Lepidocrocite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Lepidocrocite
Formula:
γ-Fe3+O(OH)
Colour:
Deep red, red-brown
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.05 - 4.13
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
From the Greek λεπίς, scale, and κροκη, thread, in allusion to the occasional palmate or plumose aggregates.
Polymorph of:
Dimorphous with Goethite.
May be a component of limonite.
Note: The red inclusions in many quartz crystals, often labelled by sellers as "lepidocrocite", are in fact normally hematite. We are unaware of any analytically confirmed red translucent scaly lepidocrocite as inclusions in quartz crystals. Likewise, colourfully iridescent mammillary "turgite" crusts are sometimes sold as "lepidocrocite" but are usually goethite.
May be a component of limonite.
Note: The red inclusions in many quartz crystals, often labelled by sellers as "lepidocrocite", are in fact normally hematite. We are unaware of any analytically confirmed red translucent scaly lepidocrocite as inclusions in quartz crystals. Likewise, colourfully iridescent mammillary "turgite" crusts are sometimes sold as "lepidocrocite" but are usually goethite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2379
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2379:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
d90172fa-4482-4965-a73c-a0c92433b690
IMA Classification of Lepidocrocite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe3+O(OH)
Classification of Lepidocrocite
4.FE.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
6.1.2.2
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)
7.20.8
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Lpc | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Lpc | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
| Lpc | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Lepidocrocite
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Deep red, red-brown
Streak:
Orange
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010}; {100} less perfect; {001} good.
{010}; {100} less perfect; {001} good.
Density:
4.05 - 4.13 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.96 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Lepidocrocite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.940 nβ = 2.200 nγ = 2.510
2V:
Measured: 83° , Calculated: 84°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.570
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Anisotropism:
Strong
Dispersion:
relatively weak
Colour in reflected light:
Gray-white
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = b = clear yellow
Y = c = dark red-orange
Z = a = darker red-orange
Y = c = dark red-orange
Z = a = darker red-orange
Chemistry of Lepidocrocite
Mindat Formula:
γ-Fe3+O(OH)
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mn
Crystallography of Lepidocrocite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mm2 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
Cmc21
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.07 Å, b = 12.54 Å, c = 3.88 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.245 : 1 : 0.309
Unit Cell V:
149.37 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Flattened scales {010} and slightly elongated [100]. {010} sometimes striated [100]. Single crystals attached by an edge to matrix; aggregated into palmate or plumose groups. Loose rosettes; massive, bladed to fibrous or micaceous. Fibrous varieties elongated [100].
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0011833 | Lepidocrocite | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 290-295 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0020687 | Lepidocrocite | Christensen A N, Lehmann M S, Convert P (1982) Deuteration of crystalline hydroxides. Hydrogen bonds of gamma-AlOO(H,D) and gamma-FeOO(H,D) Acta Chemica Scandinavica A 36 303-308 | 1982 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0020688 | Lepidocrocite | Christensen A N, Lehmann M S, Convert P (1982) Deuteration of crystalline hydroxides. Hydrogen bonds of gamma-AlOO(H,D) and gamma-FeOO(H,D) Acta Chemica Scandinavica A 36 303-308 | 1982 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0017984 | Lepidocrocite | Goldsztaub M (1935) Etude de quelques derives de l'oxyde ferrique (Fe O.OH, FeO2Na, FeOCl) determination de leurs structures. _cod_database_code 1011088 Bulletin de la Societe Francaise de Mineralogie 58 6-6 | 1935 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0020690 | Lepidocrocite | Zhukhlistov A P (2001) Crystal structure of lepidocrocite FeO(OH) from the electron-diffractometry data Crystallography Reports 46 730-733 | 2001 | natural but not given | 0 | 293 | |
| 0017932 | Lepidocrocite | Ewing F (1935) The Crystal Structure of Lepidocrocite _cod_database_code 1011026 Journal of Chemical Physics 3 420-424 | 1935 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.26 Å | (100) |
