Brannerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Brannerite
John Casper Branner
Formula:
UTi2O6
Often contains impurities; an older formula is (U4+,REE,Th,Ca)(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)2(O,OH)6.
Colour:
Black, brownish olive-green, yellow-brown to yellow with alteration; yellowish green in transmitted light
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous, Dull
Hardness:
4½ - 5½
Specific Gravity:
4.2 - 5.43
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For Dr. John Casper Branner (4 July 1850, New Market, Tennessee, USA - 1 March 1922, Palo Alto, California, USA), geologist and Professor of Geology and President of Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. He served as president of the Geological Society of America in 1904 and the Seismological Society of America in 1911.
Brannerite-Thorutite Series.
Compare also uranopolycrase and orthobrannerite which, despite the name, is not a polymorph of brannerite.
Compare also uranopolycrase and orthobrannerite which, despite the name, is not a polymorph of brannerite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
754
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:754:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
2c0b05a6-ebe9-4393-846b-569d88a83005
IMA Classification of Brannerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1920
Classification of Brannerite
4.DH.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
H : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
H : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
8.3.4.1
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
7.16.23
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
16 : Oxides of U
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
16 : Oxides of U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bnr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Brn | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Brannerite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Brannerite
Vitreous, Resinous, Dull
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black, brownish olive-green, yellow-brown to yellow with alteration; yellowish green in transmitted light
Streak:
Dark greenish brown to yellowish brown
Hardness:
4½ - 5½ on Mohs scale
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
4.2 - 5.43 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.2 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Brannerite
Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 2.23 - 2.3
Birefringence:
Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:
Very High
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R |
|---|---|
| 400 nm | 13.9% |
| 420 nm | 13.5% |
| 440 nm | 13.1% |
| 460 nm | 12.8% |
| 480 nm | 12.7% |
| 500 nm | 12.5% |
| 520 nm | 12.3% |
| 540 nm | 12.2% |
| 560 nm | 12.1% |
| 580 nm | 12.0% |
| 600 nm | 11.9% |
| 620 nm | 11.8% |
| 640 nm | 11.7% |
| 660 nm | 11.7% |
| 680 nm | 11.6% |
| 700 nm | 11.5% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 13.9%.
Chemistry of Brannerite
Mindat Formula:
UTi2O6
Often contains impurities; an older formula is (U4+,REE,Th,Ca)(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)2(O,OH)6.
Often contains impurities; an older formula is (U4+,REE,Th,Ca)(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)2(O,OH)6.
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ba,Fe,Pb,REE,Si,Sr,Th,Zr
Crystallography of Brannerite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.8123 Å, b = 3.7697 Å, c = 6.9253 Å
β = 118.957°
β = 118.957°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.603 : 1 : 1.837
Unit Cell V:
224.14 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Indistinct prismatic crystals, to 30 cm, some showing an orthogonal prism zone; more typically as rounded, detrital grains and pebbles and as irregular embedded grains and masses.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005188 | Brannerite | Szymanski J T, Scott J D (1982) A crystal structure refinement of synthetic brannerite UTi2O6 and its bearing on rate of alkaline-carbonate leaching of brannerite in ore The Canadian Mineralogist 20 271-280 |  | 1982 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.41 Å | (10) |
| 1.903 Å | (8) |
| 4.73 Å | (6) |
| 3.32 Å | (6) |
| 2.462 Å | (6) |
| 2.276 Å | (6) |
| 1.864 Å | (6) |
Comments:
Recorded on material from Custer Co., Idaho, USA, after recrystallisation in air at 1000 °C
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Geological Setting:
In granite pegmatites and in granitic gneisses; in silicified pebble conglomerates; in hydrothermal quartz and calcite veins; detrital in placers
Type Occurrence of Brannerite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Detrital crystals and grains.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA (Nos. 105793, 114997)
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Detrital material in a gold-bearing placer.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Hess, F.L., Wells, R.C. (1920) Brannerite, a new uranium mineral. Journal of the Franklin Institute: 189: 225-237.
