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Wairakite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Wairakite (19)

Wairakite Gallery Search Photos of Wairakite

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Wairakite

Toi mine, Izu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Wairakite

Bandaiatami, Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Wairakite

Wairakei geothermal area, Wairakei, Taupo District, Waikato Region, New Zealand

Wairakite

Toi mine, Izu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Wairakite

Bandaiatami, Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Wairakite

Wairakei geothermal area, Wairakei, Taupo District, Waikato Region, New Zealand

Wairakite

Toi mine, Izu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Wairakite

Bandaiatami, Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

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About WairakiteHide

"Craters of the Moon" in Taupo

Wairakei geothermal area, Wairakei, Taupo District, Waikato Region, New Zealand

Formula:

Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O

Colour:

Colorless to white

Lustre:

Vitreous, Dull

Hardness:

5½ - 6

Specific Gravity:

2.26

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Zeolite Group

Name:

Named after its discovery locality, Wairakei, North Island, New Zealand.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Wairakei geothermal area (Craters of the Moon), Wairakei, Taupo District, Waikato Region, New Zealand

Zeolite Group. Analcime-Wairakite Series.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

4230

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4230:3

GUID
(UUID V4):

4884c72d-b402-4b35-b32a-f8f2b4ad603d

IMA Classification of WairakiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Ca(Si₄Al₂)O₁₂ · 2H₂O

Type description reference:

Steiner, A. (1955) Wairakite, the calcium analogue of analcime, a new zeolite mineral. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 30 (230) 691-698 doi:10.1180/minmag.1955.030.230.02

Classification of WairakiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

9.GB.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H₂O; zeolite family
B : Chains of single connected 4-membered rings

Dana 7th ed.:

77.1.1.3

Dana 8th ed.:

77.1.1.3

77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites

Hey's CIM Ref.:

16.9.20

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
9 : Aluminosilicates of Ca

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Wrk	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Wrk	Siivolam & Schmid (2007)	Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
Wrk	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Wrk	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
Wrk	Warr (2020)	Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of WairakiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous, Dull

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Colorless to white

Streak:

White

Hardness:

5½ - 6 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Distinct on the {100}

Parting:

Two sets of possible partings intersecting at 90 degrees

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

2.26 g/cm³ (Measured) 2.272 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of WairakiteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+/-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.498(1) n_γ = 1.502(1)

2V:

Measured: 70° to 105°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.004

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

very weak

Chemistry of WairakiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O

Elements listed:

Al, Ca, H, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Fe,Mg,Sr,Na,K,Cs

Crystallography of WairakiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

B2/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 13.692(3) Å, b = 13.643(3) Å, c = 13.560(3) Å
β = 90.5(1)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.004 : 1 : 0.994

Unit Cell V:

2,532.91 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Twinning:

Lamellar on {110}, common

Comment:

Space-group setting I2/a.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Temp (K)
0000740	Wairakite	Takeuchi Y, Mazzi F, Haga N, Galli E (1979) The crystal structure of wairakite American Mineralogist 64 993-1001	1979	293
0006990	Wairakite	Seryotkin Y V, Joswig W, Bakakin V V, Belitsky I A, Fursenko B A (2003) High-temperature crystal structure of wairakite European Journal of Mineralogy 15 475-484	2003	293
0006991	Wairakite	Seryotkin Y V, Joswig W, Bakakin V V, Belitsky I A, Fursenko B A (2003) High-temperature crystal structure of wairakite European Journal of Mineralogy 15 475-484	2003	443
0006992	Wairakite	Seryotkin Y V, Joswig W, Bakakin V V, Belitsky I A, Fursenko B A (2003) High-temperature crystal structure of wairakite European Journal of Mineralogy 15 475-484	2003	483
0006993	Wairakite	Seryotkin Y V, Joswig W, Bakakin V V, Belitsky I A, Fursenko B A (2003) High-temperature crystal structure of wairakite European Journal of Mineralogy 15 475-484	2003	673
0006994	Wairakite	Seryotkin Y V, Joswig W, Bakakin V V, Belitsky I A, Fursenko B A (2003) High-temperature crystal structure of wairakite European Journal of Mineralogy 15 475-484	2003	873
0014533	Wairakite	Henderson C M B, Bell A M T, Kohn S C, Page C S (1998) Leucite-pollucite structure-type variability and the structure of a synthetic end-member calcium wairakite (CaAl2Si4O122(H2O))* Mineralogical Magazine 62 165-178	1998	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Wairakite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Takeuchi Y'
'Mazzi F'
'Haga N'
'Galli E'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 64 
_journal_year 1979
_journal_page_first 993
_journal_page_last 1001
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of wairakite
;
_database_code_amcsd 0000740
_chemical_formula_sum 'Na.139 Ca.899 (Si4.1 Al1.9) O14 H4'
_cell_length_a 13.692
_cell_length_b 13.643
_cell_length_c 13.560
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90.5
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 2532.911
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.274
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'I 1 2/a 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,y,-z'
  '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,-y,z'
  '+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Na11   0.13180   0.99970   0.25610   0.04200   0.04686
Na12a   0.25000   0.12030   0.00000   0.03400   0.02786
Na12b   0.75000   0.37630   0.00000   0.04100   0.04939
Ca2   0.01150   0.24740   0.11600   0.89900   0.02267
Na2   0.01150   0.24740   0.11600   0.05900   0.02267
Si11a   0.11220   0.15800   0.41750   0.93000   0.00608
Al11a   0.11220   0.15800   0.41750   0.07000   0.00608
Si11b   0.87140   0.33810   0.40560   0.95000   0.00684
Al11b   0.87140   0.33810   0.40560   0.05000   0.00684
Si12a   0.42210   0.13100   0.15990   0.95000   0.00659
Al12a   0.42210   0.13100   0.15990   0.05000   0.00659
Si12b   0.59710   0.37280   0.16820   0.95000   0.00773
Al12b   0.59710   0.37280   0.16820   0.05000   0.00773
Si2a   0.17530   0.41120   0.13700   0.16000   0.00684
Al2a   0.17530   0.41120   0.13700   0.84000   0.00684
Si2b   0.84740   0.08560   0.11760   0.16000   0.00671
Al2b   0.84740   0.08560   0.11760   0.84000   0.00671
O11a   0.10990   0.34840   0.22740   1.00000   0.01583
O11b   0.90950   0.14640   0.21390   1.00000   0.01520
O12a   0.38340   0.13760   0.46600   1.00000   0.01469
O12b   0.59830   0.35010   0.47910   1.00000   0.01292
O21a   0.20290   0.11650   0.35750   1.00000   0.01950
O21b   0.77630   0.39990   0.37960   1.00000   0.01836
O22a   0.12820   0.46260   0.38630   1.00000   0.01786
O22b   0.83550   0.03570   0.35480   1.00000   0.01697
O31a   0.39760   0.22430   0.08910   1.00000   0.01938
O31b   0.64440   0.27800   0.11440   1.00000   0.01963
O32a   0.48680   0.38960   0.12800   1.00000   0.02090
O32b   0.54050   0.12180   0.16390   1.00000   0.01849
Wat1   0.13440   0.12640   0.13480   1.00000   0.06383
Watb   0.88580   0.37030   0.11690   1.00000   0.05218

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.39 Å	(10)
5.57 Å	(8)
3.42 Å	(6)
2.909 Å	(5)
6.85 Å	(4)
4.84 Å	(4)
2.680 Å	(4)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
14 : Hot springs, geysers, and other subaerial geothermal minerals
16 : Low-𝑇 aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23)
17 : Marine authigenic Hadean minerals (see also #24)

Type Occurrence of WairakiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Wairakei geothermal area (Craters of the Moon), Wairakei, Taupo District, Waikato Region, New Zealand

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Geological Survey of New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, P13871;
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 137192.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

rocks in geothermal areas

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Quartz	Prehnite	Epidote	Clinozoisite	Calcite
Aragonite	Andesine

Reference:

Steiner, A. (1955): Wairakite, the calcium analogue of analcime, a new zeolite mineral. Mineralogical Magazine 30, 691-698.

Synonyms of WairakiteHide

Calcium-Analcime

Other Language Names for WairakiteHide

German:Wairakit

Russian:Вайракит

Simplified Chinese:斜钙沸石

Spanish:Wairakita

Relationship of Wairakite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Zeolite Group

Other Members of this group:

Alflarsenite	NaCa₂Be₃Si₄O₁₃(OH) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Amicite	K₂Na₂Al₄Si₄O₁₆ · 5H₂O	Mon. 2
Ammonioleucite	(NH₄)(AlSi₂O₆)	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Bellbergite	(K,Ba,Sr)₂Sr₂Ca₂(Ca,Na)₄[Al₃Si₃O₁₂]₆ · 30H₂O	Hex.
Bikitaite	LiAlSi₂O₆ · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Boggsite	Ca₈Na₃(Si,Al)₉₆O₁₉₂ · 70H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
Brewsterite Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Chabazite-Levyne Subgroup	M[Al₂Si₄O₁₂] · 6H₂O
Chiavennite	CaMnBe₂Si₅O₁₃(OH)₂ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Clinoptilolite Subgroup	M_3-6(Si₃₀Al₆)O₇₂ · 20H₂O
Cowlesite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 6H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
Dachiardite Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Direnzoite	NaK₆MgCa₂(Al₁₃Si₄₇O₁₂₀) · 36H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
Edingtonite	Ba[Al₂Si₃O₁₀] · 4H₂O	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2₁
Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O	Mon.
Erionite Subgroup	M₂[Al₄Si₁₄O₃₆] · 15H₂O
Faujasite Subgroup	M_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O
Ferrierite Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Ferrochiavennite	Ca_1-2Fe[(Si,Al,Be)₅Be₂O₁₃(OH)₂] · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Flörkeite	(K₃Ca₂Na)[Al₈Si₈O₃₂] · 12H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Garronite Subgroup
Gaultite	Na₄Zn₂Si₇O₁₈ · 5H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
Gismondine Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Gmelinite Subgroup	In 1997, gmelinite was split into Gmelinite-Ca, Gmelinite-Na and Gmelinite-K.
Gobbinsite	Na₅(Si₁₁Al₅)O₃₂ · 11H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
Goosecreekite	Ca[Al₂Si₆O₁₆] · 5H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Gottardiite	Na₃Mg₃Ca₅Al₁₉Si₁₁₇O₂₇₂ · 93H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca
Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Hsianghualite	Ca₃Li₂(Be₃Si₃O₁₂)F₂	Iso. 4 3 2 : I4₁ 3 2
Kirchhoffite	Cs(BSi₂O₆)	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Loomisite	Ba[Be₂P₂O₈] · H₂O	Mon. m
Lovdarite	K₂Na₆Be₄Si₁₄O₃₆ · 9H₂O	Orth. mm2
Maricopaite	Pb₇Ca₂(Si,Al)₄₈O₁₀₀ · 32H₂O	Orth.
Martinandresite	Ba₂(Al₄Si₁₂O₃₂) · 10H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
Mazzite Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Merlinoite	(K,Na)₅(Ca,Ba)₂Al₉Si₂₃O₆₄ · 23H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Immm
Montesommaite	(K,Na)₉Al₉Si₂₃O₆₄ · 10H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O	Orth.
Mutinaite	Na₃Ca₄Si₈₅Al₁₁O₁₉₂ · 60H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
Nabesite	Na₂BeSi₄O₁₀ · 4H₂O	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2₁
Natrolite Subgroup	A subgroup of the Zeolite Group.
Offretite	KCaMg(Si₁₃Al₅)O₃₆ · 15H₂O	Hex. 6 m2 : P6m2
Pahasapaite	Li₈(Ca,Li,K)_10.5Be₂₄(PO₄)₂₄ · 38H₂O	Iso. 2 3 : I2 3
Parthéite	Ca₂(Si₄Al₄) O₁₅ (OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Paulingite Subgroup	Paulingite was originally described in 1960.
Perlialite	K₉Na(Ca,Sr)[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₆ · 15H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
Phillipsite Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Roggianite	Ca₂Be(OH)₂Al₂Si₄O₁₃ · 2.5H₂O	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mcm
Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Terranovaite	(Na,Ca)₈(Si₆₈Al₁₂)O₁₆₀ · 29H₂O	Orth.
Thomsonite Subgroup	The large majority of "thomsonite" is thomsonite-Ca.
Tschernichite	(Ca,Na₂)[Al₂Si₄O₁₂] · 4-8H₂O	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
Tschörtnerite	Ca₄(Ca,Sr,K,Ba)₃Cu₃[Al₃Si₃O₁₂]₄(OH)₈ · nH₂O	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
UM1996-38-SiO:AlCaHNa	Na-Ca-Al-Si-O-H
UM1999-33-SiO:AlHKNa	K₇Na₅Al₁₂Si₂₀O₆₄ · 24H₂O
UM2002-40-SiO:AlCaHKMgNa	(Mg,Ca,Na,K)_7.5(Al_12.8Si_51.2)O₁₂₈ · 65H₂O	Tet. 4 2 2 : P4₁ 2 2
Unnamed (Ca analogue of Merlinoite)	(Ca,K,Na)₅(Ca,Ba)₂Al₉Si₂₃O₆₄ · 23H₂O ?
Weinebeneite	CaBe₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. m : Bb
Wenkite	(Ba,K)₄(Ca,Na)₆[(Si,Al)₂₀O₃₉(OH)₂](SO₄)₃ · 0.5H₂O	Hex. 6 m2 : P6₂m
Willhendersonite	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Yugawaralite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 4H₂O	Mon. m : Pb

Forms a series with:

Analcime

Analcime-Wairakite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Wairakite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
2 photos of Wairakite associated with Dmisteinbergite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
1 photo of Wairakite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
1 photo of Wairakite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
1 photo of Wairakite associated with Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
1 photo of Wairakite associated with Okenite	Ca₁₀Si₁₈O₄₆ · 18H₂O
1 photo of Wairakite associated with Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.GB.05	Ammonioleucite	(NH₄)(AlSi₂O₆)	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
9.GB.05	Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.GB.05	Hsianghualite	Ca₃Li₂(Be₃Si₃O₁₂)F₂	Iso. 4 3 2 : I4₁ 3 2
9.GB.05	Lithosite	K₆Al₄Si₈O₂₅ · 2H₂O	Mon.
9.GB.05	Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
9.GB.05	Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.GB.05 va	Germanate-analcime	NaAlGe₂O₆ · H₂O
9.GB.05 va	Germanate-leucite	KAlGe₂O₆
9.GB.05	Kirchhoffite	Cs(BSi₂O₆)	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
9.GB.05	Fabrièsite	Na₃Al₃Si₃O₁₂ · 2H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pmm2
9.GB.10	Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.GB.15	Yugawaralite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 4H₂O	Mon. m : Pb
9.GB.20	Roggianite	Ca₂Be(OH)₂Al₂Si₄O₁₃ · 2.5H₂O	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mcm
9.GB.25	Goosecreekite	Ca[Al₂Si₆O₁₆] · 5H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.GB.30	Montesommaite	(K,Na)₉Al₉Si₂₃O₆₄ · 10H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
9.GB.35	Parthéite	Ca₂(Si₄Al₄) O₁₅ (OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for WairakiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-4230.html
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References for WairakiteHide

Reference List:

Kiss, Klara, Page, Harold T. (1969) Electron Microscopic Identification of Single Crystals of Wairakite, a Rare Component in Clays. Clays and Clay Minerals, 17 (1) 31-35 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1969.0170106

Takéuchi, Yoshio, Mazzi, Fiorenzo, Haga, Nobuhiko, Galli, Ermano (1979) The crystal structure of wairakite. American Mineralogist, 64 (9-10) 993-1001

Henderson, C. M. B., Bell, A. M. T., Kohn, S. C., Page, C. S. (1998) Leucite-pollucite structure-type variability and the structure of a synthetic end-member calcium wairakite (CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·2H₂O) Mineralogical Magazine, 62 (2) 165-178 doi:10.1180/002646198547558

Neuhoff, Philip S., Stebbins, Jonathan F., Bird, Dennis K. (2003) Si-Al disorder and solid solutions in analcime, chabazite, and wairakite. American Mineralogist, 88 (2) 410-423 doi:10.2138/am-2003-2-317

Seryotkin, Yurii V., Joswig, Werner, Bakakin, Vladimir V., Belitsky, Igor A., Fursenko, Boris A. (2003) High-temperature crystal structure of wairakite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 15 (3) 475-484 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0475

(2023) Wairakite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for WairakiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Algeria
Annaba Province Annaba District Edough-Cap de Fer Massif ⓘ Aïn Barbar	Marignac (1988)

Argentina
Neuquén Province Chos Malal Department ⓘ Cerro China Muerta	Tschernich (1992)
Los Lagos Department ⓘ Confluencia	Vattuone et al. (2001)
ⓘ Paso del Córdoba	Pablo Rodrigo Leal et al. (2011)

Australia
Tasmania Huon Valley municipality ⓘ Macquarie Island	Bottrill et al. (2008)

Bolivia
Potosí Sud Lípez Province San Pablo de Lípez ⓘ Sol de Mañana	Camacho (2014)

Brazil
São Paulo Araraquara ⓘ Monopedras quarry	Ruiz (2001)

Canada
British Columbia Golden Mining Division ⓘ Ice River Alkaline Complex	Canadian Museum of Nature collection
Vancouver Island Alberni Mining Division ⓘ Buttle Lake	Tschernich (1992)
Nova Scotia Cumberland Co. ⓘ Cape d'Or (Cap d'Or)	Pe-Piper et al. (2002)
Québec Laurentides Deux-Montagnes RCM Oka ⓘ Husereau Hill	GOLD (1972)
ⓘ Oka complex	Gold (1969)

Chile
Santiago Metropolitan Region Chacabuco Province ⓘ Cuesta de Chacabuco	Fuentes et al. (2004)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Příbram District Psí hory gold mining district Chotilsko Mokrsko ⓘ Mokrsko-West gold deposit (Mokrsko Au deposit)	Jiří Zachariáš et al. (2014)

Ecuador
Santa Elena Province Manglaralto Canton ⓘ Ayampe River	R. S. Bowman and S. E. Delap (Eds.)

El Salvador
Usulután Department Berlín ⓘ Berlín geothermal field	implications for metal transport in natural systems. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research (1) +1 other reference

Ethiopia
Afar Region ⓘ Tendaho geothermal field	Gebregziabher (1998) +1 other reference

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Haute-Loire Brioude Saint-Privat-du-Dragon ⓘ Cerzat	B +1 other reference
Guadeloupe Basse-Terre Vieux-Habitants ⓘ Bouillante geothermal field	Mas et al. (2006)

Germany
Rhineland-Palatinate Vulkaneifel Daun Üdersdorf ⓘ Löhley	Hentschel

Iceland

Eastern Region Fjarðabyggð Reyðarfjörður ⓘ Reydarfjördur drill hole	Viereck et al. (1982)
Northeastern Region Þingeyjarsveit Skútustaðahreppur Myvatn ⓘ Krafla Volcano	Tamjidi +1 other reference
Southern Peninsula Grindavíkurbær ⓘ Trolladyngja	Lahan (2012)
Southern Region Grímsnes- og Grafningshreppur ⓘ Nesjavellir geothermal field	Kristmannsdottir et al. (1978)
Sveitarfélagið Ölfus ⓘ Hellisheiði geothermal field	Franzson et al. (2005, April)
Vatnajökull Glacier ⓘ Grímsvötn	Ágústsdóttir et al. (1994)

Indonesia
Lampung Province ⓘ Ulubelu geothermal field	...
West Java Province Garut Regency ⓘ Darajat geothermal field	Etzel et al. (2015)

Italy
Sicily Metropolitan City of Messina ⓘ San Filippo di Fragalà	Cardiano et al. (2008)
Tuscany Pisa Province Pomarance ⓘ Larderello	Bird et al. (1984)
Veneto Vicenza Province Cornedo Vicentino Spagnago ⓘ Grolla quarry	Lapis (12)

Japan
Akita Prefecture ⓘ Kazuno City	Yotaro Seki (1973)
Aomori Prefecture Kamikita District ⓘ Kamikita mine	INOUE et al. (1991)
Kuroishi City ⓘ Okiura	Onuki et al (1988)
ⓘ Natsudomari peninsula	Yotaro Seki (1973)
Fukushima Prefecture Koriyama City ⓘ Bandaiatami	Aoki et al. (1980)
Gunma Prefecture Katashina ⓘ Kurumazawa gabbro quarry	Alfredo Petrov specimen confirmed by ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Motojuku district	Yotaro Seki (1973)
Hokkaidō Prefecture Oshima Subprefecture Ofuna river ⓘ Hokko prospect	Scott et al. (1998)
Ishikawa Prefecture ⓘ Oshirakawa geothermal field	Yotaro Seki (1973)
Iwate Prefecture ⓘ Hachimantai geothermal area	Yotaro Seki (1973)
Kanagawa Prefecture Ashigarakami District ⓘ Tanzawa Mountains	Yotaro Seki (1973)
Ashigarashimo District ⓘ Yugawara	Econ Geol (1984)
Mie Prefecture Toba City ⓘ Sugashima	Harada et al. (1976)
Miyagi Prefecture ⓘ Onikobe geothermal field	Yotaro Seki (1973) +1 other reference
Oita Prefecture ⓘ Otake geothermal field	Yotaro Seki (1973) +1 other reference
Shimane Prefecture ⓘ Shimane Peninsula	Yotaro Seki (1973)
Shizuoka Prefecture Izu City ⓘ Seikoshi mine (Seigoshi Mine; Seigoushi mine)	Yotaro Seki (1973) +1 other reference
ⓘ Toi mine	Knut Eldjarn specimen
Kamo district Kawazu ⓘ Ikadaba	Aoki et al. (1980)
Tochigi Prefecture ⓘ Kawaji	Yotaro Seki (1973)

Jordan
Irbid Governorate Maqarin area ⓘ Yarmouk river	Khoury et al. (1985)

Mexico
Baja California Mexicali Municipality ⓘ Cerro Prieto geothermal field	Econ Geol (1984) +1 other reference
Baja California Sur Mulegé Municipality ⓘ Las Tres Vírgenes geothermal field	Hinojosa et al. (2005)

Namibia
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Aris ⓘ Aris Quarries ?	Wartha et al. (2006)

New Zealand
Bay of Plenty Region Kawerau District ⓘ Kawerau Geothermal field	R. Martin collection
Rotorua District ⓘ Waiotapu (Wai-O-Tapu)	their origin +1 other reference
Waikato Region Matamata-Piako District Te Aroha ⓘ Tui Mine	Courtney et al. (1990)
Taupo District ⓘ Broadlands (Ohaaki)	a coincidental trapping of fluids being ... +2 other references
ⓘ Tauhara geothermal field	Mauriohooho
Wairakei ⓘ Lake Rotokawa	Krupp et al. (1987)
ⓘ Ngatamariki thermal area (Pavlova Spring)	Browne et al. (1989)
ⓘ Wairakei geothermal area (Craters of the Moon) (TL)	Steiner (1955) +3 other references

Nicaragua
Chontales Department ⓘ La Libertad	Darce (1990)

Philippines
Visayas Eastern Visayas Region Samar Island Leyte ⓘ Tongonan geothermal field	Bird et al. (1984)

Romania
Cluj County Săndulești Copăceni ⓘ Metabasalt quarry	Kristály et al. (2003)
Harghita County ⓘ Ditrău Complex	Hirtopanu (2006) +1 other reference

Russia
Kamchatka Krai Yelizovsky District Mutnovsky volcano ⓘ Severo‐Mutnovsky thermal fields	Frolova et al. (2010, April)
Sakhalin Oblast Kuril Islands (Kurile Islands) Kurilsky District Iturup Island ⓘ Baranskogo hydrothermal field	Frolova et al. (2010, April)

Spain
Canary Islands Las Palmas Province Lanzarote Haría ⓘ Famara cliff	Strasser et al. (2006)

Sweden
Västerbotten County Malå ⓘ Rävliden North Mine	Rincon (2022)

Taiwan
ⓘ Tatun Volcano Group (Tatun geothermal field; Datun volcano group)	Bird et al. (1984)

Turkey
Ankara Province Beypazari District ⓘ Beypazarı trona deposit	Helvaci (1998)

Ukraine
Volyn Oblast ⓘ Zhyrychi Cu deposit	Emetz et al. (2005)

USA
Alaska Aleutians East Borough Unalaska Island ⓘ Makushin geothermal area	...
California Imperial County Heber ⓘ Heber geothermal field	Bird et al. (1984)
Kern County Mojave-Rosamond Mining District (Mojave Mining District) Rosamond ⓘ Paramount Pacific deposits	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 371 +3 other references
Sonoma County West Mayacmas Mining District ⓘ The Geysers	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 371 +6 other references
Colorado Huerfano County ⓘ Spanish Peaks	Eckel et al. (1997)
Las Animas County ⓘ Aguilar-Apishapa Pass	Eckel et al. (1997)
Michigan Keweenaw County ⓘ Portage Lake Volcanics	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Nevada Eureka County Beowawe Mining District ⓘ Ginn 1-13 well	Cole et al. (1984)
Storey County ⓘ Comstock Mining District	Castor et al. (2004)
Oregon Clackamas County ⓘ Swim Warm Springs	Bargar et al. (1997)
Columbia County Goble ⓘ Neer Road	Micro Probe Vol. 6 No. 5 Fall 1987
U.S. Virgin Islands ⓘ St Croix	Whetten (1965)
ⓘ Judith Fancy Formation	AmMin 50:752
St Thomas ⓘ Nadir	Donnelly (1962)
Washington Cowlitz County Wolf Point ⓘ 200 / 237 Road Quarry	Micro Probe Vol. 10 N0. 3 Spring '01
Lewis County ⓘ Ohanapecosh Basalts	Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Mount Rainier National Park	Tschernich (1992)
Pierce County ⓘ Ohanapecosh Basalts	Cannon (1975)
Wyoming Park County ⓘ Lower Geyser Basin	Bargar +1 other reference
ⓘ Yellowstone National Park	Bird et al. (1984) +1 other reference

Wairakite

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