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Strophomenidae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3252418	https://www.gbif.org/species/3252418
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	86573	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=86573

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Strophomenidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
-	Lophophorata
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Strophomenata	Williams et al 1996
order	Strophomenida	Opik 1934
superfamily	Strophomenoidea	King 1846
family	Strophomenidae	King 1846

Scientific Name

Strophomenidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Protremata	stated with evidence	Raymond, 1911
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenacea	stated without evidence	Phleger, 1933
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenacea	stated with evidence	Alikhova, 1953
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenida	stated without evidence	Macomber, 1970
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenacea	stated with evidence	Neuman and Bruton, 1974
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenacea	stated without evidence	Bassett and Cocks, 1974
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenacea	stated with evidence	Mitchell, 1977
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenacea	stated without evidence	Howe, 1988
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenoidea	stated with evidence	Jin and Chatterton, 1997
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenoidea	stated without evidence	Popov et al., 2000
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenoidea	stated with evidence	Musteikis and Cocks, 2004
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenoidea	stated without evidence	Zhan et al., 2008
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenoidea	stated with evidence	Cocks, 2010
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenoidea	stated without evidence	Hoel, 2011
Strophomenidae	family	belongs to Strophomenoidea	stated with evidence	Jakobsen et al., 2014

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

310

Extant Size (PBDB)

9 (2.9%)

First Recorded Appearance

485 - 478 Ma
Paleozoic

Motility

stationary (based on Strophomenida)

Vision

blind (based on Strophomenata)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Strophomenida)

Ecospace Comments

BODY SIZE: Based on component genera; 7 of 8 genera share 10 to < 100 length, 8 of 8 share 10 to < 100 width.

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite (based on Brachiopoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. W. Macomber. 1970. Articulate Brachiopods from the Upper Bighorn Formation (Late Ordovician) of Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology 44(3):416-450

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Furcitellinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1,028	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	0 Ma Extant
Leptaenoideinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Oepikinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Orthotetinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Rafinesquinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Strophomeninae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1,377	485 Ma Cambrian	347 Ma Carboniferous
Actinomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		20	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Bekkerina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		33	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Bellimurina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		34	467 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Biparetis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	441 Ma Silurian
Chunanomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Crassoseptaria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cyphomena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dactylogonia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		111	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	426 Ma Silurian
Dzhebaglina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Furcitella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Geniculina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		30	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Geniculomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Gosaukammerella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		20	242 Ma Middle Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Gunnarella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		31	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Haljalanites genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	0 Ma Extant
Holtedahlina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		105	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Iberomena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Iberomena ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Infurca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Karomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Katastrophomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		176	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	427 Ma Silurian
Keilamena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Kirkina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Kukrusena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Leigerina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Leptaenoidea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	443 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Longvillia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		31	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Luhaia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		23	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Molongcola ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Murinella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		20	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Nasutimena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		70	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Ochyromena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	470 Ma Middle Ordovician	470 Ma Middle Ordovician
Oepikina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		225	470 Ma Middle Ordovician	0 Ma Extant
Opikina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		67	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Oslomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Oxostrophomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	466 Ma Middle Ordovician
Panderites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	464 Ma Middle Ordovician	464 Ma Middle Ordovician
Pentlandina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		72	443 Ma Silurian	426 Ma Silurian
Pseudostrophomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Quondongia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Rugomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Sakunites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Saxbyonia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Septomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		36	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Strophomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Tallinnites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	464 Ma Middle Ordovician
Teratelasmella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Tetraphalerella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		110	468 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Titanomena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	446 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Transridgeia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Trigrammaria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		34	470 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Trotlandella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	466 Ma Middle Ordovician

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1846	Strophomenidae King
1911	Strophomenidae Raymond
1933	Strophomenidae Phleger, Jr. p. 17
1953	Strophomenidae Alikhova
1956	Strophomenidae Oraspold
1970	Strophomenidae Macomber
1974	Strophomenidae Bassett and Cocks
1974	Strophomenidae Neuman and Bruton
1977	Strophomenidae Mitchell
1982	Strophomenidae Owen and Harper
1988	Strophomenidae Howe p. 215

Year	Name and Author
1997	Strophomenidae Jin and Chatterton
2000	Strophomenidae Popov et al.
2000	Strophomenidae Williams et al. p. 220
2004	Strophomenidae Musteikis and Cocks
2008	Strophomenidae Zhan et al.
2010	Strophomenidae Cocks
2011	Strophomenidae Hoel
2011	Strophomenidae Rubel
2014	Strophomenidae Jakobsen et al.
2017	Strophomenidae Liljeroth et al.

References

Macomber R. W. (1970) Articulate Brachiopods from the Upper Bighorn Formation (Late Ordovician) of Wyoming, Journal of Paleontology 44 3, 416-450

Raymond P. E. (1911) The Brachiopoda and Ostracoda of the Chazyan, Annals of the Carnegie Museum 7, 215-259

Phleger, Jr. F. B. (1933) Notes on certain Ordovician faunas of the Inyo Mountains, California, Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 32 1, 1-21

Alikhova T. N. (1953) Rukovodyashchaya fauna brakhiopod ordovikskikh otlozhenij severo-sapadnoy chasti russkoj platformy, Trudy Vsesoyusnogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologicheskogo Instituta (VSEBEI) Ministerstva Geologichestii i Okhrany NEDR, 1-127

Oraspold A. L. (1956) New brachiopods from the Jõhvi, Keila and Vasalemma stages, Trudy Instituta geologii AN ESSR 1, 41-67

Bassett M. G., Cocks L. R. M. (1974) A review of Silurian brachiopods from Gotland, Fossils and Strata 3, 1-56

Neuman R. B., Bruton D. L. (1974) Early Middle Ordovician fossils from the Hølonda area, Trondheim Region, Norway, Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 54, 69-115

Mitchell W. I. (1977) The Ordovician Brachiopoda from Pomeroy, Co. Tyrone, The Palaeontographical Society Monographs 130 545, 1-138

Owen A. W., Harper D. A. T. (1982) The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway, 31. The upper Caradoc trilobites and brachiopods from Vestbraten, Ringerike, Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 62, 95-120

Howe H. J. (1988) Articulate brachiopods from the Richmondian of Tennessee, Journal of Paleontology 62 2, 204-218

Jin J., Chatterton B. D. E. (1997) Latest Ordovician-Silurian articulate brachiopods and biostratigraphy of the Avalanche Lake area, southwestern District of Mackenzie, Canada, Palaeontographica Canadiana 13, 1-62

Popov L. E., Nitikin I. F., et al (2000) Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Otar Member of the Chu-Ili Range, south Kazakhstan, Palaeontology 43 5, 833-870

Williams A., Carlson S. J., et al (2000) Part H Brachiopoda (revised): Volumes 2 & 3, Linguliformea, Craniiformea, Rhynchonelliformea (part)., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 1-919

Musteikis P., Cocks L. R. M. (2004) Strophomenide and orthotetide Silurian brachiopods from the Baltic region, with particular reference to Lithuanian boreholes, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 3, 455-482

Zhan R., Jin J., et al (2008) Strophomenide brachiopods from the Changwu Formation (Late Katian, Late Ordovician) of Chun'an, western Zhejiang, south-east China, Palaeontology 51 3, 737-766

Cocks L. R. (2010) Caradoc Strophomenoid and Plectambonitoid Brachiopods from Wales and the Welsh Borderland, Palaeontology 53 5, 1155-1200

Hoel O. A. (2011) Strophomenidae, Leptostrophiidae, Strophodontidae and Shaleriidae (Brachiopoda, Strophomenida) from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 85, 201-229 doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0088-3

Rubel M. (2011) Silurian brachiopods Dictyonellida, Strophomenida, Productida, Orthotetida, Protorthida and Orthida from Estonia, Fossilia Baltica 4, 1-65

Jakobsen K. G., Brock G. A., et al (2014) Brachiopods associated with stromatoporoid mounds from the Middle to Upper Ordovician Cashions Creek Limestone, Tasmania, Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 45 45, 249-265

Liljeroth M., Harper D. A. T., et al (2017) Ordovician rhynchonelliformean brachiopods from Co. Waterford, SE Ireland: Palaeobiogeography of the Leinster Terrane, Fossils and Strata 62, 1-164 doi:10.111/let.12205

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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