Synonyms of Brannerite
Other Language Names for Brannerite
Varieties of Brannerite
| Absite | A variety of Brannerite containing around 12.7% ThO2. Originally described from Crocker Well (Crocker's Well), Plumbago homestead, Olary Province, South Australia, Australia. |
Relationship of Brannerite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 20 photos of Brannerite associated with Gold | Au |
| 16 photos of Brannerite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 6 photos of Brannerite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 5 photos of Brannerite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 4 photos of Brannerite associated with Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| 4 photos of Brannerite associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
| 4 photos of Brannerite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 4 photos of Brannerite associated with Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| 3 photos of Brannerite associated with Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| 2 photos of Brannerite associated with Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DH. | Fluornatropyrochlore | (Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)2Nb2O6F |
| 4.DH. | Roméite Group | A2(Sb5+)2O6Z |
| 4.DH. | Hydroxykenomicrolite | (◻,Na,Sb3+)2Ta2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH. | Fluornatroroméite | (Na,Ca)2Sb2(O,OH)6F |
| 4.DH. | Oxyplumboroméite | Pb2Sb2O6O |
| 4.DH. | Cesiokenopyrochlore | ◻Nb2(O,OH)6(Cs,◻) |
| 4.DH. | Oxyyttrobetafite-(Y) | Y2Ti2O6O |
| 4.DH.05 | Orthobrannerite | U4+U6+Ti4O12(OH)2 |
| 4.DH.05 | Thorutite | (Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6 |
| 4.DH.10 | Kassite | CaTi2O4(OH)2 |
| 4.DH.10 | Lucasite-(Ce) | CeTi2(O,OH)6 |
| 4.DH.15 va | Alumotungstite | ◻2W2O6(H2O) |
| 4.DH.15 | Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydroplumboelsmoreite | (Pb,◻)(W,Fe3+)2O6 · H2O |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydropyrochlore | (H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O) |
| 4.DH.15 | Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | |
| 4.DH.15 | Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.) | |
| 4.DH.15 | Strontiopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| 4.DH.15 | Fluornatromicrolite | (Na1.5Bi0.5)Ta2O6F |
| 4.DH.15 | Bismutopyrochlore (of Chukanov et al.) | (Bi,Ca,U,Pb)2-xNb2(O,OH)6(OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydrokenoelsmoreite | ◻2W2O6(H2O) |
| 4.DH.15 | Fluorcalciomicrolite | (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6F |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxycalciobetafite | Ca2(Ti,Nb)2O6O |
| 4.DH.15 va | Yttromicrolite (of Hogarth) | (Ca,Y3+,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb,Ti,Fe3+)2O7 |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxynatropyrochlore | (Na,Ca,U)2Nb2O6(O,OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydroxycalciopyrochlore | (Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Fluorcalciopyrochlore | (Ca,Na)2(Nb, Ti)2O6F |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxycalciopyrochlore | Ca2Nb2O6O |
| 4.DH.15 | Fluorstrontiopyrochlore | (Sr,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6F |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxyplumbopyrochlore | Pb2Nb2O6O |
| 4.DH.15 | Kenoplumbopyrochlore | (Pb,◻)Nb2O6(◻,O) |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y) | (Y,◻)2Nb2O6O |
| 4.DH.15 | Fluorkenopyrochlore | (◻,Sr,Ce,Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxyuranobetafite | (U,Ca,◻)2(Ti,Nb)2O6O |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxycalciomicrolite | Ca2Ta2O6O |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxystannomicrolite | Sn2Ta2O6O |
| 4.DH.15 | Kenoplumbomicrolite | (Pb,◻)2Ta2O6(◻,OH,O) |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxystibiomicrolite | (Sb3+,Ca)2Ta2O6O |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydromicrolite | (H2O,◻)2Ta2(O,OH)6(H2O) |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydrokenomicrolite | (◻,H2O)2Ta2(O,OH)6(H2O) |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydroxymanganopyrochlore | (Mn2+,Th,Na,Ca,REE)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydroxycalciomicrolite | Ca1.5Ta2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Fluorplumbopyrochlore | (Pb,Y,Th,U,Na,Ca)2-x(Nb,Ti)2O6F |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydroxyplumbopyrochlore | (Pb1.5◻0.5)Nb2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxynatromicrolite | (Na,Ca,U)2(Ta,Nb)2O6(O,F) |
| 4.DH.15 | Fluorhydropyrochlore | |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydroxykenoelsmoreite | (◻,Pb)2(W,Fe3+,Al)2(O,OH)6(OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydrokenopyrochlore | (◻,x)2Nb2O6(H2O,Cs) |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydroxykenopyrochlore | (◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F) |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydroxynatropyrochlore | (Na,Ca,Ce)2Nb2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Hydroxynatromicrolite | (Na,Bi3+,◻)2Ta2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Hydroxymanganopyrochlor) | (Mn,Ca,Y)2(Sb,Ti)2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.15 | Oxybismutomicrolite | (Bi1.33◻0.67)Σ2Ta2O6O |
| 4.DH.20 | Bindheimite | Pb2Sb2O6O |
| 4.DH.20 | Hydroxycalcioroméite | (Ca,Sb3+)2(Sb5+,Ti)2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.20 | Monimolite | Pb2Sb5+2O7 |
