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Palea Kavala deposit, Kavala, Kavala, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greecei
Regional Level Types
Palea Kavala depositDeposit
KavalaMunicipality
KavalaRegional Unit
Eastern Macedonia and ThraceAdministrative Region
GreeceCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
41° 0' 24'' North , 24° 24' 53'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
41.00690,24.41489
GeoHash:
G#: sx337946s
GRN:
N28E14
Type:
Deposit
Köppen climate type:
Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Palaiá Kavála108 (2014)0.1km
Zygós1,485 (2014)2.9km
Kryonéri690 (2014)3.7km
Prósfyges572 (2014)4.1km
Chalkeró194 (2014)5.8km
Mindat Locality ID:
230418
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:230418:5
GUID (UUID V4):
79974a21-cdc4-464e-8fc5-c864b38a969f


The locality generally refers to the broader area in close proximity to the Palea Kavala village where plenty small-scale metallic occurrences have been identified (approximately 150 according to Giouri et al, 2018). The occurrences have been known and exploited since antiquity. Although still lacking concluding evidence, it is believed that the area corresponds to Herodotus mention (6.46) of "Scapte Hyle" gold and silver mines.

Geologically, the occurrences of chemical compositions such as Fe–Mn (Pb ± Zn ± Ag), Fe–Mn–Au, Fe–As–Au, Fe–Cu–Au and Bi–Te–Au are found primarily in quartz–calcite–sulfide veins (hypogene mineralization) or as supergene bodies in overlapping zones centered around the ~21–22 Ma granodioritic Kavala pluton. The presence of a zoned metallogenetic district centered on Bi–Te–Pb–Sb ± Au mineralization within the Kavala pluton and the presence of both magnetite and ilmenite in the Kavala pluton indicate an intrusion-related gold system that formed along the ilmenite–magnetite buffer (Fornadel et al., 2011).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

37 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ Arseniosiderite
Formula: Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ Bermanite
Formula: Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
ⓘ Beudantite
Formula: PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcophanite
Formula: ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Cosalite
Formula: Pb2Bi2S5
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Cryptomelane
Formula: K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gold
Formula: Au
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Groutite
Formula: Mn3+O(OH)
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Lepidocrocite
Formula: γ-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Lillianite
Formula: Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
ⓘ Manganite
Formula: Mn3+O(OH)
ⓘ Manganosite
Formula: MnO
ⓘ Mimetite
Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Nsutite
Formula: (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
ⓘ Paravauxite
Formula: Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
ⓘ Petzite
Formula: Ag3AuTe2
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Plumbojarosite
Formula: Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Pyrolusite
Formula: Mn4+O2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Rhodochrosite
Formula: MnCO3
ⓘ Scorodite
Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Symplesite
Formula: Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘ 'Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series'
ⓘ Tetradymite
Formula: Bi2Te2S
ⓘ Todorokite
Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘGold1.AA.05Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘPetzite2.BA.75Ag3AuTe2
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘBismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
ⓘTetradymite2.DC.05Bi2Te2S
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
ⓘCosalite2.JB.10Pb2Bi2S5
ⓘLillianite2.JB.40aPb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘManganosite4.AB.25MnO
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘPyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
ⓘNsutite4.DB.15c(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
ⓘCryptomelane4.DK.05aK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16
ⓘTodorokite4.DK.10(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
ⓘGroutite4.FD.10Mn3+O(OH)
ⓘManganite4.FD.15Mn3+O(OH)
ⓘLepidocrocite4.FE.15γ-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘChalcophanite4.FL.20ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘRhodochrosite5.AB.05MnCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘPlumbojarosite7.BC.10Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘBeudantite8.BL.05PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘMimetite8.BN.05Pb5(AsO4)3Cl
ⓘScorodite8.CD.10Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
ⓘSymplesite8.CE.45Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘBermanite8.DC.20Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
ⓘParavauxite8.DC.30Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
ⓘArseniosiderite8.DH.30Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Unclassified
ⓘ'Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Hⓘ BermaniteMn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Hⓘ BeudantitePbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Hⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Hⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GroutiteMn3+O(OH)
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ Lepidocrociteγ-Fe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Nsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
Hⓘ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ SymplesiteFe32+(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ RhodochrositeMnCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Oⓘ BermaniteMn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Oⓘ BeudantitePbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Oⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Oⓘ CryptomelaneK(Mn74+Mn3+)O16
Oⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GroutiteMn3+O(OH)
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ Lepidocrociteγ-Fe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ ManganositeMnO
Oⓘ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Oⓘ MimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Nsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
Oⓘ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Oⓘ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ SymplesiteFe32+(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
NaSodium
Naⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
AlAluminium
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Alⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ BermaniteMn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Pⓘ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
SSulfur
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ BeudantitePbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Sⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CosalitePb2Bi2S5
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Sⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
ClChlorine
Clⓘ MimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
KPotassium
Kⓘ CryptomelaneK(Mn74+Mn3+)O16
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Caⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MnManganese
Mnⓘ BermaniteMn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Mnⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Mnⓘ CryptomelaneK(Mn74+Mn3+)O16
Mnⓘ GroutiteMn3+O(OH)
Mnⓘ ManganositeMnO
Mnⓘ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Mnⓘ Nsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
Mnⓘ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Mnⓘ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Mnⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
FeIron
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Feⓘ BeudantitePbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ Lepidocrociteγ-Fe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Feⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Feⓘ SymplesiteFe32+(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
ZnZinc
Znⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Asⓘ BeudantitePbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Asⓘ MimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
Asⓘ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Asⓘ SymplesiteFe32+(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
SrStrontium
Srⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
AgSilver
Agⓘ LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Agⓘ PetziteAg3AuTe2
TeTellurium
Teⓘ PetziteAg3AuTe2
Teⓘ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
BaBarium
Baⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
AuGold
Auⓘ GoldAu
Auⓘ PetziteAg3AuTe2
PbLead
Pbⓘ BeudantitePbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Pbⓘ CosalitePb2Bi2S5
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
Pbⓘ LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Pbⓘ MimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
Pbⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
BiBismuth
Biⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Biⓘ CosalitePb2Bi2S5
Biⓘ LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Biⓘ TetradymiteBi2Te2S