| 3.29 Å | (90) |
| 2.47 Å | (80) |
| 1.937 Å | (70) |
| 1.732 Å | (40) |
| 1.524 Å | (40) |
| 1.075 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] | |
| 47i : [Terrestrial weathering of meteorites] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 48 : Soil leaching zone minerals | <0.6 |
| 49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44) | <0.54 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 57 : Other minerals formed by human processes |
Type Occurrence of Lepidocrocite
Synonyms of Lepidocrocite
Other Language Names for Lepidocrocite
Czech:Lepidokrokit
French:Lépidocrocite
Italian:Lepidocrocite
Japanese:鱗鉄鉱
Polish:Lepidokrokit
Portuguese:Lepidocrocite
Russian:Лепидокрокит
Simplified Chinese:纤铁矿
Slovak:Lepidokrokit
Spanish:Lepidocrocita
Pyrrhosiderita
Pyrrhosiderita
Varieties of Lepidocrocite
| Hydrolepidocrocite | Lepidocrocite with adsorbed water. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 120 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| 34 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 30 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Amethyst | SiO2 |
| 29 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 25 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Wad | |
| 23 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Cryptomelane | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| 18 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 17 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 14 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Limonite | |
| 13 photos of Lepidocrocite associated with Alunite Supergroup | AD3(XO4)2(OH)6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FE.05 | Amakinite | Fe2+(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Theophrastite | Ni(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.10 | Bayerite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.10 | Doyleite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.10 | Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.10 | Nordstrandite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.15 | Böhmite | AlO(OH) |
| 4.FE.20 | Grimaldiite | CrO(OH) |
| 4.FE.20 | Heterogenite | Co3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.25 | Feitknechtite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.25 | Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.30 | Quenselite | PbMnO2(OH) |
| 4.FE.35 | Ferrihydrite | Fe3+10O14(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.40 | Feroxyhyte | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.40 | Vernadite | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| 4.FE.45 | Quetzalcoatlite | Zn6Cu3(TeO6)2(OH)6 · AgxPbyClx+2y |
| 4.FE.50 | Fuettererite | Pb3Cu2+6Te6+O6(OH)7Cl5 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Lepidocrocite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2379.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Lepidocrocite
Reference List:
Christensen, Henrik, Christensen, A. Nørlund, Turpeinen, Urho, Andresen, Arne F., Smidsrød, Olav, Pontchour, Cha-On, Phavanantha, Pathana, Pramatus, Supanich, Cyvin, Bjørg N., Cyvin, Sven J. (1978) Hydrogen Bonds of gamma-FeOOH. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 32. 87-88 doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.32a-0087
Localities for Lepidocrocite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Andorra | |
| Valenti Turu and Michels (1992) |
Angola | |
| Beleque (2010) |
Arctic Ocean | |
| Kravchishina et al. (2023) |
| Kravchishina et al. (2023) | |
Argentina | |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
| de Brodtkorb +2 other references |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Bogdanov et al. (2008) |
| Bogdanov et al. (2008) | |
| Bonatti et al. (1976) | |
| Firstova et al. (2022) |
| Fouquet et al. (1993) | |
| Lalou et al. (1993) | |
| Fouquet Y et al. (1993) | |
Australia | |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| The Daydream Mine |
| Megirian (1998) |
| Grondijs +1 other reference |
| Sielecki (1988) | |
| Queensland Government Department of ... |
| Francis et al. (1981) |
| Peter Elliott |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Judy Rowe collection |
| Dunkan +4 other references |
Austria | |
| P. Pavlicek (1998) |
| N. Zadorlaky-Stettner: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte 107 (10) |
| European Journal of Mineralogy 17 (1) |
| |
| Auer & Kolitsch (2017) |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 157./77.:89-90 (1967) |
| Groß (1983) |
| H. Meixner: 32 (3) | |
| |
| |
| Puttner (1987) | |
| G. Blass (2000) | |
| |
| A.Pichler (2003) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Pichler (2003) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| R. Hasler Collection |
| Walter (1998) |
| Ucik et al. (1970) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Bergbau in Osttkärnten (Pichler 2003) |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 148./68.:9-15 (1958) |
