristalle injutesäcken. ExtraLapis 30: 72-73

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Loire Montbrison Essertines-en-Châtelneuf ⓘ Gonnard's pegmatite	[Microcline] F. Gonnard (1906) - Minéralogie des départements du Rhône et de la Loire, pp: 6 & 36
Rhône Villefranche-sur-Saône Les Ardillats ⓘ La Verrière (Montchonay)	[Orthoclase] Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28
Brittany Côtes-d'Armor Dinan Saint-Jacut-de-la-Mer ⓘ La Loge Island	[Microcline] Pierrot, R., Chauris, L., and Laforêt, C. (1975) Inventaire minéralogique de la France. Ed. BRGM, n°5, Côtes du Nord, 150-153.
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Barcelonnette Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye ⓘ Tête de Toillies south-west slope (Col Blanchâtre; Roc della Niera south-west slope)	[Albite] Piccoli, G.C. (2002) I minerali delle Alpi Marittime e Cozie. Provincia di Cuneo. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, L'Artistica Savigliano, Savigliano (Cuneo), 362 pp.; Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., and Lombardo, B. (2007) Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, L'Artigiana Srl - Azienda Grafica, Alba (Cuneo), 607 pages.

Germany
Lower Saxony Goslar District Braunlage St Andreasberg ⓘ Catharina Neufang Mine	[Albite var: Zygadite] August Breithaupt (1843) Poggendorff Ann. v 69, p. 441
North Rhine-Westphalia Cologne Rhein-Sieg-Kreis Königswinter ⓘ Drachenfels	[Sanidine] Nose, K.W. (1808) in Nöggerath, J., Mineralogische Studien über die Gebirge am Niederrhein..., Frankfurt.; Krul, H. (1969) Geologische zwerftochten. N.V. W.J. Thieme & Cie - Zutphen, Netherlands, 161 pp. (in Dutch).

Italy
Sicily Trapani Province ⓘ Pantelleria Island	[Albite var: Anorthoclase] [Foerstner] Förstner H. (1877): Ueber die Natronorthoklas von Pantelleria. Zeits. Kryst. Min., 1, 1, 547-561; Foerstner E. [H.] (1881): Nota preliminare sulla geologia dell'isola di Pantelleria secondo gli studi fatti negli anni 1874 e 1881. Boll. R. Comit. Geol. Ital., 12, 523-556;[Foerstner] Förstner H. (1884): Ueber die Feldspäthe von Pantelleria. Zeits. Kryst. Min., 8, 1, 125-202; Foerstner H. (1884): Ueber künstliche physikalische Veränderungen der Feldspäthe von Pantelleria. Zeits. Kryst. Min., 9, 1, 333-352; Rosenbusch H. (1885): Mikroschopische Physiographie der Mineralien und Gesteine. Ein Hülfsbuch bei mikroskopischen Gesteinsstudien. Band I. Die petrographisch wichtigen Mineralien. Zweite gänzlich umgearbeitete Auflage. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch), Stuttgart, 664 pp.; Bahat D. (1979): Anorthoclase megacrysts: physical conditions of formation. Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 287-291; Civetta L., D’Antonio M., Orsi G., Tilton G.R. (1998): The geochemistry of volcanic rocks from Pantelleria Island, Sicily Channel: petrogenesis and characteristics of the mantle source region. Journ. Petrology, 1453-1491.; Avanzinelli, R., Braschi, E., Marchionni, S., & Bindi, L. (2014). Mantle melting in within-plate continental settings: Sr–Nd–Pb and U-series isotope constraints in alkali basalts from the Sicily Channel (Pantelleria and Linosa Islands, Southern Italy). Lithos, 188, 113-129. Civetta, L., Cornette, Y., Crisci, G., Gillot, P. Y., Orsi, G., & Requejo, C. S. (1984). Geology, geochronology and chemical evolution of the island of Pantelleria. Geological Magazine, 121(6), 541-562. Civetta, L., Cornette, Y., Gillot, P. Y., & Orsi, G. (1988). The eruptive history of Pantelleria (Sicily Channel) in the last 50 ka. Bulletin of Volcanology, 50(1), 47-57. Di Carlo, I., Rotolo, S. G., Scaillet, B., Buccheri, V., & Pichavant, M. (2010). Phase equilibrium constraints on pre-eruptive conditions of recent felsic explosive volcanism at Pantelleria Island, Italy. Journal of Petrology, 51(11), 2245-2276. Lanzo, G., Landi, P., & Rotolo, S. G. (2013). Volatiles in pantellerite magmas: a case study of the Green Tuff Plinian eruption (Island of Pantelleria, Italy). Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 262, 153-163. Lowenstern, J. B. (1994). Chlorine, fluid immiscibility, and degassing in peralkaline magmas from Pantelleria, Italy. American Mineralogist, 79(3-4), 353-369. Neave, D. A., Fabbro, G., Herd, R. A., Petrone, C. M., & Edmonds, M. (2012). Melting, differentiation and degassing at the Pantelleria volcano, Italy. Journal of Petrology, 53(3), 637-663. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Rotolo, S. G., Scaillet, S., La Felice, S., & Vita-Scaillet, G. (2013). A revision of the structure and stratigraphy of pre-Green Tuff ignimbrites at Pantelleria (Strait of Sicily). Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 250, 61-74. White, J. C., Ren, M., & Parker, D. F. (2005). Variation in mineralogy, temperature, and oxygen fugacity in a suite of strongly peralkaline lavas and tuffs, Pantelleria, Italy. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43(4), 1331-1347. Washington, H. S. (1909). ART. VIII.--The Submarine Eruptions of 1831 and 1891 near Pantelleria. American Journal of Science (1880-1910), 27(158), 131-150. Wolff, J. A., & Wright, J. V. (1981). Formation of the Green Tuff, Pantelleria. Bulletin Volcanologique, 44(4), 681-690.
Tuscany Livorno Province Campo nell'Elba ⓘ San Piero in Campo	[Rubicline] D.K.Teertstra, P. Cerny, F.C. Hawthorne, J. Pier, L.M. Wang, C. Ewing (1998) - Rubicline, a new feldspar from San Piero in Campo, Elba, Italy - Am. Min., 83: 1335–1339.
ⓘ Fonte del Prete	[Orthoclase] Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp.
ⓘ Grotta d'Oggi (Grotta d'Oggi Quarry)	[Orthoclase] Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp.
Sant'Ilario in Campo ⓘ Gorgolinato	[Orthoclase]

