Brandtite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Brandtite
Formula:
Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Colour:
Colourless, white, pink; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
3.67
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Adolph Erik Nordenskiöld in 1888 in honor of Swedish chemist Georg Brandt [June 26, 1694 Riddarhyttan, Sweden - April 29, 1768 Stockholm, Sweden]. Brandt was the discoverer of cobalt. Weeks (1960) cited an obituary of Georg Brandt and Anton von Swab written by Carl von Linne: "The kingdom and our sciences have now lost in a single year two stars of the first magnitude, Brandt and Svab. The Bureau of Mines and the science of mining have lost their supporting pillars. Men such as these never spring up like mushrooms. So far as I know, Europe has none like them. ... A king can lose an army, but within a year have another just as good. A king can lose a fleet and within two years have another rigged up, but a Brandt and a Svab cannot be gotten again during his entire reign"
Dimorph of:
Isostructural with:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
753
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:753:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
7f512110-702a-4659-b0ee-9b2ec7117566
IMA Classification of Brandtite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Brandtite
8.CG.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1
40.2.3.2
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O
20.8.14
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
8 : Arsenates of Mn
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
8 : Arsenates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bdt | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Brandtite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, white, pink; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {010}, perfect.
On {010}, perfect.
Density:
3.67 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.7 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Brandtite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.707 - 1.709 nβ = 1.711 nγ = 1.724 - 1.729
2V:
Measured: 22° to 24°, Calculated: 38° to 60°
Birefringence:
0.018
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.017 - 0.020
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Chemistry of Brandtite
Mindat Formula:
Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Crystallography of Brandtite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.899 Å, b = 12.968 Å, c = 5.684 Å
β = 108.05°
β = 108.05°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.455 : 1 : 0.438
Unit Cell V:
413.42 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals stout prismatic [001]. {100} striated [001]. Frequently grouped into radiated groups. Rounded or reniform masses with a radial-fibrous structure.
Twinning:
On {100}, common.
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006117 | Brandtite | Herwig S, Hawthorne F C (2006) The topology of hydrogen bonding in brandtite, collinsite and fairfieldite The Canadian Mineralogist 44 1181-1196 |  | 2006 | Harstig mine, Harstigen, Sweden | 0 | 293 |
| 0012042 | Brandtite | Dahlman B (1952) The crystal structures of krohnkite, CuNa2(SO4)2*2H2O and brandtite, MnCa2(AsO4)2*2H2O Arkiv for Mineralogi och Geologi 1 339-366 | 1952 | Harstigen mine, Sweden | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.482 Å | (25) |
| 5.151 Å | (20) |
| 4.993 Å | (10) |
| 4.403 Å | (10) |
| 4.237 Å | (10) |
| 3.790 Å | (20) |
| 3.424 Å | (30) |
| 3.373 Å | (55) |
| 3.294 Å | (5) |
| 3.241 Å | (70) |
| 3.178 Å | (5) |
| 3.010 Å | (100) |
| 2.799 Å | (5) |
| 2.736 Å | (5) |
| 2.700 Å | (5) |
| 2.642 Å | (5) |
| 2.345 Å | (5) |
| 2.271 Å | (15) |
| 2.192 Å | (5) |
| 2.154 Å | (5) |
| 2.118 Å | (5) |
| 2.072 Å | (5) |
| 1.949 Å | (5) |
| 1.926 Å | (5) |
| 1.899 Å | (10) |
| 1.874 Å | (5) |
| 1.824 Å | (5) |
| 1.735 Å | (10) |
| 1.716 Å | (5) |
Comments:
ICDD 29-348
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Brandtite
Other Language Names for Brandtite
Relationship of Brandtite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Dobšináite | Ca2Ca(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Kröhnkite | Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Roselite | Ca2Co(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Rruffite | Ca2Cu(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Unnamed (Fe2+-analogue of Brandtite) | Ca2Fe2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | |
| Wendwilsonite | Ca2Mg(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Zincroselite | Ca2Zn(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 23 photos of Brandtite associated with Caryopilite | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 16 photos of Brandtite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 14 photos of Brandtite associated with Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 14 photos of Brandtite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 7 photos of Brandtite associated with Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| 6 photos of Brandtite associated with Sarkinite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 4 photos of Brandtite associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 2 photos of Brandtite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 2 photos of Brandtite associated with Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| 2 photos of Brandtite associated with Manganese Oxides |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.CG. | Ca-Huréaulite | CaMn5(PO4)4 · 4H2O |