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1
Wikidata ID:Q12279965

Localities in this Region

Greece
Greece

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Arvanitidis, N., Kosmas, C., Eliopoulos, D., Perdikatsis, V., & Economou, G. (1989). Gold mineralization associated with carbonate-hosted polymetallic gossans in the area of Kavala. Geologica Rhodopica, 1, 340-349.
Vavelidis, M., Christofides, G., & Melfos, V. (1996). The Au-Ag bearing mineralization and placer gold of Palea Kavala (Macedonia, N. Greece). Terranes of Serbia, The formation of the geologic framework of Serbia and the adjacent regions, Eds: Knežević V. and Krstić B., Belgrade.
Vavelidis, M., Gialoglou, G., Melfos, B., & Wagner, G. A. (1996). Goldgrube in Palaea Kavala/Griechenland: Entdeckung von Skaptehyle? Erzmetall 49, 547-554 (in German)
Vavelidis, M., Melfos, V., & Eleftheriadis, G. (1997). Mineralogy and microthermometric investigations in the Au-bearing sulphide mineralization of Palea Kavala (Macedonia, Greece). Mineral deposits: Research and exploration, where do they meet, 343-346.
Melfos, V., Voudouris, P., Vavelidis, M., & Spry, P. (2008). Microthermometric results and formation conditions of a new intrusion-related Bi-Te-Pb-Sb±Au deposit in the Kavala pluton, Greece. In Proceedings of the XIII All-Russian conference on thermobarogeochemistry in conjunction with IV APIFIS symposium (Vol. 2, pp. 165-168). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Fornadel, A. P., Spry, P. G., Vavelidis, M., Melfos, V. & Voudouris, P. (2009). The Palea Kavala reduced intrusion-related Bi-Te-Pb-Sb±Au system, northeastern Greece: Mineralogical, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotope studies. In 2009 Portland GSA annual meeting.
Fornadel, A. P., Spry, P. G., Melfos, V., Vavelidis, M. & Voudouris, P. (2011). Is the Palea Kavala Bi–Te–Pb–Sb±Au district, northeastern Greece, an intrusion-related system?. Ore Geology Reviews, 39(3), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.01.002
Giouri, K., Vavelidis, M., & Melfos, V. (2013). Occurrence of Arsenic in waters and sediments of the Palea Kavala river, NE Macedonia, Northern Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 47(2), 934-941. https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11133
Giouri, K., Vavelidis, M., Melfos, V. & Papadopoulou, L. (2016). Assessment of selected metals enrichment in sediments from Palea Kavala river, NE Macedonia, Northern Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 50(4), 2137-2144. https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.14266
Giouri, K., Melfos, V., Papadopoulou, L., Vavelidis, M., & Alifragkis, D. (2018). Selected Metal Content and Binding Behaviour in Riverbed Sediments of the Kavala–Philippi Area (Northern Greece). Geosciences, 8(5), 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8050187
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