| 4.DH.20 | Cuproroméite | Cu2Sb2(O,OH)7 |
| 4.DH.20 | Stetefeldtite | Ag2Sb2(O,OH)7 |
| 4.DH.20 | Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.20 | Fluorcalcioroméite | (Ca,Na,◻)2Sb5+2(O,OH)6F |
| 4.DH.20 | Oxycalcioroméite | Ca2Sb2O6O |
| 4.DH.20 | Hydroxyferroroméite | (Fe2+1.5◻0.5)Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| 4.DH.25 | Rosiaite | PbSb5+2O6 |
| 4.DH.30 | Zirconolite | CaZrTi2O7 |
| 4.DH.30 | Laachite | (Ca,Mn)2Zr2Nb2TiFeO14 |
| 4.DH.30 | Nöggerathite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14 |
| 4.DH.30 | Stefanweissite | (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14 |
| 4.DH.35 | Liandratite | U(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| 4.DH.35 | Petscheckite | UFe(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| 4.DH.40 | Ingersonite | Ca3Mn2+Sb5+4O14 |
| 4.DH.45 | Pittongite | Na0.22(W,Fe3+)(O,OH)3 · 0.44H2O |
| 4.DH.50 | Tazzoliite | Ba4-xNaxTi2Nb3SiO17[PO2(OH)2]x(OH)(1-2x) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
Radioactive
Internet Links for Brannerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-754.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Brannerite
Reference List:
(1958) Systematic mineralogy of uranium and thorium. Bulletin Vol. 1064. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1064 pp.333-337
IMA (1967) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (277) 131-136 doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.277.20
Localities for Brannerite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
Australia | |
| Drake-Brockman (1995) |
| Angela Giblin (2004) |
| Econ Geol (1987) | |
| Andy Wilde et al. (2013) |
| Andy Wilde et al. (2013) | |
| Andy Wilde et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
| Mineralium Deposita 44 (2009) +2 other references | |
| Chipley et al. (2007) | |
| Williams et al. (2005) |
| "Uranium mineralisation in the ... +2 other references |
| Coats & Blissett 1971 |
| Regional and Economic Geology of The ... |
| |
| Brugger et al. (2006) |
| American Mineralogist: 46: 12-25. |
| Griessmann (2011) |
| Anthony (1997) |
| [var: Absite] USGS Open File Report 81-1666 +1 other reference |
| |
| Lottermoser |
| USGS Open File Report 81-1666 +4 other references |
| [var: Absite] Noble 1983 +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Douglas et al. (2011) |
| Mineralogy and Genesis of the Trench ... +3 other references |
Austria | |
| |
| Auer (2019) |
| Michael Waitzinger et al. (2021) |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 158./78.:96-101 (1968) | |
| PUTZ et al. (2005) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| collection of Martin Slama | |
| KOLITSCH (2008) |
| Walter (2010) | |
| Walter (2010) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Paar et al. (1978) |
| Paar et al. (1978) +1 other reference | |
| Steinwender et al. (2014) |
| BRANDSTÄTTER F. (2004) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| Walter (2010) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Bernhard et al. (2006) |
| Postl et al. (1985) +2 other references |
| Gerald Gesselbauer (2010) | |
| Gerald Gesselbauer (2010) | |
| Weber et al. (1997) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
Belgium | |
| Dejonghe et al. (1982) +2 other references |
Bolivia | |
| SEM analysis by Tony Nikischer |
Brazil | |
| Pires et al. (2014) |
| Waber et al. (1992) |
| Waber et al. (1992) |
| Beurlen et al. (2008) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Anthony (1997) |
| Robertson (1976) |
| Robertson (1976) +1 other reference | |
| MDI Number: MDI41J07NE00035 | |
| MDI Number: MDI41J07NE00002 |
| Robertson (1976) | |
| MDI Number: MDI41J07NE00004 |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern ... | |
| MDI Number: MDI41J07NE00008 | |
| Robertson (1976) | |
| MDI Number: MDI41J07NE00012 | |
| Robertson (1976) |
| Stacey et al. (1974) |
| MDI Number: MDI31C16SW00142 |
| www.ursamajorminerals.com (2022) |
| H.D. Meyn and M.K. Matthews (1980) |
| SASSANO et al. (1987) |
| Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences et al. (11) +2 other references |
| Hunt et al. (2005) |
| Hunt et al. (2005) | |
| Hunt et al. (2005) | |
China | |
| Xin Xiong et al. (2013) |
| Diyun Chen et al. (1995) |
| Orberger et al. (2005) |
| Guangyin Shen (2011) |
| Yingxia Xu et al. (2006) |
| Wei-Dong Xiang et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Hongtao Li et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000) +1 other reference | |
| Linfei Qiu et al. (2012) +1 other reference | |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) +2 other references | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000) |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) +2 other references | |
| Chengfa Wang (1984) | |
| Yingchen Ren et al. (1986) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) | |
| Huang et al. (2022) |
| Zhang et al. (2022) |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| National Geological Archives of China ... | |
| Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) |
| Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) | |
| Deyin Wang (1986) | |
| Zhou Weixun et al. (2004) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) | |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) | |
Czech Republic | |
| Fiala |
| René et al. (2017) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Kolektiv autorů (1984) +2 other references |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) +2 other references |
Egypt | |
| Bisher (2012) |
Finland | |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ... +1 other reference |
| Vuorelainen | |
| Economic Geology (1996) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
France | |
| J. Geffroy |
| - (1998) |
| MICHELIN et al. (2013) |
| Michelin et al. (2013) | |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2000) | |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2000) |
| De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000) | |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2008) |
| "Les minéraux et al. (1977) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
Germany | |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Seeliger et al. (1965) +1 other reference | |
Greece | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Guyana | |
| Alexandre (2010) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
India | |
| Dipak C. Pal et al. (2011) |
| Current Science |
| Nanda et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Baidya |
| Baidya et al. (2) +1 other reference | |
| Baidya | |
| Baidya | |
| Baidya | |
Ireland | |
| Ryback et al. (1988) |
| Ryback et al. (1988) |
Italy | |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
| Bull. Minéral. |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2005) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Ishihara and Kawachi (1959) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) | |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) | |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Mali | |
| Randabel et al. (2018) |
Mongolia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Morocco | |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
| Favreau et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Favreau et al. (2006) | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Lebedev et al. (2019) | |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
North Macedonia | |
| Baric (1965) |
Norway | |
| Van Autenboer et al. (1957) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Viola et al. (2008) |
| Svein (1988) +1 other reference |
| Grønlie et al. (1969) |
| Kvamsdal et al. (2006) |
| Neumann (1985) |
Poland | |
| Oligóra et al. (2012) |
| Lis et al. (1965) +2 other references |
| Piestrzyński et al. (2012) | |
| Kucha H. | |
| Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ... +2 other references | |
| Kucha (2021) +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| Zajzon et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Rădulescu |
Russia | |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Zhmodik et al. (2023) |
| webmineral.ru (2016) |
| Golubev et al. (2008) |
| Golubev et al. (2008) |
| Solodov et al. (2006) |
| Karpov S.M. et al. (2012) +2 other references |
| Kalinin (2021) +1 other reference |
| Kravtsova et al. (2002) |
| |
| Koval et al. (2019) |
| A.Ya. Kochetkov (2006) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Leontev et al. (2017) | |
| Malkovsky et al. (2010) |
| Laverov et al. (2008) | |
Slovakia | |
| Kopáčik R. (2019) |
| Háber et al. (SGR) |
| Pauliš P. | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) +1 other reference |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Ferenc Š. et al. (2017) |
| Donát A. |
| Slavkay et al. (2004) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Rojkovič I. (1991) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
South Africa | |
| D. Pienaar et al. (2015) |
| Econ Geol (1986) |
| Fuchs et al. (2017) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Nedachi et al. (1998) | |
South Korea | |
| Cheong et al. (2003) |
| Shin et al. (2016) |
Spain | |
| Anthony (1997) |
| Calvo (2009) |
| J.M. Charlet : "Découverte d'indices uranifères à l'extrémité orientale du Massif de la Maladeta (Pyrénées Centrales Espagnoles) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2009) |
Sweden | |
| |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Bächtiger (1963) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Graeser et al. (1990) |
| |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) |
Thailand | |
| amdis.bgl.esdm.go.id (2016) |
Togo | |
| Joppich (1979) |
UK | |
| Tindle (2008) | |
Ukraine | |
| Dudar et al. (2018) |
| Dudar et al. (2018) | |
| Poliakovska et al. (2023) |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Cuney et al. (2012) |
| Dudar et al. (2018) | |
| AV et al. (2011) | |
| Dudar et al. (2018) | |
| Cuney et al. (2012) | |
| O.F.Makivchuk et al. (2006) |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony (1997) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 180. +3 other references |
| Pabst (1960) +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 180. +3 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Ferris et al. (1971) | |
| Dings et al. (1957) +1 other reference |
| USGS Open-File Report 80-661 +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Rocks &Min.: 70 (4) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology ... +2 other references |
| Charles Young collection |
| NMBMMR Bull 81 Summary of the Mineral ... +1 other reference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Anthony (1997) |
| Huntting (1957) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) |
Zambia | |
| Cox et al. (2003) |
| USGS Open File Report 81-1666 | |
| Kampunzu et al. (2009) +2 other references |
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Dieresis Mine, El Cabril, Sierra Albarrana, Hornachuelos, Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain