Låvenite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Låvenite
Formula:
Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Formula from Dal Bo et al. (2022).
Colour:
Colorless to brownish-yellow, brown, brownish-red, orange-brown.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.4 - 3.55
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named for the type locality, Låven island, Langesundsfjord, Norway by the Norwegian geologist and mineralogist Waldemar Christopher Brøgger (10 November 1851 – 17 February 1940). In 1875, Brøgger and Hans Reusch had found, in a nepheline syenite pegmatite at Låven, a mineral first assumed by Brøgger to be mosandrite (Brøgger 1878). Later he recognized it as a new mineral and gave a preliminary description (Brøgger 1885).
A more detailed description was published by Brøgger (1890). The crystal structure was solved by Mellini (1981) and refined on samples from Lovozero, Russia by Simenov and Belov (1960) and from Los Archipelago, Guinea by Biagoni et al. (2012).
Dal Bo et al. (2022) reviewed the data on låvenite in their paper on the wöhlerite group minerals.
A more detailed description was published by Brøgger (1890). The crystal structure was solved by Mellini (1981) and refined on samples from Lovozero, Russia by Simenov and Belov (1960) and from Los Archipelago, Guinea by Biagoni et al. (2012).
Dal Bo et al. (2022) reviewed the data on låvenite in their paper on the wöhlerite group minerals.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
A sorosilicate belonging to the wöhlerite group. Forms a solid solution-series with normandite, where låvenite is the Zr- and normandite the Ti-endmember.
May be the Mn analogue of UM2003-34-SiO:CaFFeMnNaNbTiZr; and also the Mn analogue of madeiraite (?).
The structure of Låvenite structure can be described as four-columns wide "octahedral" walls interconnected by corner-sharing and via disilicate groups. Structural and chemical data indicate cationic substitution on the four X sites. X2 and X4, which are the largest sites in the "octahedral" wall, are dominated by Ca and Na, respectively. The site X3 is dominated by Mn2+ and X1, the smallest site, is dominated by Zr (Dal Bo et al. 2022)
May be the Mn analogue of UM2003-34-SiO:CaFFeMnNaNbTiZr; and also the Mn analogue of madeiraite (?).
The structure of Låvenite structure can be described as four-columns wide "octahedral" walls interconnected by corner-sharing and via disilicate groups. Structural and chemical data indicate cationic substitution on the four X sites. X2 and X4, which are the largest sites in the "octahedral" wall, are dominated by Ca and Na, respectively. The site X3 is dominated by Mn2+ and X1, the smallest site, is dominated by Zr (Dal Bo et al. 2022)
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2462
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2462:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b02c2911-a4f9-4cef-8a77-f7bc67a2c33e
IMA Classification of Låvenite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Na,Ca)4(Mn2+,Fe2+)2(Zr,Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4
First published:
1884
Classification of Låvenite
9.BE.17
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 7th ed.:
56.2.4.4
56.2.4.4
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
14.10.27
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
10 : Silicates of Zr or Hf
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
10 : Silicates of Zr or Hf
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Låv | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Låvenite
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless to brownish-yellow, brown, brownish-red, orange-brown.
Streak:
Yellowish-white; pale brown
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {100}
Good on {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.4 - 3.55 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.498 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Låvenite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.670 nβ = 1.690 nγ = 1.720
2V:
Measured: 40° to 70°, Calculated: 80°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.050
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r < v perceptible
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; Z ∧ c = -20°.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = colorless, pale yellow; Y = colorless, pale greenish yellow; Z = very pale yellow, orange to brownish yellow.
Comments:
Absorption: Z > Y > X.
Chemistry of Låvenite
Mindat Formula:
Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Formula from Dal Bo et al. (2022).
Formula from Dal Bo et al. (2022).