Madagascar
Anosy Betroka Mahasoa Est ⓘ Itrongay (Itrongahy)	[Sanidine] Ackermann, S., Kunz, M., Armruster, T., Schefer, J. & Hanni, H. (2005): Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar. A combined neutron- and x -ray single crystal diffraction study. Lawrence Berkeley National Labroatory- http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/20f968sx http://www.mindat.org/mesg-7-219075.html

Namibia
Erongo Region Dâures Constituency Brandberg Area Messum Igneous Complex ⓘ Messum Crater	[Microcline] Peter Seroka collection. Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 270 (in English)

Norway
Agder ⓘ Arendal	[Microcline] Breithaupt, A. (1830): Ueber die Felsite und einige neue Specien ihres Geschlechts. Journal für Chemie und Physik, 60: 316-330
Evje og Hornnes Landsverk ⓘ Landsverk 1 Feldspar Quarry (Jokeli)	[Microcline var: Amazonite] Neumann, H. (1960): Mineral occurrences in southern Norway. Guide to excursions no A.15 and no. C 12. International Geological Congress XXI session Norden 1960, 18p.; Revheim, O. (2015):Mikroklin fra Landsverk 1, Evje. Stein 42 (4), 14-16 Werner, R. (2017) Evje Mineralsti - Landsverk Quarries. Setesdalsmuseet/Aust-Agder museum and archive. 36 pp.
Vestfold og Telemark Larvik ⓘ Stavern (Fredriksvärn)	[Microcline] Breithaupt, A. (1830): Ueber die Felsite und einige neue Specien ihres Geschlechts. Journal für Chemie und Physik, 60: 316-330; Larsen, K. E. (2015): Mikroklin- et mineral førstegangsbeskrevet fra Norge. Stein 42 (4), 9-11.

Russia
Murmansk Oblast Lovozersky District Keivy Mountains Western Keivy Massif Serpovidnyi Ridge ⓘ Vein No. 1	[Microcline var: Amazonite] Lunts, A.Ya. [Лунц, А.Я] (1972) Mineralogy, geochemistry and origin of the rare-earth pegmatites of alkaline granites, north-western USSR [Минералогия, геохимия и генезис редкоземельных пегматитов щелочных гранитов Северо-Запада СССР]. Nedra [Недра], Moscow, 176 pp. (in Russian).

Spain
Community of Madrid ⓘ Cadalso de los Vidrios	[Albite] Garcia G., Gonzalez C., Bueno A. (2004) - Cadalso de los Vidrios (Madrid), Bocamina, n° 14, pp: 12-46.

Sweden
Dalarna County Falun ⓘ Finnbo (Finbo)	[Albite] Gahn, J.G. & Berzelius, J.J. (1815): Afhandl. Fys. Kem. Min., 4, 180; American Mineralogist (1990) 75, 135.
Stockholm County Stockholm ⓘ Danvikstull	[Albite var: Oligoclase] [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
Värmland County Filipstad Nordmark District Jakobsberg ore field ⓘ Jakobsberg Mine	[Celsian] GFF (1895) 17, 578; Holtstam, D. & Norrestam, R. (1993): Lindqvistite Pb2MeFe16O27,a novel hexagonal ferrite mineral from Jakobsberg, Filipstad, Sweden. American Mineralogist. 78, 1304-1312

Switzerland
Valais Entremont Bagnes Verbier ⓘ Pierre à Voi	[Albite] Erik Vercammen photo & specimen (Bought at the Fiesch-show in 2003)
Goms Binn Fäld ⓘ Lengenbach Quarry	[Microcline var: Hyalophane] Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 217-218; American Mineralogist 68, 112 (1983)

USA
California San Diego County Pala Mining District Pala Chief Mountain Elizabeth R. Mine (Hazel W. claim) ⓘ Oceanview Mine (Oceanview adits; new Oceanview workings)	[Albite] Mauthner, M. H. F. (2008), The Forty-niner Pocket, Oceanview Mine, Pala District, San Diego County, California. Rocks & Minerals 83(4): 292-297.
Colorado Gunnison Co. Willow Creek Mining District ⓘ Seventy-Six shaft	[Albite var: Cleavelandite] The Williamson Southern Group National Collection
Park Co. Tarryall ⓘ Park County claims	[Microcline var: Amazonite] Jordi Fabre
Teller Co. Crystal Peak ⓘ Smoky Hawk claim	[Microcline var: Amazonite] Specimen from Joe Dorris collection exhibited at Tucson show 2008; Joseph Dorris (2015) Amazomite and Smoky Quartz Mining on the Smoky Hawk Claim, Teller County, Colorado. 36th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium pp. 11-12.; Joseph Dorris (2016) Amazonite and Smoky Quartz Pegmatites of the Smoky Hawk Trend, Teller County, Colorado. in Second Eugene E. Foord Pegmatite Symposium July 15-19, 2016 Colorado School of Mines campus, Golden, Colorado
Connecticut Fairfield County Redding (Reading) Branchville ⓘ Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine)	[Albite var: Cleavelandite] Cameron et al (1954) USGS Prof Paper 255, Ronald Januzzi collection
Trumbull Long Hill ⓘ Corporate Drive construction site	[Albite var: Oligoclase] Harold Moritz collection
ⓘ Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine)	[Albite] Hobbs, W. H. (1901): The old tungsten mine in Trumbull, Conn. USGS Annual Report 22:7-22; Januzzi, Ronald E. (1976): Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut; Sullivan, Earle C. (1985): History and Minerals of Old Mine Park. Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. Trumbull Historical Society, Inc.
Litchfield Co. Litchfield ⓘ Town Farm Road	[Albite] Brunet, William M. (1977). Ilmenite Occurrences In Litchfield, Connecticut. Rocks & Minerals: 52(11): 415-20.
Morris ⓘ Morris Dam Quarry (East Morris Dam)	[Microcline] W.C. van Laer: field notes, 1977; Yale Peabody Museum collection
Plymouth ⓘ Terryville	[Albite] Former Ed Force collection
Thomaston ⓘ Reynolds Bridge	[Microcline] Januzzi, Ronald E. and David Seaman. (1976), Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
Middlesex Co. East Hampton (Chatham) Airline Railroad ⓘ Linkpot cut	[Microcline] Schooner, Richard. (1958), The Mineralogy of the Portland-East Hampton-Middletown-Haddam Area in Connecticut (With a few notes on Glastonbury and Marlborough). Published by Richard Schooner; Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop, East Hampton; and Howard Pate of Fluorescent House, Branford, Connecticut.; Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut mineralogy.
ⓘ Anderson No. 1 Mica Mine (Swanson Mine; Swanson Lithia Mine; Old Lithia Mine; Chatham Lithia Mine)	[Albite var: Cleavelandite] Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James T., Stewart, Glenn W., and Shainin, Vincent E. (1954), Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England; Shannon, Earl V. (1920), The Old Lithia Mine in Chatham, Connecticut. American Mineralogist: 5: 82-84.
Haddam ⓘ Arnold Quarry	[Microcline] Williams, Horace S. (circa 1945): Article for New York Society of Mineralogists. Brainerd Public Library, Haddam, Connecticut.; Ryerson, Kathleen. (1972): Rock Hound's Guide to Connecticut. Pequot Press.; Webster, Bud. (1978): Mineral Collector’s Field Guide Connecticut.
Haddam Neck ⓘ Gillette Quarry (J-J Mine; Haddam Neck Quarry)	[Albite] Mineralogical Magazine 1902 13 : 97-121.; USGS Prof Paper 255; Scovil, Jeffrey A. (1992): Famous Mineral Localities: the Gillette Quarry, Haddam Neck, Connecticut. (Mineralogical Record, 23(1):19-28.)
ⓘ Quarry Hill (Brainerd Quarries; Shailor Quarries)	[Microcline] Harold Moritz collection
ⓘ Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry)	[Microcline var: Amazonite] Weber, Marcelle H. and Earle C. Sullivan. (1995): Connecticut Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals (Connecticut Issue): 70(6): 403
ⓘ Jail Hill Road locality (Jail Hill Quarry)	[Microcline var: Hyalophane] Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut minerals.
ⓘ State Route 9 Interchange 8 - Beaver Meadow Road	[Albite] Yedlin, Neal. (1967). The Micromounter. Rocks and Minerals: 42(11): 840-842.
ⓘ Timms Hill (Tim's Hill; Iolite Hill)	[Albite var: Oligoclase] Foye, W. G. (1922): Mineral Localities in the Vicinity of Middletown, Connecticut. (American Mineralogist 7:4-12)
Portland Collins Hill Strickland pegmatite (Strickland-Cramer Quarry; Strickland-Cramer Mine; Strickland-Cramer Feldspar-Mica Quarries) ⓘ Strickland Quarry (Eureka Quarry)	[Albite] Jenks, William F. (1935): Pegmatites at Collins Hill, Portland, Conn. American Journal of Science: s. 5, 30: 177-197.; Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James T., Stewart, Glenn W., and Shainin, Vincent E. (1954): Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England; USGS Professional Paper 255: 333-338.; Stugard, Frederick, Jr. (1958): Pegmatites of the Middletown Area, Connecticut. USGS Bulletin 1042-Q.
Tolland Co. Union ⓘ Interstate 84 (I-84; I-86; State Route 15; Wilbur Cross Highway)	[Albite] Bartsch, Rudolf C. B. (1940): New England Notes. Rocks & Minerals, vol. 15, no. 8, p. 274.
Idaho Boise Co. ⓘ Sawtooth Wilderness Area (Sawtooth Primitive Area)	[Microcline] Ted Johnson Collection
Maine Oxford County Albany ⓘ Albany Rose Quarry	[Microcline] Barry Heath and Frank Perham; King, V. (ed.), 2009, Maine feldspar, Families, and Feuds.
Massachusetts Bristol Co. Acushnet ⓘ Acushnet Quarry (P. J. Keating Quarry; Tilcon Capaldi Quarry; Warren Brothers Quarry; Blue Stone Quarry; Old Bluestone Quarry)	[Albite] Cahoon, James C. (2005) Massachusetts: A Classic Swiss Alpine Cleft Mineral Region. modified and updated by Barbara Liebman, Boston Mineral Club News, September, 2005, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Essex Co. Gloucester ⓘ Blackburn Circle locality	[Microcline] P Cristofono collection , 2009
Montana Flathead Co. Hog Heaven Mining District (Flathead Mining District) Kofford Ridge ⓘ Flathead Mine (Hog Heaven Project)	[Sanidine] Ray Lasmanis
New Jersey Sussex County Franklin Mining District Franklin Franklin Mine ⓘ Buckwheat pit (Southwest opening; Buckwheat Mine)	[Microcline] Peters, et al: The Minerals of the Buckwheat Dolomite, Franklin, NJ: Mineralogical Record:14:183-194; Dunn(1995):Pt4:510.
ⓘ Trotter Mine (Lehigh Mine; Trotter Shaft; Trotter Dump)	[Microcline] Palache(1935):16 & 60; Dunn(1995):Pt1:133.
New Mexico Otero Co. ⓘ Orogrande District	[Albite] D.Court collection
Pennsylvania Delaware Co. Middletown Township ⓘ Sharpless' Quarry (Sharpless Quarry)	[Microcline] Gordon, Mineralogy of Pennsylvania, 1922 p. 190
Rhode Island Washington Co. Westerly Bradford ⓘ Sullivan Quarry (Armetta Quarry; Copar Quarry; Westerly Granite Co. Quarry)	[Albite var: Oligoclase] Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, O. D. Hermes, Ed., University of Rhode Island, Kingston
Texas Llano Co. Kingsland Granite Company Quarry (Petrick Quarry) ⓘ Petrick pegmatite	[Microcline] Self-collected by Franklin Roberts.; Arthur Smith, Frank Roberts, Denise Bicknell (2008) Mineral News, 24, #1, 6-7.

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