| |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| |
| Knobloch (2007) |
| Pusch et al. (2013) |
| Ertl (2002) |
| C.Auer (2019) |
| Schillhammer collection |
| Auer (2023) | |
| Winkler (2003) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kirchner et al. (2007) |
| Baier et al. (2021) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Friedrich (1969) |
| Seemann (1993) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2000) |
| Bojar (1996) |
| Auer (2021) |
| G.Gesselbauer (2020) | |
| MEIXNER (1958) |
| Kolitsch (2013) |
| P. Tomazic et al. (2012) |
| C.Auer (2020) | |
| Postl et al. (1998) |
| Postl (2013) |
| G.Gesselbauer (2020) |
| Bernhard (2015) |
| Auer (2023) |
| Offenbacher et al. (2015) |
| Dr.Heinz Weninger (1982) |
| Taucher (1993) |
| - (Pitztal, Tirol) +1 other reference |
| IRIS database of Geological Survey ... |
| SCHULZ (1977) |
| Vavtar (1977) |
| Schulz et al. (1970) |
| Steiner et al. (2007) |
| Vavtar (1977) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Exel (1982) |
| Wenger (1979) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Schulz (1984) +1 other reference |
| E. Kirchner |
| J.G.Haditsch et al. (Lagerstätten fester mineralischer Rohstoffe in Österreich und ihre Bedeutung. Herausgeber: Bundesministerium für Handel, Gewerbe und Industrie, Wien 1979, Seite 5 – 45.) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
Belarus | |
| Levitskiy et al. (2018, July) |
Belgium | |
| Ottenburgs et al. (1998) |
| Hatert et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| van Tassel et al. (1979) |
| BLONDIEAU M. et al. (2017) |
| Loeber (2005) +1 other reference |
| |
| Blondieau (2012) |
| Hatert et al. (2002) |
Bolivia | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| - (2002) |
| Zucolotto et al. (2001) |
| Santos (2012) |
| Waber (1991) |
| Piló et al. (2023) |
| 531 p +6 other references |
| Gilg et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
Bulgaria | |
| I. Kostov et al. (1964) |
| Petrov et al. (xxxx) +1 other reference |
| ATANASSOVA +1 other reference |
Cambodia | |
| Montgomery (n.d.) | |
Canada | |
| Canadian Museum of Nature collection ... |
| Peatfield (n.d.) | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) | |
| Roberts et al. (1980) |
| MONCUR et al. (2015) |
| Walker et al. (2009) |
| Walker et al. (2009) |
| Walker et al. (2009) | |
| Sabina (1965) |
| Izawa et al. (2011) |
| 162-165. +1 other reference |
| 166-175. +2 other references |
Chile | |
| Rull et al. (2004) |
China | |
| Zhichao Chu (1982) +1 other reference |
| Jiajun Liu et al. (2010) |
| Lin Jun (2006) |
| Xinyu Cao and Tongjiang Tang (1986) |
| Kehua Yin (2009) |
| Gao et al. (2021) |
| Fushan Wang (1991) |
| Fushan Wang (1991) | |
| Chen et al. (2022) |
| Xuexiang Gu et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Yi-Li et al. (2023) |
| Econ Geol (1994) |
| Youren Hua and Zhiguo Hu (1980) |
| Ruheng Fang and Yafan Zhang (1983) |
| Kai Zhang and Yongdong Shi (2000) |
| Lu et al. (2023) |
| Wang et al. (2022) |
| Jiannian Zeng (1991) |
| Quan Liu (2003) +1 other reference |
| Xiaoqiang Hu et al. (2001) |
| Liangju Zhang et al. (2008) |
| Guosheng Feng et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Yiyun Wang et al. (2012) |
| Zhusen Yang et al. (2009) |
| Haibin Zhao and Jiemei Li (2012) |
| Lianchang Zhang et al. (2004) |
| Minghua Zheng et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Feng Liu et al. (2009) |
| Bingyu Zhu et al. (2010) |
| Zhuan Tao et al. (2002) |
| Jiajun Liu et al. (2010) |
| Hongzhang Dai et al. (2014) |
| Zhang et al. (2022) |
Croatia | |
| Šoštarić (2009) |
Czech Republic | |
| RÜSENBERG et al. (1996) |
| Fojt |
| Fojt | |
| Fojt (A) | |
| Matýsek D. (Outer Western Carpathians) |
| Sejkora (1994) |
| Fojt et al. (1994) |
| Kuttna +1 other reference |
| Fojt |
| Ordynec |
Egypt | |
| S. Tosson et al. |
| Feteha et al. (2022) |
Fiji | |
| Naden +1 other reference |
Finland | |
| Vartiainen |
France | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| Queneau (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| |
| Coueille (1988) |
| Personally collected by Yves MOUREY in ... |
| Gourault et al. (2021) |
| Yves Mourey Collection |
| |
| Collective (2007) | |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Chauris (2014) |
| ... |
| Pillard F. et al. (1985) |
| Le Roc'h P. () |
| Martaud et al. (2004) |
| Fiche BSS BRGM n° 11183X4002/GT |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Wittern |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Podwojewski et al. (1996) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| J.-P. Bourgarel collection. EDS by the ... |
| Inventaire Minéralogique de la France Numéro 14 ( Lozère ) |
| Guitard (2010) |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Chollet Pascal collection - Obtained ... |
| GAYRAUD (2010) +1 other reference |