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 29.63 % | 26.93 % | 28.9 % | 29.72 % |
| TiO2 | 2.35 % | 4.30 % | 3.2 % | 3.22 % |
| ZrO2 | 28.79 % | 21.70 % | 27.2 % | 27.40 % |
| Fe2O3 | 4.73 % | % | % | % |
| (Nb, Ta)2O5 | 5.20 % | % | % | % |
| MnO | 5.59 % | 11.66 % | 5.3 % | 5.54 % |
| CaO | 9.70 % | 7.74 % | 8.2 % | 8.32 % |
| Na2O | 10.77 % | 10.59 % | 11.9 % | 12.44 % |
| LOI | 2.24 % | % | % | % |
| Nb2O5 | % | 6.10 % | 6.0 % | 4.73 % |
| HfO2 | % | 0.36 % | 0.7 % | % |
| ThO2 | % | 0.03 % | % | % |
| Y2O3 | % | 0.19 % | 0.83 % | 0.23 % |
| Ce2O3 | % | 0.06 % | % | % |
| Pr2O3 | % | 0.04 % | % | % |
| Nd2O3 | % | 0.03 % | % | % |
| Sm2O3 | % | 0.12 % | % | % |
| Gd2O3 | % | 0.09 % | % | % |
| Dy2O3 | % | 0.07 % | % | % |
| Er2O3 | % | 0.06 % | % | % |
| Yb2O3 | % | 0.06 % | % | % |
| MgO | % | 0.09 % | 0.11 % | 0.12 % |
| FeO | % | 2.48 % | 3.6 % | 3.86 % |
| F | % | 5.60 % | 3.44 % | 4.68 % |
| O=F | % | -2.36 % | -1.45 % | -1.97 % |
| Al2O3 | % | % | 0.02 % | % |
| Ta2O5 | % | % | 0.2 % | % |
| REE2O3 | % | % | 0.47 % | % |
| Total: | 99 % | 95.94 % | 98.62 % | 98.29 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Natrolittodden, Vesle Arøya, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway | wet-chemical analysis by Cleve | |
| 2 | Los Archipelago, Conakry Region, Guinea | Electron microprobe | |
| 3 | Natrolittodden, Vesle Arøya, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway | EMPA + ICPMS data. 5mm brown, elongated crystal | |
| 4 | Langesundsfjorden, Norway | electron microprobe |
Crystallography of Låvenite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.83(1) Å, b = 9.98(1) Å, c = 7.174(5) Å
β = 108.1°
β = 108.1°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.085 : 1 : 0.719
Unit Cell V:
737.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals prismatic parallel to [100] or tabular. Also acicular radial, fibrous, granular, or massive. Forms include {100}, {110}, {111}, {101}.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic on {100}.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.97 Å | (50) |
| 3.21 Å | (70) |
| 2.89 Å | (100) |
| 2.82 Å | (90) |
| 2.00 Å | (50) |
| 1.792 Å | (50) |
| 1.649 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Låvenite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Chest-nut brown to yellow elongated, prismatic crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden inventory nr. 531056
Geological Setting of Type Material:
nepheline syenite pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Låvenite
Other Language Names for Låvenite
Varieties of Låvenite
| Titan-låvenite | A name used by petrologists, but mineralogically a titanium-rich låvenite. |
Relationship of Låvenite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Baghdadite | Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Burpalite | Na2CaZr(Si2O7)F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Cuspidine | Ca8(Si2O7)2F4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hiortdahlite | Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Janhaugite | (Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Madeiraite | Na2Ca2Fe2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Moxuanxueite | NaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Niocalite | (Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. m |
| Normandite | NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OF | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Pilanesbergite | Na2Ca2Fe2Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Wöhlerite | Na2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 42 photos of Låvenite associated with Wöhlerite | Na2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F |
| 13 photos of Låvenite associated with Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 13 photos of Låvenite associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 11 photos of Låvenite associated with Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| 10 photos of Låvenite associated with Astrophyllite | K2NaFe2+7Ti2Si8O26(OH)4F |
| 8 photos of Låvenite associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 6 photos of Låvenite associated with Kupletskite Group | |
| 5 photos of Låvenite associated with Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 5 photos of Låvenite associated with Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| 4 photos of Låvenite associated with Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.BE. | Paralomonosovite | Na6◻4Ti4(Si2O7)2[PO3OH][PO2(OH)2]O2(OF) |
| 9.BE. | Cámaraite | Ba3Na(Fe2+,Mn)8Ti4(Si2O7)4O4(OH,F)7 |
| 9.BE. | Christofschäferite-(Ce) | Ce3CaMnTiFe(3+)Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE. | Bobshannonite | Na2KBa(Mn,Na)8(Nb,Ti)4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4(O,F)2 |
| 9.BE. | Calciomurmanite | (Na,◻)2Ca(Ti,Mg,Nb)4[Si2O7]2O2(OH,O)2(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE. | Batievaite-(Y) | Y2Ca2Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE. | Delhuyarite-(Ce) | Ce4Mg(Fe3+,W)3◻(Si2O7)2O6(OH)2 |
| 9.BE.X | Asimowite | Fe2+4O(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE. | Moxuanxueite | NaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE. | Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce) | Ce2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE. | Biraite-(La) | La2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE. | Zinkgruvanite | Ba4Mn2+4Fe3+2(Si2O7)2(SO4)2O2(OH)2 |
| 9.BE. | Madeiraite | Na2Ca2Fe2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE. | Bortolanite | Ca2(Ca1.5Zr0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2 |
| 9.BE. | Nacareniobsite-(Y) | Na3Ca3YNb(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE. | Pilanesbergite | Na2Ca2Fe2Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE. | Alfredcasparite | Sr2TiO(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE.02 | Wadsleyite | Mg4O(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE.05 | Hennomartinite | SrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.05 | Lawsonite | CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.05 | Noelbensonite | BaMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.05 | Itoigawaite | SrAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.05 | Cortesognoite | CaV2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.07 | Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.07 | Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.07 | Amamoorite | CaMn2+2Mn3+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.10 | Suolunite | Ca2(H2Si2O7) · H2O |
| 9.BE.12 | Jaffeite | Ca6(Si2O7)(OH)6 |
| 9.BE.15 | Fresnoite | Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O |
| 9.BE.17 | Baghdadite | Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4 |
| 9.BE.17 | Burpalite | Na2CaZr(Si2O7)F2 |
| 9.BE.17 | Cuspidine | Ca8(Si2O7)2F4 |
| 9.BE.17 | Hiortdahlite | Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.17 | Janhaugite | (Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2 |
| 9.BE.17 | Niocalite | (Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 |
| 9.BE.17 | Normandite | NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OF |
| 9.BE.17 | Wöhlerite | Na2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F |
| 9.BE.20 | Mosandrite-(Ce) | (Ca3REE)[(H2O)2Ca0.5◻0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2 |
| 9.BE.20 | Nacareniobsite-(Ce) | Na3Ca3(Ce,REE)Nb(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.20 | Roumaite | (Ca,Na,REE,◻)7(Nb,Ti)[Si2O7]2OF3 |
| 9.BE.20 | Rinkite-(Y) | Na2Ca4YTi(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.22 | Götzenite | NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.22 | Hainite-(Y) | Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.22 | Rosenbuschite | Na6Ca6Zr3Ti(Si2O7)4O2F6 |
| 9.BE.22 | Kochite | Na3Ca2MnZrTi(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.22 | Fogoite-(Y) | Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.23 | Dovyrenite | Ca6Zr(Si2O7)2(OH)4 |
| 9.BE.25 | Barytolamprophyllite | (Ba,Na)2(Na,Ti,Fe3+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O(OH,F) |
| 9.BE.25 | Ericssonite | BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.25 | Lamprophyllite | (Na,Mn2+)3(Sr,Na)2(Ti,Fe3+)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,O,F)2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Ericssonite-2O | BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.25 | Seidozerite | Na4MnZr2Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Nabalamprophyllite | (BaNa)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Grenmarite | Na4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Schüllerite | Ba2Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4 |
| 9.BE.25 | Kazanskyite | BaNa3Ti2Nb(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE.25 | Lileyite | Ba2(Na,Fe,Ca)3MgTi2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Emmerichite | Ba2Na(Na,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Mg)Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Saamite | Ba◻Na3Ti2Nb(Si2O7)2O2(OH)F(H2O)2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Fluorlamprophyllite | Na3(SrNa)Ti3(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Fluorbarytolamprophyllite | (Ba,Sr)2[(Na,Fe2+)3(Ti,Mg)F2][Ti2(Si2O7)2O2] |
| 9.BE.27 | Murmanite | Na2Ti2(Si2O7)O2 · 2H2O |
| 9.BE.27 | Vigrishinite | NaZnTi4(Si2O7)2O3(OH)(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE.27 | Kolskyite | CaNa2Ti4(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)7 |
| 9.BE.27 | Selivanovaite | NaFe3+Ti4(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE.30 | Epistolite | (Na◻)Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE.32 | Lomonosovite | Na5Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)O2 |
| 9.BE.35 | Vuonnemite | Na11Ti4+Nb2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O3(F,OH) |
| 9.BE.37 | Sobolevite | Na13Ca2Mn2Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O3F3 |
| 9.BE.40 | Innelite | Ba4Ti2Na(NaMn2+)Ti(Si2O7)2[(SO4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)] |
| 9.BE.40 | Phosphoinnelite | Na3Ba4Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4,SO4)2O2F |
| 9.BE.42 | Yoshimuraite | Ba2Mn2Ti(Si2O7)(PO4)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.45 | Quadruphite | Na6Na2(CaNa)2Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O4F2 |
| 9.BE.47 | Polyphite | Na5(Na4Ca2)Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)3O2F2 |
| 9.BE.50 | Bornemanite | Na6BaTi2Nb(Si2O7)2(PO4)O2(OH)F |
| 9.BE.50 | Shkatulkalite | Na2Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(FO)(H2O)4(H2O)3 |
| 9.BE.55 | Bafertisite | Ba2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2 |
| 9.BE.55 | Hejtmanite | Ba2Mn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2 |
| 9.BE.55 | Bykovaite | (Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(H2O,F,OH)2 · 3.5H2O |
| 9.BE.55 | Nechelyustovite | (Ba,Sr,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(O,H2O,F)2 · 4.5H2O |
| 9.BE.60 | Delindeite | (Na,K)2(Ba,Ca)2(Ti,Fe,Al)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.BE.62 | Orthochevkinite | (Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)4(Fe2+,Mg)2(Ti,Fe3+)3Si4O22 |
| 9.BE.62 va | Strontium Perrierite | (Ce,Sr,La,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr,Fe)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.62 | Chevkinite-(Nd) | (Nd,REE)4(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe2+,Ti,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8 ? |
| 9.BE.62 | Perrierite-(Nd) | Nd4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 ? |
| 9.BE.65 | Bussenite | Na2Ba2Fe2+Ti(Si2O7)(CO3)(OH)3F |
| 9.BE.67 | Jinshajiangite | BaNaFe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F |
| 9.BE.67 | Perraultite | BaNaMn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F |
| 9.BE.70 | Karnasurtite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si2O7)(OH)4 · 3H2O |
| 9.BE.70 | Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Strontiochevkinite | (Sr,La,Ce,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Chevkinite-(Ce) | Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2 |
| 9.BE.70 | Polyakovite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)4(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr3+,Fe3+)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Rengeite | Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Matsubaraite | Sr4Ti5(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Dingdaohengite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Maoniupingite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,◻)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Perrierite-(La) | (La,Ce,Ca)4(Fe2+,Mn)(Ti,Fe3+,Al)4[(Si2O7)O4]2 |
| 9.BE.70 | UM2008-53-SiO:SrTiZr | Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Hezuolinite | (Sr,REE)4Zr(Ti,Fe3+)4(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.72 | Fersmanite | Ca4(Na,Ca)4(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8F3 |
| 9.BE.75 | Belkovite | Ba3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12 |
| 9.BE.77 | Nasonite | Pb6Ca4(Si2O7)3Cl2 |
| 9.BE.80 | Kentrolite | Pb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2 |
| 9.BE.80 | Melanotekite | Pb2Fe3+2(Si2O7)O2 |
| 9.BE.82 | Tilleyite | Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2 |
| 9.BE.82 | Alexkuznetsovite-(La) | La2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE.85 | Killalaite | Ca6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2 |
| 9.BE.87 | Stavelotite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ca)3Mn2+3Cu(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30 |
| 9.BE.90 | Biraite-(Ce) | Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3) |
| 9.BE.90 | Magnesiorowlandite-(Y) | Y4(Mg,Fe)(Si2O7)2F2 |
| 9.BE.92 | Cervandonite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH) |
| 9.BE.92 | Chirvinskyite | (Na,Ca)13(Fe,Mn,◻)2(Ti,Zr)5(Si2O7)4(OH,O)12 · 2H2O |
| 9.BE.95 | Batisivite | BaV3+8Ti6(Si2O7)O22 |
| 9.BE.95 | Rusinovite | Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2 |
| 9.BE.97 | Schlüterite-(Y) | (Y,REE)2AlSi2O7(OH)2F |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Låvenite
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References for Låvenite
Reference List:
Brögger, W. C. (1885) Forelöbig meddelelse om to nye norske mineraler, Låvenit og Cappelenit. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 7 (10) 598-600 doi:10.1080/11035898509443558
Kutukova, E.I. (1940) Titanolavenite of the Lovozero tundras. Trudy Ign. Akad. Nauk SSSR: 3l: 23-29.
Mellini, M. (1981) Refinement of the crystal structure of låvenite. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 28 (2) Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 99-112 doi:10.1007/bf01081548
Friis, Henrik, Balic-Žunić, Tonči (2010) Minerals of the låvenite group from south Greenland and Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 43. 35-39 includes description of a låvenite-like mineral, apparently a polytype of burpalite
Localities for Låvenite
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Laacher See Volcanic Complex, Germany