Senarmontite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Senarmontite
Henri H. de Sénarmont
Formula:
Sb2O3
Colour:
Colourless to gray
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
5.5
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named by J.D. Dana in 1851 in honor of Henri Hureau de Sénarmont (6 September 1808, Broué, France – 30 June 1862, Paris, France), Professor of Mineralogy, School of Mines, Paris, who first described the species. De Sénarmont also made significant contributions to the study of polarization and demonstrating the anisotropy of heat diffusion in a crystal.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Isostructural with:
This page provides mineralogical data about Senarmontite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3618
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3618:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
d86e5c49-6f07-4872-98d8-6a97f562ae53
IMA Classification of Senarmontite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1851
Classification of Senarmontite
4.CB.50
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4.3.9.2
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
7.13.3
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Sen | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Sen | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Senarmontite
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless to gray
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
{111} in traces.
{111} in traces.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.5 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.584 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Senarmontite
Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 2.087
Birefringence:
Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:
Very High
Anisotropism:
Strong anomalous anisotropism, sectored or zoned.
Chemistry of Senarmontite
Mindat Formula:
Sb2O3
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Senarmontite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.1519(2) Å
Unit Cell V:
1,386.90 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Morphology:
Octahedral crystals, modified by cube and dodecahedron.
Comment:
On synthetic material
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009536 | Senarmontite | Svensson C (1975) Refinement of the crystal structure of cubic antiomony trioxide, Sb2O3 Acta Crystallographica B31 2016-2018 |  | 1975 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0010494 | Senarmontite | Dehlinger U (1927) Uber die kristallstruktur der antimonoxyde Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 66 108-119 |  | 1927 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012430 | Senarmontite | Whitten A E, Dittrich B, Spackman M A, Turner P, Brown T C (2004) Charge density analysis of two polymorphs of antimony(III) oxide Dalton Transactions 2004 23-29 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0014075 | Senarmontite | Bozorth R M (1923) The crystal structures of the cubic forms of arsenious and antimonous oxides Journal of the American Chemical Society 45 1621-1627 | 1923 | Mt. Hamimat, Algeria | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015530 | Senarmontite | Zav'yalova A A, Imamov R M (1975) About the structure of the cubic modification of Sb2O3 Soviet Journal of Coordination Chemistry 1 1186-1188 | 1975 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.44 Å | (12) |
| 3.218 Å | (100) |
| 2.788 Å | (40) |
| 2.559 Å | (11) |
| 1.972 Å | (42) |
| 1.681 Å | (35) |
| 1.279 Å | (12) |
Comments:
Synthetic.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Senarmontite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Cavernous masses composed of capillary filaments, parallel or slightly divergent. Also in saccharoid masses, granular or compact, with cavities of octahedral crystals to 1 cm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone of an antimony deposit.
Synonyms of Senarmontite
Other Language Names for Senarmontite
German:Senarmontit
Russian:Сенармонтит
Simplified Chinese:方锑矿
Spanish:Senarmontita
Traditional Chinese:方銻礦
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 60 photos of Senarmontite associated with Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 45 photos of Senarmontite associated with Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| 34 photos of Senarmontite associated with Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| 17 photos of Senarmontite associated with Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| 15 photos of Senarmontite associated with Antimony | Sb |
| 10 photos of Senarmontite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 10 photos of Senarmontite associated with Sulphur | S8 |
| 8 photos of Senarmontite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 6 photos of Senarmontite associated with Celestine | SrSO4 |
| 6 photos of Senarmontite associated with Tripuhyite | Fe3+Sb5+O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CB. | Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB. | Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S | Mg5Al11TiO23(OH) |
| 4.CB. | Zhenruite | (MoO3)2 · H2O |
| 4.CB. | Pengite | (Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35 |
| 4.CB. | Virgilluethite | MoO3 · H2O |
| 4.CB.05 | Brizziite | NaSb5+O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Corundum | Al2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Karelianite | V3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Melanostibite | Mn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6 |
| 4.CB.05 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Auroantimonate | AuSbO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | UM1998-11-O-AuHSb | Au+2Sb3+O2(OH) |
| 4.CB.05 | Tistarite | Ti3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide) | FeCrO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hemleyite | (Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Avicennite | Tl2O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Fe) | (Fe,Mn)2O3 |
| 4.CB.15 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Sassite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Ferropseudobrookite | Fe2+Ti2O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Griffinite | Al2TiO5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite Group | |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N2S | [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N6S | [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S | [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Ferrohögbomite-6N12S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S | (Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)sum=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S | (Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincovelesite-6N6S | Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH) |
| 4.CB.25 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.25 | Kleberite | FeTi6O11(OH)5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Berdesinskiite | V3+2TiO5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Oxyvanite | V3+2V4+O5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Kaitianite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.35 | Olkhonskite | (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Schreyerite | V3+2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Machiite | Al2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Vestaite | (Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9 |
| 4.CB.40 | Kamiokite | Fe2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Nolanite | V3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.40 | Rinmanite | Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.40 | Iseite | Mn2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Majindeite | Mg2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.45 | Claudetite | As2O3 |
| 4.CB.45 | Stibioclaudetite | AsSbO3 |
| 4.CB.50 | Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| 4.CB.55 | Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| 4.CB.60 | Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| 4.CB.65 | Sphaerobismoite | Bi2O3 |
| 4.CB.70 | Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 |
| 4.CB.75 | Kyzylkumite | V3+Ti2O5(OH) |
| 4.CB.80 | Tietaiyangite | Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9 |
| 4.CB.85 | Liuite | FeTiO3 |
| 4.CB.90 | Luogufengite | Fe2O3 |
| 4.CB.95 | Wangdaodeite | FeTiO3 |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
In a closed tube, fuses and partially sublimates. Before the blowpipe, on charcoal, fuses easily and gives a white coating.
Notes:
Soluble in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Senarmontite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3618.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Senarmontite
Localities for Senarmontite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| de Senarmont (1851) +1 other reference |
| Bernard et al. (2004) | |
Australia | |
| Adam McKinnon pers comm |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| www.mindat.org (2015) | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Ryan Eagle personal observation 2016 |
| Birch (2015) |
| I.M. Threadgold (1958) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson (1952) | |
| MacLeod (1991) |
Austria | |
| Huber et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
| C.Auer (2016) | |
| W. Paar (1980) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Groß (1983) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Auer (2023) |
Cambodia | |
Canada | |
| Kaiman +3 other references |
| Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference |
| an example of gudmundite-native ... +3 other references |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
Chile | |
| Ondruš et al. (2006) |
China | |
| Chunlin Yang (1993) |
| Ottens (2006) +1 other reference |
| Yong Xia et al. (1993) |
| Xuexiang Gu et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Ottens (2007) |
| Jianfang Zhang et al. (2010) +2 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| |
| Pauliš | |
| Habermann (1995) +1 other reference |
| Fojt +8 other references |
Ecuador | |
| an NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared ... +1 other reference |
Finland | |
| Sandström et al. (2009) |
| Geological Survey of Finland website |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) | |
France | |
| J.-J. Périchaud: Les Minéraux d'Auvergne et al. (1985) |
| Michel Bretheau Collection |
| Boisson et al. (2017) |
| Queneau (n.d.) | |
| C. Vialaron : La mine d'antimoine de Daü et al. (1999) | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Bernardini et al. (1982-1983) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| R.PIERROT et al. (1973) |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Pierre Le Roch photo & collection |
| Wittern (1997) |
| FLUCK et al. (1992) |
| Cassian (?) |
| Une ancienne mine d'Antimoine dans le Limousin aurifère ( Georges Hyvert ) |
| Thiery et al. (2020) |
| Pigetvieux (1981) |
| Bernadi G. (2004) |
| |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Lapis 23 (12) |
| [Wittern (1995) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Meier (1995) |
| Lapis (6) |
| 54 (in German) +2 other references |
| Volker Reppke Collection |
| Lapis 2001 (6) |
| Lapis (3) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Tröger (2012) |
| 43-47 +2 other references |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
Greenland | |
| Petersen (2001) |
| Karup-Møller et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
Hungary | |
| |
| MAMIT | |
| Acta Min. Petr.: SbO minerals of Hungary |
Italy | |
| Russo et al. (2004) |
| dbami.amiminerals.it (n.d.) |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| AA. VV. |
| Lovisato (1894) +1 other reference |
| Del Caldo et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| AA. VV. |
| Pelloux (1913) |
| Pelloux (1913) +1 other reference |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (Casal di Pari-GR) |
| Brizzi G. (1985) +1 other reference | |
| Gianfranco Ciccolini Collection |
| Meli (2000) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Sitta et al. (1981) |
| Innocenti F. et al. (Semproniano, Grosseto) |
| Bonifazi (2020) |
| AA. VV. | |
| Benvenuti M. et al. (1992/93) |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Biagioni et al. (2017) |
| Bardi et al. (2009) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Yamada (2004) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) | |
| Evseev (1995) |
Luxembourg | |
| 43-45 +5 other references |
Malaysia | |
| Amer.Min. (1978) +3 other references |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
Namibia | |
| Desor (03/21) |
New Zealand | |
| Wilson et al. (2004) |
| 2004 |
| J. Thornton Puhipuhi area in Essence of Microscope (NZ) |
| Ashley et al. (1995) |
North Macedonia | |
| Boev et al. (1993) |
| Mudrinic et al. (1997) |
| Đorđević et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| OT. Ljøstad photo and collection. |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves analytical data. |
| |
| |
Romania | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Carpathian Reg. |
| collected: Gábor Koller |
| Gábor Koller collection (EDS-analysed by Sándor Szakáll and Béla Fehér) | |
Russia | |
| Sidorov +5 other references |
| Tolstykh et al. (2019) | |
| Silyanov et al. (2021) |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
Serbia | |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) | |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević +4 other references |
| _jasun McAvoy specimen | |
| Ministry of Mining and Energy (2002) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| [Bálintová T. et al. (Slovakia) |
| Ďuďa (1993) |
| Kenngott (1852) +2 other references |
| Uher et al. (2000) |
| Chovan M. | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Klimko et al. (2009) | |
| Pauliš P. | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Števko M. (2022) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Duda et. all. |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Michalenko (1967) |
| Chovan et al. (1995) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Navarro et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Rewitzer et al. (part2) |
| Calvo (2009) |
| Calvo (2009) |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Sandström (2008) |
Switzerland | |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Schmutz et al. (1986) | |
Tajikistan | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Turkey | |
| Arik (2012) |
UK | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Russell (1927) +1 other reference |
| Kingsbury (1957) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Fortey et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Day (1999) |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| |
USA | |
| Stolburg (1984) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 185. +1 other reference |
| Mining and Scientific Press (1915) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| R.O. Meyer collection |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 185. +1 other reference |
| Min.Rec.: 20:427-434. |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 185. +1 other reference |
| Min.Rec.: 20:429-432 |
| Goldsmith (1873) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Genth | |
| K. Starnes |
| K. Starnes |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Sabir K. Mustafin data |
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Djebel Hammimat Mine, Aïn Babouche, Ain Babouche District, Oum el Bouaghi Province, Algeria