| 8.CG. | Fluckite | CaMn2+(AsO3OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG. | Dondoellite | Ca2Fe(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG. | Alumolukrahnite | Ca[CuAl](AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2 |
| 8.CG.05 | Cassidyite | Ca2Ni(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.05 | Collinsite | Ca2Mg(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.05 | Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.05 | Gaitite | Ca2Zn(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.05 | Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.05 | Parabrandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.05 | Anorthoroselite | Ca2Co(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.05 | Talmessite | Ca2Mg(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.05 | Hillite | Ca2Zn(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.05 | Unnamed (Fe2+-analogue of Parabrandtite) | Ca2Fe2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.10 | Roselite | Ca2Co(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.10 | Wendwilsonite | Ca2Mg(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.10 | Zincroselite | Ca2Zn(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.10 | Rruffite | Ca2Cu(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.10 | Unnamed (Fe2+-analogue of Brandtite) | Ca2Fe2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Ferrilotharmeyerite | CaZnFe3+(AsO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Lotharmeyerite | CaZn2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Mawbyite | PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.CG.15 | Mounanaite | PbFe3+2(VO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.CG.15 | Thometzekite | PbCu2+2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Tsumcorite | PbZn2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Cobaltlotharmeyerite | CaCo2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Cabalzarite | CaMg2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Krettnichite | PbMn3+2(VO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.CG.15 | Cobalttsumcorite | PbCo2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Nickellotharmeyerite | CaNi2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Manganlotharmeyerite | CaMn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.CG.15 | Schneebergite | BiCo2(AsO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Nickelschneebergite | BiNi2(AsO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Yancowinnaite | PbCuAl(AsO4)2OH · H2O |
| 8.CG.15 | Nickeltsumcorite | Pb(Ni,Fe3+)2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2 |
| 8.CG.15 | Magnesiofluckite | CaMg(AsO3OH)2(H2O)2 |
| 8.CG.20 | Gartrellite | PbCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 8.CG.20 | Helmutwinklerite | PbZn2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.20 | Zincgartrellite | PbZn2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2 |
| 8.CG.20 | Rappoldite | PbCo2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.20 | Phosphogartrellite | PbCuFe3+(PO4)2(OH,H2O)2 |
| 8.CG.20 | Lukrahnite | CaCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)2 |
| 8.CG.25 | Pottsite | (Pb3xBi4-2x)(VO4)4 · H2O (0.8 < x < 1.0) |
| 8.CG.25 | Armellinoite-(Ce) | Ca4Ce4+(AsO4)4 · H2O |
| 8.CG.35 | Nickeltalmessite | Ca2Ni(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CG.55 | Irhtemite | Ca4Mg(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 4H2O |
Fluorescence of Brandtite
Not known to be fluorescent.
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Fuses somewhat easily to a brown bead. In a closed tube it gives off water without decrepitation.
Notes:
Soluble in dilute acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Brandtite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-753.html
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References for Brandtite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.50
Wolfe, C. W. (1940) Classification of minerals of the type A3(XO4)2·nH2O. American Mineralogist, 25 (11) 738-753 p.750
Localities for Brandtite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2017) |
Chile | |
| "Cuadrángulo Quebrada Paipote" +3 other references |
| "Cuadrángulo Los Loros" +3 other references | |
| maurizio dini collection - quantitative ... |
Czech Republic | |
| [Lapis 1995 |
France | |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| Pélisson et al. (1987) |
Germany | |
| Lorenz (1991) |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
Greece | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
Italy | |
| Castellaro et al. (2021) |
| Balestra (2016) |
| Balestra et al. (UK report) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Japan | |
| R. Marumoto collection +2 other references |
Kazakhstan | |
| Evseev (1995) |
| Frank Dzubeck |
Slovakia | |
| Martin Števko & Pavol Myšľan |
South Africa | |
| - (1991) |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Langhof (2003) | |
| NRM collection # 250111 +1 other reference | |
| Mineralogical Record: 8: 517 +4 other references |
| Nysten (2020) |
Switzerland | |
| Geiger (1948) |
UK | |
| |
USA | |
| Mineralogical Record: 13: 36 +3 other references |
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Fuchs Quarry, Hartkoppe, Sailauf, Aschaffenburg District, Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany