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Merced, USA

Formation	Merced
Age:	0.78 - 0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Interval	Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene
Lithology	conglomerate/sandstone, conglomerate, sandstone, "siliciclastic", siltstone, "limestone"
Number of Collections	16
Number of Occurrences	130

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
Locality 34 - Merced Fm	Coos County, Oregon, USA	Merced
Locality 98 - Merced Fm	Coos County, Oregon, USA	Merced
Locality 77 - Merced Fm	Grays Harbor County, Washington, USA	Merced
Trenton	Sonoma County, California, USA	Merced
Americano Creek	Sonoma County, California, USA	Merced
USGS M1870	Santa Clara County, California, USA	Merced
USGS M1720	Santa Clara County, California, USA	Merced
USGS M1715	Santa Clara County, California, USA	Merced
Merced Fm	Sonoma County, California, USA	Merced
Thornton Beach	San Mateo County, California, USA	Merced
CAS 29118	Merced County, California, USA	Merced
Mussel Rock	San Mateo County, California, USA	Merced

Associated Units

Stratigraphic Name	Age	Lithology	Occurrence Records
Empire	5.33 - 3.60 Ma Neogene	sandstone/claystone, sandstone, "shale"	114

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Rhynchonellida order	4	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Enhydra sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Enhydra*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Balaenula sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : *Balaenula*	4.9 - 1.8 Ma Cenozoic
Delphininae subfamily	5.3	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Delphinidae : Delphininae	4.9 - 1.8 Ma Cenozoic
Cetacea order	4	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea	4.9 - 1.8 Ma Cenozoic
Anorthoscutum interlineatum species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Scutellidae : Anorthoscutum : *Anorthoscutum interlineatum*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Anadara (Anadara) trilineata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Anadara : *Anadara (Anadara) trilineata*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Glycymeris banosensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris : *Glycymeris banosensis*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nemodon sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : *Nemodon*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Clinocardium (Clinocardium) meekianum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Clinocardium : *Clinocardium (Clinocardium) meekianum*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Macoma (Macoma) calcarea species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Macoma : *Macoma (Macoma) calcarea*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Macoma (Rexithaerus) secta species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Macoma : *Macoma (Rexithaerus) secta*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Macoma nasuta species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Macoma : *Macoma nasuta*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Tellina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : *Tellina*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Tellina (Megangulus) lutea species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina : *Tellina (Megangulus) lutea*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Opis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : *Opis*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Panopea abrupta species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Hiatellidae : Panopea : *Panopea abrupta*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Lucinoma annulatum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Lucinoma : *Lucinoma annulatum*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Clisocolus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : *Clisocolus*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Conchocele conradii species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Thyasiridae : Conchocele : *Conchocele conradii*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Inoceramus (Endocostea) balticus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : Inoceramus : *Inoceramus (Endocostea) balticus*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiolus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : *Modiolus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Mytilus edulis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : *Mytilus edulis*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Pycnodonte (Pycnodonte) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Pycnodonte : *Pycnodonte (Pycnodonte)*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ostrea sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : *Ostrea*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ostrea lurida species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostrea : *Ostrea lurida*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Patinopecten caurinus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Patinopecten : *Patinopecten caurinus*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Pecten (Patinopecten) dilleri species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Patinopecten : *Pecten (Patinopecten) dilleri*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Cryptomya californica species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Myidae : Cryptomya : *Cryptomya californica*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Penitella penita species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : Penitella : *Penitella penita*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Zirfaea sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : *Zirfaea*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Solen sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Solenidae : *Solen*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Solen (Ensisolen) sicarius species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Solenida : Solenidae : Solen : *Solen (Ensisolen) sicarius*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Mactromeris albaria species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactromeris : *Mactromeris albaria*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Mactromeris mercedensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactromeris : *Mactromeris mercedensis*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Mactromeris polynyma species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactromeris : *Mactromeris polynyma*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Pseudocardium densatum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Spisula : *Pseudocardium densatum*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Tresus nuttallii species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae : Tresus : *Tresus nuttallii*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Tresus pajaroanus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae : Tresus : *Tresus pajaroanus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Humilaria perlaminosa species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Humilaria : *Humilaria perlaminosa*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Katherinella arnoldi species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Katherinella : *Katherinella arnoldi*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Leukoma staminea species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Leukoma : *Leukoma staminea*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Nutricola lordi species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Nutricola : *Nutricola lordi*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Protothaca staleyi species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Leukoma : *Protothaca staleyi*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Securella securis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Securella : *Securella securis*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Tivela (Pachydesma) stultorum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Tivela : *Tivela (Pachydesma) stultorum*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Baculites sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Baculitidae : *Baculites*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trachybaculites columna species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Baculitidae : Trachybaculites : *Trachybaculites columna*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Glyptoxoceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Diplomoceratidae : *Glyptoxoceras*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Pachydiscidae : *Pachydiscus*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Biplica sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Ringiculidae : *Biplica*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Chrysodomus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : *Chrysodomus*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Neptunea sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : *Neptunea*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cancellaria sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Cancellariidae : *Cancellaria*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cancellaria arnoldi species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Cancellariidae : Cancellaria : *Cancellaria arnoldi*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Mitrella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : *Mitrella*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Drilluta sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pholidotomidae : *Drilluta*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nucella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Nucella*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Purpura foliata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Purpura : *Purpura foliata*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Stramonita sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Stramonita*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Thais trancosana species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Thais : *Thais trancosana*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Tritonalia lurida species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Purpura : *Tritonalia lurida*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Nassarius (Caesia) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Nassarius : *Nassarius (Caesia)*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Nassarius (Caesia) grammatus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Nassarius : *Nassarius (Caesia) grammatus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Nassarius (Demondia) californianus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Nassarius : *Nassarius (Demondia) californianus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Nassarius (Schizopyga) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Nassarius : *Nassarius (Schizopyga)*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Zinsitys sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : *Zinsitys*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Olivella (Callianax) biplicata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Olividae : Olivella : *Olivella (Callianax) biplicata*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Olivella (Callianax) pedroana species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Olividae : Olivella : *Olivella (Callianax) pedroana*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Perissityidae family	5	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Perissityidae	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ophiodermella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Borsoniidae : *Ophiodermella*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Megasurcula sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pseudomelatomidae : *Megasurcula*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Turris sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Turridae : *Turris*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Pyktes sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : *Pyktes*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Margaritella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architectonicidae : *Margaritella*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Crepidula princeps species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Crepidula : *Crepidula princeps*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Littorina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Littorinidae : *Littorina*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Cryptonatica affinis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Cryptonatica : *Cryptonatica affinis*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Cryptonatica aleutica species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Cryptonatica : *Cryptonatica aleutica*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Glossaulax reclusiana species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Neverita : *Glossaulax reclusiana*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Naticidae family	5	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Odostomia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : *Odostomia*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Argobuccinum sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cymatiidae : *Argobuccinum*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Gyrineum sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Ranellidae : *Gyrineum*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Astraea sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Astraea*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Turcica sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Seguenziida : Eucyclidae : *Turcica*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Bittium sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : *Bittium*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Bittium (Stylidium) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Cerithiidae : Bittium : *Bittium (Stylidium)*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic

References

Clark W. B., Twitchell M. W. (1915) The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 54, 1-341

Howe H. V. (1922) Faunal and stratigraphic relationships of the Empire Formation, Coos Bay, Oregon, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 14 3, 85-114

Grant U. S., Gale H. R. (1931) Catalogue of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California, Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History 1, 1-1036

Addicott W. O. (1969) Late Pliocene mollusks from San Francisco Peninsula, California, and their paleogeographic significance, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 37 3, 57-93

Barnes L. G. (1977) Outline of eastern North Pacific fossil cetacean assemblages, Systematic Zoology 25 4, 321-343

Elder W. P., Miller J. W. (1993) Map and checklists of Jurassic and Cretaceous macrofossil localities within the San Jose 1:100,000 Quadrangle, California, and discussion of paleontological results, United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-503, 1-49

Boessenecker R. W. (2018) A Middle Pleistocene Sea Otter from Northern California and the Antiquity of Enhydra in the Pacific Basin, Journal of Mammalian Evolution 25, 27-35 doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9373-6

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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