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Varbola, Estonia

Formation	Varbola
Age:	443 - 436 Ma Silurian
Interval	Juuru
Lithology	packstone/"limestone", "limestone"
Number of Collections	30
Number of Occurrences	128

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
Reinu Quarry	Estonia	Varbola
Härgla Quarry	Estonia	Varbola
Heltermaa-1	Hiiumaa Island, Hiiumaa County, Estonia	Varbola
Kabala borehole	Järva County, Estonia	Varbola
Varbla borehole	Estonia	Varbola
Pärnu 1 borehole	Estonia	Varbola
Atla River	Estonia	Varbola
Sarve penninsula	Hiiumaa Island, Hiiumaa County, Estonia	Varbola
Kaugatuma - 509 borehole	Saare County, Estonia	Varbola
Vao 20 borehole	Järva County, Estonia	Varbola
Vahtrepa	Hiiumaa Island, Hiiumaa County, Estonia	Varbola
Orjaku	Hiiumaa Island, Hiiumaa County, Estonia	Varbola
Koigi exposure	Järva County, Estonia	Varbola
Kiltsi quarry	Lääne County, Estonia	Varbola
Rumba	Lääne County, Estonia	Varbola
Pullapea	Estonia	Varbola
Kuimetsa quarry	Estonia	Varbola
Rohuküla quarry	Estonia	Varbola
Kirikuküla borhole	Lääne County, Estonia	Varbola
Äiamaa borehole	Järva County, Estonia	Varbola
Rõusa 5 borehole	Estonia	Varbola
Oela	Estonia	Varbola
Pusku 2 borehole	Lääne County, Estonia	Varbola
Sulustvere borehole	Estonia	Varbola
Põltsamaa core	Estonia	Varbola

Associated Units

Stratigraphic Name	Age	Lithology	Occurrence Records
Adila	450 - 446 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	limestone	84
Ärina - Röa	446 - 444 Ma Paleozoic	dolomite, "limestone"/grainstone	13
Ärina - Torevere	446 - 444 Ma Paleozoic	limestone	20
Ärina - Vohilaid	446 - 444 Ma Paleozoic	grainstone, "limestone"	25
Hilliste	443 - 436 Ma Silurian	limestone, "reef rocks"	135
Jaani	428 - 426 Ma Silurian	limestone, marl, claystone/marl	119
Kaugatuma	423 - 419 Ma Paleozoic	limestone	30
Kuressaare - Kaugatuma	423 - 419 Ma Paleozoic	limestone	6
Nurmekund - Järva-Jaani	443 - 436 Ma Silurian	limestone	6
Nurmekund - Vändra	443 - 436 Ma Silurian	limestone	6
Õhne	439 - 428 Ma Silurian	limestone	86
Õhne-Nurmekund	443 - 436 Ma Silurian	limestone	1
Paekna	452 - 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	limestone, marl, "limestone"/marl	57
Raikküla	443 - 433 Ma Silurian	limestone, dolomite, "limestone"/marl	34
Riga	428 - 423 Ma Silurian	marl/"limestone", marl/lime mudstone, marl, "shale", "limestone", "limestone"/lime mudstone, marl/dolomite	270
Rumba	439 - 428 Ma Silurian	limestone, grainstone/marl, "limestone"/grainstone	44
Saarde	443 - 436 Ma Silurian	limestone	32
Tamsalu	421 - 419 Ma Paleozoic	limestone/marl, "limestone"	165
Tamsalu - Hilliste	443 - 439 Ma Silurian		37
Tamsalu - Karinu	443 - 439 Ma Silurian	limestone, grainstone	30
Tamsalu - Ridala	443 - 439 Ma Silurian	grainstone, "limestone"	5
Tamsalu - Tammiku	443 - 439 Ma Silurian	limestone, rudstone	21
Tudulinna	452 - 446 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	limestone/marl, marl, "limestone"	54
Vasalemma	453 - 443 Ma Paleozoic	limestone, grainstone/wackestone, wackestone/quartzite, grainstone, grainstone/"limestone", "mixed carbonate-siliciclastic"	195
Velise	439 - 428 Ma Silurian	dolomite/marl, claystone, "limestone"	336
Velise - Jaani	439 - 426 Ma Silurian	limestone	2

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Ancyrochitina sp. genus	6	Sarcodina : Rhizopodea : *Ancyrochitina*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Cyathochitina sp. genus	6	Sarcodina : Rhizopodea : *Cyathochitina*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Stenopareia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Illaenidae : *Stenopareia*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Hindella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Athyridida : Meristellidae : *Hindella*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Zygospira sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Atrypida : Anazygidae : *Zygospira*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Zygospiraella duboisi species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Atrypida : Atrypidae : Zygospiraella : *Zygospiraella duboisi*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Alispira sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Atrypida : Atrypinidae : *Alispira*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Dalmanella cyclica species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Dalmanellidae : Dalmanella : *Dalmanella cyclica*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Isorthis mediocra species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Dalmanellidae : Isorthis : *Isorthis mediocra*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Onniella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Dalmanellidae : *Onniella*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Onniella trigona species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Dalmanellidae : Onniella : *Onniella trigona*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Epitomyonia glypha species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Dicoelosiidae : Epitomyonia : *Epitomyonia glypha*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Glyptorthis irrupta species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Glyptorthidae : Glyptorthis : *Glyptorthis irrupta*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Hesperorthis davidsoni species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Hesperorthidae : Hesperorthis : *Hesperorthis davidsoni*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Hesperorthis hillistensis species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Hesperorthidae : Hesperorthis : *Hesperorthis hillistensis*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Ptychopleurella erecta species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Hesperorthidae : Ptychopleurella : *Ptychopleurella erecta*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Neoplatystrophia affabilis species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Platystrophiidae : Neoplatystrophia : *Neoplatystrophia affabilis*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Mendacella circularis species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Rhipidomellidae : Mendacella : *Mendacella circularis*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Clorilamnulella undata species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Pentamerida : Clorindidae : Clorilamnulella : *Clorilamnulella undata*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Pentamerus oblongus species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Pentamerida : Pentameridae : Pentamerus : *Pentamerus oblongus*	443.4 - 436 Ma Silurian
Stricklandia lens species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Pentamerida : Stricklandiidae : Stricklandia : *Stricklandia lens*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Borealis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Pentamerida : Virgianidae : *Borealis*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Skenidioides hymiri species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Protorthida : Skenidiidae : Skenidioides : *Skenidioides hymiri*	443.4 - 436 Ma Silurian
Coolinia applanata species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Orthotetida : Chilidiopsidae : Coolinia : *Coolinia applanata*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Coolinia pecten species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Orthotetida : Chilidiopsidae : Coolinia : *Coolinia pecten*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Triplesia insularis species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Orthotetida : Triplesiidae : Triplesia : *Triplesia insularis*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Triplesia maennili species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Orthotetida : Triplesiidae : Triplesia : *Triplesia maennili*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Eoamphistrophia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Amphistrophiidae : *Eoamphistrophia*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Leptaenoidea biohermica species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Strophomenidae : Leptaenoidea : *Leptaenoidea biohermica*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Leangella (Leangella) scissa species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Leptestiidae : Leangella : *Leangella (Leangella) scissa*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Eostropheodonta delicata species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Stropheodontidae : Strophodonta : *Eostropheodonta delicata*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Leptaena (Leptaena) haverfordensis species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Rafinesquinidae : Leptaena : *Leptaena (Leptaena) haverfordensis*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Katastrophomena (Katastrophomena) woodlandensis species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Strophomenidae : Katastrophomena : *Katastrophomena (Katastrophomena) woodlandensis*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Paltodus equicostatus species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Distacodontidae : Panderodus : *Paltodus equicostatus*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Paltodus panderi species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Distacodontidae : Panderodus : *Paltodus panderi*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Palaeofavosites rudis species	7	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Favositidae : Paleofavosites : *Palaeofavosites rudis*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Paleofavosites sp. genus	6	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Favositidae : *Paleofavosites*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Acidolites sp. genus	6	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Heliolitidae : *Acidolites*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Catenipora gotlandica species	7	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Heliolitida : Halysitidae : Catenipora : *Catenipora gotlandica*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Paerticrinus arvosus species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Paerticrinidae : Paerticrinus : *Paerticrinus arvosus*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Ecclimadictyon koigiense species	7	Animalia : Porifera : Ecclimadictyidae : Ecclimadictyon : *Ecclimadictyon koigiense*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Ecclimadictyon microfastigiatum species	7	Animalia : Porifera : Ecclimadictyidae : Ecclimadictyon : *Ecclimadictyon microfastigiatum*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Ecclimadictyon microvesiculosum species	7	Animalia : Porifera : Stromatoporoidea : Clathrodictyida : Actinodictyidae : Ecclimadictyon : *Ecclimadictyon microvesiculosum*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Clathrodictyon boreale species	7	Animalia : Porifera : Clathrodictyidae : Clathrodictyon : *Clathrodictyon boreale*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Clathrodictyon demissum species	7	Animalia : Porifera : Clathrodictyidae : Clathrodictyon : *Clathrodictyon demissum*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Clathrodictyon lennuki species	7	Animalia : Porifera : Clathrodictyidae : Clathrodictyon : *Clathrodictyon lennuki*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Clathrodictyon sulevi species	7	Animalia : Porifera : Clathrodictyidae : Clathrodictyon : *Clathrodictyon sulevi*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian
Forolinia brevis species	7	Animalia : Porifera : Stromatoporoidea : Labechiida : Labechiidae : Forolinia : *Forolinia brevis*	443.4 - 439 Ma Silurian

References

Nestor H., Kala E. (1968) A Stratigraphic revision of the lowermost Silurian in the northern east - baltic area, Stratigraphy of the Baltic Lower Paleozoic and its Correlation with other areas, 212-215

Rubel M. (1977) Evolution of the Genus Stricklandia (Pentamerida, Brach.) in the Llandovery of Estonia, Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S. S. R. Institute of Geology : Facies and Fauna of the Baltic Silurian, 193-211

Aaloe A. O., Nestor H. E. (1977) Biogermnaya fatsiya v yuuruskom gorizonte (nizhniy llandoveri) v severo-zapadnoy Estonii [Biohermal facies in the Juuru stage (Lower Llandoverian) in NW Estonia], in D. L. Kaljo, Fatsii i fauna silura Pribaltiki [Facies and fauna of the Baltic Silurian], 71-88

Nestor H., Einasto R., et al (2003) Correlation of lower–middle Llandovery sections in central and southern Estonia and sedimentation cycles of lime muds, Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology 52 1, 3-27

Rubel M. (2011) Silurian brachiopods Dictyonellida, Strophomenida, Productida, Orthotetida, Protorthida and Orthida from Estonia, Fossilia Baltica 4, 1-65

Wright D. F., Toom U. (2017) New crinoids from the Baltic region (Estonia): fossil tip-dating phylogenetics constrains the origin and Ordovician–Silurian diversification of the Flexibilia (Echinodermata), Palaeontology 60 6 doi:10.1111/pala.12324

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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