| Queneau (n.d.) | |
| Bernadi et al. (2014) |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| Belot (1978) | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| Pierrot et al. (1972) |
| Pierrot et al. (1972) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
Germany | |
| Lapis 21 (12) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| [Wittern (1995) |
| Gröbner et al. (2005) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Frenzel (1953) |
| Grimm (1989) |
| Lorenz (2003) |
| Hock et al. (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
| www.berthold-weber.de (2001) |
| Dill et al. (2010) | |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski | |
| Lapis (10) |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Gerstenberg et al. (2017) |
| Magma 1984 (2) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dana 7:I:644 & II:760 |
| Weiß (1990) |
| in the collection of Joachim Esche |
| Mineralienwelt.de +2 other references |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Stefan Koch Collection |
| Gerhard Möhn collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| |
| Hotze (1989) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
| D. Pawlowski: "Mineralfundstellen im Sauerland" (Munich) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Prüfer (2007) |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Bender et al. (1994) |
| Mineralien-Welt 19 (1) |
| Matthias Reinhardt (2011) |
| 54 +1 other reference | |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Johannes Markus Henrich +2 other references |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Dana 7:I:644. |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Reinhardt et al. (2016) | |
| Lapis 33 (2) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Hucko et al. (2009) |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Weiß (1990) |
| found by FdW |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Golze (2013) |
| Remmert (2023) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Kratzsch et al. (2006) |
| Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen et al. (Munich) |
| King (n.d.) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Golze +3 other references | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Emser Hefte 1987 (4) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Rolf Golze +2 other references |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| found by Frank de Wit |
| Lapis 2001 (6) |
| Lapis (5) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Mineralien Welt 1/93:14 +1 other reference | |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Lapis (5) |
| Lapis (9) |
| Marcus Voigt Collection | |
| Lapis (3) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| P Haas collection |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Burkhardt (2010) |
| Dana 7:I:644. |
| Th.Lühr collection |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Lapis (4) |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference |
| Hajek (2010) |
| Mineralien-Welt (2) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Tröger (2012) |
| www.vogtlandkristall.de (2020) |
| BLAß et al. (1995) |
| Scheven et al. (2022) |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| |
| Branko Rieck | |
| Gröbner et al. (2002) |
| 40 (in German) +2 other references | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
| Andrew P. Fornadel et al. (2011) |
| Vavelidis et al. (1997) | |
| Vavelidis et al. (1997) | |
| Vavelidis et al. (1997) | |
| Papadakis (1975) |
| Antike Edel-undBuntmetallgewinnung auf ... |
| Kilias et al. (2001) |
Greenland | |
| Petersen (1995) |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
Hungary | |
| Kovács et al. (2003) |
| Csaba Papp collection | |
| Elsholtz et al. (1974) |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Szakáll - Gatter: Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll & Jánosi (1996) |
India | |
| Ramakrishna et al. (1995) |
| Prichard et al. (2018) |
Indonesia | |
| Božidar Zalokar (1990) |
Iran | |
| Nezafati et al. (2005) |
| www.fos.ut.ac.ir (2004) |
Ireland | |
| de Haller |
| Balassone et al. (2008) |
| Dr Richard Unitt Collection |
| Balassone et al. (2008) |
Italy | |
| Putzolu et al. (2018) |
| · Seveke (1986/1987) |
| Larocca (2012) |
| Mondillo N. et al. (2011) |
| Adorni et al. (2010) |
| Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di ... +1 other reference |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (3) |
| Carbone et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Martini et al. (2012) |
| Martini et al. (2012) | |
| Raccagni (2018) |
| Parola et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Barresi et al. (2003) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Brizio et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Bianco et al. (2006) |
| Ara D. et al. (2013) |
| Moldovan et al. (2013) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1989) |
| Preite et al. (2007) |
| Mair (1996) |
| Ferretti et al. (2017) |
| Biagioni C. et al. (2016) |
| Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI (GR) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. |
| Biagioni et al. (2013) |
| Bonifazi (2020) |
| Marco Bonifazi find & collection +1 other reference | |
| Benvenuti et al. (2000) |
| Orlandi et al. (2005) |
| Boscardin et al. (2014) |
| Domenico Saccardo et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Osakabe et al. (1983) |
| Nambu et al (1979) |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan) | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Yamada (2004) |
Jordan | |
| Khoury et al. (1982) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Rudmin +7 other references |
Madagascar | |
| Pezzotta (1996) |
| Pezzotta (1999) |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2012) |
Mexico | |
| Forti (2006) |
| Moore et al. (2003) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| www.mindat.org (n.d.) |
Middle East | |
| Gross (1977) | |
Morocco | |
| Pršek et al. (2020) |
| Pršek et al. (2020) |
Namibia | |
| - (See Hematite.) |
| von Seckendorff et al. (2000) |
| Gebhard (1999) |
| Golden et al. (1995) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Netherlands | |
| T.G. Nijland |
| T.G. Nijland | |
| T.G. Nijland |
| T.G. Nijland |
New Zealand | |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Courtney et al. (1990) |
| Moore (1979) |
| L. D. Swindale & I. R. Hughes (1968) | |
North Macedonia | |
| Boev et al. (1993) |
Norway | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-3621 ( Ex Harald Folvik collection) |
| Nilsen et al. (1972) |
| Nordrum (2009) |
| Nagell (2002) |
| Ramberg (1969) |
| Husdal (2020) |
| Kvamsdal (1999) |
| Kristiansen (1998) |
| Bøe (2001) |
| Added by Stuart Mills 14.11.2002 |
| Butler (1954) |
Philippines | |
| Zhigang Wang (2010) |
Poland | |
| Stankowski et al. (2002, December) +2 other references |
| Musiał J. 1996: Results of preliminary ... |
| Szakáll (2002) |
| Paulo A. 1970: Minerały niklu i bizmutu w żyłach kruszcowych okolicy Chełmca (Góry Kaczawskie, Dolny Śląsk) |
| Siuda (2003) |
| Traube (1888) | |
| Roth J. (1867) |
| Dathe E. 1904 - Erläuterungen zur ... +1 other reference | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Klukowski (2014) |
| Łukasz Kruszewski (2012) |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection. |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ... |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... | |
| Artur Neves collection |
| Gomes et al. (2016) |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ... |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ... |
| Lneg/Siorminp (Rui Nunes Nov 2011) | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Luigi Chiappino collection | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (2017) |
| desescaut.jyà@voila.fr |
Qatar | |
| SJ Nasir (2003) |
Red Sea | |
| Sediment-Hosted Mineral Deposits: ... | |
Romania | |
| Ş +1 other reference |
| Ş +1 other reference | |
| new data and review. The Canadian Mineralogist (6) +2 other references |
| Marincea (2000) |
| Pál Molnár (2000) |
| Hirtopanu et al. (2013) |
| Ed.:Szakáll S.-Kristály ... |
| Costin et al. (2005) |
| Hirtopanu et al. (2015) |
| Szakáll (2002) | |
Russia | |
| Kovalev et al. (2006) |
| Kislov et al. (2022) |
| Cesnokov et al. (1998) |
| Bortnikova et al. (2017) |
| Silyanov et al. (2021) |
| Pekov et al. (2013) |
| Pekin et al. (2010) +1 other reference | |
| Ivan Novikov find & collection |
| Kompanchenko et al. (2019) |
| Novgorodova et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Chukanov N V et al. (2009) |
| Shcheka et al. (2006) |
| Kochetkov A.Ya. (2006) |
| Anisimova et al. (2020) |
| Gongalsky et al. (2019) |
Serbia | |
| Pačevski et al. (2018) |
Slovakia | |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Števko M. (2022) |
| Lapis 2003 (1) |
| Háber et al. (SGR) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Drnzíková L. (1969) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Pauliš P. | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Števko M. (2022) | |
| Pauliš P. |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra |
| Duda et. all. |
| Koděra (1986) | |
Slovenia | |
| Scopolia - Journal of the Slovenian ... |
South Africa | |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:5 pp 410-421 |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Martini (1997) |
| Von Bezing (1991) |
| Von Bezing et al. (1991) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
Southern Africa | |
| Lapis 25 (2) | |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2009) +1 other reference |
| Rewitzer et al. (part2) |
| José Miguel Sola |
| Schnorrer (2000) |
| Calvo (2009) |
| - (Wrong ID - Iridescent "turgite" from this locality is goethite, not lepidocrocite. ) |
| Bocamina (4) |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Calvo (2009) |
| Calvo (2009) | |
| Calvo (2009) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2009) |
| Garcia-Guinea et al. (2018) |
| Calvo (2009) |
| Joan Rosell et al. (2022) |
| Weibel (1955) |
| Weibel (1955) | |
| Sergio González collection |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam et al. (2004) |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Wenk et al. (2019) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| |
| |
| |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| 86. (in German) +2 other references |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
| Schad (1989) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Thailand | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
Tunisia | |
| Mlayah et al. (2009) |
| Mlayah et al. (2009) |
Turkey | |
| F. Arslan et al. (2003) |
| Yahya Çiftçi et al. (2013) |
| Kines (1969) |
| Yilmaz et al. (1992) | |
| Kines (1969) | |
| ÇİFTÇİ (2011) |
| Acarlioğlu +3 other references | |
| Santoro (2015) |
| Öztürk et al. (1995) |
| Oyman et al. (2003) |
| Koptagel et al. (2005) |
| Öztürk (1997) |
UK | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Collection Richard De Nul | |
| |
| G.Curtis collection. |
| S Rust |
| P Haas |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Journal of The Russell Society |
| - (2006) | |
| Green et al. (2008) |
| Mike Leppington collection (visual identification) | |
| Bridges et al. (2011) | |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Stevenson et al. (1971) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Identified by Tom Cotterell at the ... |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Simon et al. (2018) |
| [Specimen in the Natural History Museum |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : ... |
| Turner et al. (2010) |
| Cotterell et al. (2011) |
| - (Rankin & Criddle, 1985) |
Ukraine | |
| Chukhrov F.V. et al. (1987) |
| Tischenko Alexander |
| A. Tischenko. Minerals of the Crimea - ... |
| Kvasnytsya (2006) |
| |
USA | |
| Dean (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Doug Graeme identification |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Keith (1972) +1 other reference |
| Hutton (1959b) +1 other reference |
| Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference |
| Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Specimen aquired from Ray Grant |
| Howard (2007) |
| Kampf et al. (2012) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 162 +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 163. +2 other references |
| Armbrustmacher (1988) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Armbrustmacher (1988) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Jeremy Zolan Collection |
| J. Zolan Collec. |
| |
| Bernstein (1976) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:185. |
| Cook (1978) | |
| Cook (1978) | |
| Cook (1978) |
| ex. Terry Ledford Collection specimen ... |
| USGS PP1049-A (Staatz,1979) |
| Rocks & Minerals Vol. 70 |
| Mineralogical Record +1 other reference | |
| |
| www.rkci.org (2008) |
| |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Cerato |
| Identified via Raman Spectroscopy by M. ... |
| ... | |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| The Lapidary Journal (W.C. van Laer) +5 other references |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ... |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Nora K. Foley et al. (2006) |
| NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2002) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Henry L. Jicha (1954) +1 other reference |
| Henry L. Jicha (1954) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Peter Zodac |
| Januzzi +2 other references |
| Kulp et al. (1950) |
| Kulp et al. (1950) |
| Mineralogy of 10 Geothermal boreholes ... |
| The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania - 1922 |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| |
| Min. Col. PA +1 other reference |
| The Mineralogy of Pennslvania - 1922 +2 other references |
| Dana 6:1069. |
| Lapham & Geyer |
| www.jonesgeo.com (2011) |
| |
| Michael W. Kieron collection +2 other references |
| Betts (n.d.) |
| Paris (2011) |
| Smith (1991) +1 other reference |
| Craig et al. (1971) |
| Alminas +2 other references | |
| Vochten et al. (2001) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| - (2005) |
| Dietrich (1985) |
| John Lindell (RWMW) |
| Eric He's Collection |
| Falster (1981) +1 other reference |
| Falster (1987) | |
| Odom et al. (Ordovician) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Mineraly Uzbekistana (Minerals of the Uzbekistan) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Frei (2005) |
Quick NavTopAbout LepidocrociteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesVarietiesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany