Named by Emil Makovicky, Dan Topa, and Tonci Balić-Žunić in 2001 in honor of Werner H. Paar (Salzburg, 15 September 1942 - ), Professor of Mineralogy at the University of Salzburg, Austria. He made special contributions to the ore deposit potential in the Austrian Alps.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Western ore field, Mittersill Scheelite deposit, Mittersill, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria

Aikinite-Bismuthinite Series.

Stoichiometrically similar to salzburgite.

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Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

26454

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:26454:3

GUID
(UUID V4):

77091ac2-f7bb-4c56-9d9f-8367cceda67b

IMA Classification of PaariteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Cu_1.7Pb_1.7Bi_6.3S₁₂

Approval year:

2001

First published:

2005

Type description reference:

Topa, Dan, Makovicky, Emil, Balić-Žunić, Tonči (2005) Mineralogical data on salzburgite and paarite, two new members of the bismuthinite-aikinite series. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43 (3) 909-917 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.909

Classification of PaariteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

2.HB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Paa	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of PaariteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Light grey

Hardness:

3½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=195 - 286 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
Perfect {0kl}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

6.94 g/cm³ (Measured) 6.944 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of PaariteHide

Anisotropism:

Distinct in air, strong in oil

Bireflectance:

Perceptable in air and moderate in oil

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
400nm	38.50%	48.74%
420nm	38.18%	48.58%
440nm	38.36%	48.24%
460nm	38.32%	48.16%
470nm	38.27%	48.23%
480nm	38.07%	48.26%
500nm	38.02%	48.61%
520nm	37.74%	48.48%
546nm	37.42%	48.56%
560nm	37.18%	48.50%
580nm	36.93%	48.09%
589nm	36.75%	47.90%
600nm	36.51%	47.68%
620nm	36.32%	46.69%
640nm	36.20%	46.69%
650nm	36.00%	46.53%
660nm	35.82%	46.32%
680nm	35.51%	45.65%
700nm	35.48%	45.21%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 48.74%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

White with a creamy tint

Internal Reflections:

None

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

White and creamy tints.

Chemistry of PaariteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb_1.7Cu_1.7Bi_6.3S₁₂

Elements listed:

Bi, Cu, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of PaariteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal

Space Group:

Pbcn

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.0070(6) Å, b = 55.998(8) Å, c = 11.512(2) Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.072 : 1 : 0.206

Unit Cell V:

2,583.11 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0005754	Paarite	Makovicky E, Topa D, Balic-Zunic T (2001) The crystal structure of paarite, the newly discovered 56 A derivative of the bismuthinite-aikinite solid-solution series The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1377-1382		2001		0	293
0006080	Paarite	Petricek V, Makovicky E (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite - aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures The Canadian Mineralogist 44 189-206		2006	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Paarite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Makovicky E'
'Topa D'
'Balic-Zunic T'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 39 
_journal_year 2001
_journal_page_first 1377
_journal_page_last 1382
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of paarite, the newly discovered 56 A derivative
 of the bismuthinite-aikinite solid-solution series
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005754
_chemical_formula_sum 'Bi8 Pb2 Cu2 S15'
_cell_length_a 4.0070
_cell_length_b 55.998
_cell_length_c 11.512
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 2583.108
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.928
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P m c n'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2-x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,-y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  'x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Bi1   0.75000   0.06455   0.50740   0.04180
Bi2   0.25000   0.00787   0.65750   0.04380
Bi3   0.75000   0.03372   0.02090   0.04050
Bi4   0.25000   0.16240  -0.02900   0.04270
Bi5   0.25000   0.09265   0.14760   0.04490
Bi6   0.75000   0.23416   0.00810   0.04190
Bi7   0.25000   0.13711   0.47430   0.04230
Bi8   0.25000   0.29219   0.14600   0.04470
Pb1   0.75000   0.09871   0.81710   0.04890
Pb2   0.75000   0.19974   0.31670   0.04830
Cu1   0.75000   0.15692   0.71920   0.04800
Cu2   0.75000   0.14191   0.21970   0.05000
S1   0.25000   0.08920   0.60860   0.04000
S2   0.25000   0.02520   0.44840   0.03900
S3   0.75000   0.04020   0.70840   0.03800
S4   0.25000   0.01040   0.12700   0.04100
S5   0.25000   0.07140   0.94800   0.03800
S6   0.25000   0.13790   0.77230   0.03900
S7   0.75000   0.18810   0.86730   0.04000
S8   0.75000   0.12520   0.03620   0.04300
S9   0.75000   0.06130   0.21260   0.03900
S10   0.25000   0.21030   0.11010   0.03900
S11   0.25000   0.22810   0.44370   0.04000
S12   0.25000   0.16090   0.27480   0.03900
S13   0.75000   0.11200   0.37270   0.03900
S14   0.75000   0.17510   0.53720   0.04100
S15   0.75000   0.23940   0.70580   0.03900
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Bi1 0.03980 0.04200 0.04370 0.00000 0.00000 0.00390
Bi2 0.04340 0.04470 0.04330 0.00000 0.00000 0.00170
Bi3 0.03930 0.03950 0.04280 0.00000 0.00000 0.00220
Bi4 0.04100 0.04680 0.04040 0.00000 0.00000 0.00130
Bi5 0.04540 0.04320 0.04620 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00310
Bi6 0.03970 0.04350 0.04260 0.00000 0.00000 0.00450
Bi7 0.04030 0.04730 0.03930 0.00000 0.00000 0.00270
Bi8 0.04510 0.04770 0.04130 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00450
Pb1 0.05030 0.04930 0.04700 0.00000 0.00000 0.00460
Pb2 0.04840 0.04960 0.04700 0.00000 0.00000 0.00570
Cu1 0.05000 0.05500 0.04100 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Cu2 0.05200 0.05200 0.04400 0.00000 0.00000 0.00400
S1 0.04900 0.03600 0.03600 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
S2 0.04000 0.04400 0.03400 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00300
S3 0.03900 0.03100 0.04300 0.00000 0.00000 0.00500
S4 0.03900 0.04900 0.03400 0.00000 0.00000 0.00400
S5 0.03500 0.04600 0.03300 0.00000 0.00000 0.00400
S6 0.04300 0.03300 0.04200 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00100
S7 0.04600 0.03200 0.04200 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00100
S8 0.04200 0.04900 0.03600 0.00000 0.00000 0.00300
S9 0.04100 0.03600 0.03900 0.00000 0.00000 0.00500
S10 0.04300 0.02800 0.04500 0.00000 0.00000 0.00400
S11 0.04500 0.02900 0.04400 0.00000 0.00000 0.00200
S12 0.04000 0.04300 0.03400 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00100
S13 0.04400 0.03500 0.03700 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00700
S14 0.04500 0.03800 0.03900 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00100
S15 0.04100 0.03900 0.03700 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00800

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.63 Å	(100)
3.55 Å	(85)
2.83 Å	(95)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of PaariteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Western ore field, Mittersill Scheelite deposit, Mittersill, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria

General Appearance of Type Material:

Minute prismatic crystals to 0.2 mm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mineralogical Institute, University of Salzburg, Austria.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Sulphosalt bearing quartz veins, hosted by paleozoic amphibolites, hornblendites and granite gneisses.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Salzburgite	Krupkaite	Gladite	Cosalite	Cannizzarite
Gustavite-Lillianite Series	Pavonite	Makovickyite	Tetradymite	Bismuth
Chalcopyrite	Pyrite	Quartz

Reference:

Topa, D., Makovicky, E., and Balić-Žunić, T. (2005) Mineralogical data on salzburgite and paarite, two new members of the bismuthinite–aikinite series. The Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 909-917.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/CM43_909.pdf

Synonyms of PaariteHide

IMA2001-016

Other Language Names for PaariteHide

German:Paarit

Russian:Паарит

Simplified Chinese:帕硫铋铅铜矿

Traditional Chinese:帕硫鉍鉛銅礦

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.HB.	Barikaite	Ag₃Pb₁₀(Sb₈As₁₁)S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.	Carducciite	(Ag₂Sb₂)Pb₁₂(As,Sb)₁₆S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.	Sardashtite	Ag₉Cu_2.5Pb₄₁Sb_36.5As₇S₁₁₂	Mon. 2/m
2.HB.	Interliveingite	AgPb₁₈As₂₅S₅₆	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HB.	Reckibachite	Ag₂Pb₁₂As₁₄Sb₄S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.05a	Aikinite	PbCuBiS₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.05a	Friedrichite	Pb₅Cu₅Bi₇S₁₈	Orth. mm2
2.HB.05a	Gladite	PbCuBi₅S₉	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05a	Hammarite	Pb₂Cu₂Bi₄S₉	Orth.
2.HB.05c	Jaskólskiite	Cu_xPb_2+x(Sb,Bi)_2-xS₅ (x ~ 0.15)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05a	Krupkaite	PbCuBi₃S₆	Orth. mm2
2.HB.05a	Lindströmite	Pb₃Cu₃Bi₇S₁₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05b	Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05a	Pekoite	PbCuBi₁₁S₁₈	Orth. mm2
2.HB.05a	Emilite	Pb_2.7Cu_2.7Bi_5.3S₁₂	Orth. mm2 : Pmc2₁
2.HB.05	UM2000-46-S:BiCuPb	Cu_0.33Pb_0.33Bi_7.67S₁₂
2.HB.05a	Salzburgite	Pb_1.6Cu_1.6Bi_6.4S₁₂	Orth. mm2 : Pmc2₁
2.HB.05	UM1990-54-Se:BiCuPb	CuPb(Ni,Co)_0.3Bi₃Se₆
2.HB.10c	Eclarite	(Cu,Fe)Pb₉Bi₁₂S₂₈	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.10b	Giessenite	Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇	Mon. 2/m
2.HB.10b	Izoklakeite	Pb₂₇(Cu,Fe,Ag)₂(Sb,Bi)₁₉S₅₇	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.10a	Kobellite	Pb₂₂Cu₄(Bi,Sb)₃₀S₆₉	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.10a	Tintinaite	Pb₂₂Cu₄(Sb,Bi)₃₀S₆₉	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.15	Benavidesite	Pb₄MnSb₆S₁₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.15	Jamesonite	Pb₄FeSb₆S₁₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.20d	Berryite	Cu₃Ag₂Pb₃Bi₇S₁₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.20b	Buckhornite	AuPb₂BiTe₂S₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
2.HB.20a	Nagyágite	[Pb₃(Pb,Sb)₃S₆](Au,Te)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.20e	Watkinsonite	Cu₂PbBi₄(Se,S,Te)₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.20c	Museumite	[Pb₂(Pb,Sb)₂S₈][(Te,Au)₂]	Mon. 2
2.HB.20e	Litochlebite	Ag₂PbBi₄Se₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.20b	Jaszczakite	[Bi₃S₃][AuS₂]	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
2.HB.20e	Luxembourgite	AgCuPbBi₄Se₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.25	Meerschautite	(Ag,Cu)₆Pb_43-2xSb_44+2xS₁₁₂O_x (x ~0.5)	Mon. 2 : P2₁

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for PaariteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-26454.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for PaariteHide

Reference List:

Makovicky, Emil, Topa, Dan, Balić-Žunić, Tonči (2001) The crystal structure of paarite, the newly discovered 56 Å derivative of the bismuthinite-aikinite solid-solution series. The Canadian Mineralogist, 39 (5) 1377-1382 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.39.5.1377

Jambor, J.L., Roberts, A.C. (2004) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 89: 1826-1834.

Lapis (2004): 29(5): 42.

Petricek, V., Makovicky, E. (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite-aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (1) 189-206 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.1.189

Locock, Andrew J., Piilonen, Paula C., Ercit, T. Scott, Rowe, Ralph (2006) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 91 (1) 216-224 doi:10.2138/am.2006.454

(2023) Paarite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for PaariteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
San Juan Province Calingasta Department Calingasta ⓘ San Francisco de los Andes mine	Testa et al. (2018)

Austria (TL)
Salzburg Zell am See District Mittersill Mittersill Scheelite deposit ⓘ Western ore field (TL)	Lapis 29 (5) +1 other reference

China
Yunnan Chuxiong Yao'an County ⓘ Yao'an Au-Ag deposit	Zhou et al. (2018)

Greece
Central Macedonia Chalkidiki Aristotelis ⓘ Stanos	Voudouris et al. (2013)
South Aegean Milos Serifos Island ⓘ Megalo Livadi	Korosidis et al. (2022, March)

Hungary
Fejér County Székesfehérvár District Pátka ⓘ Szűzvár Mill	collector: László Tóth +1 other reference

Italy
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Nuxis ⓘ Monte Tamara mining area	Deidda et al. (2022)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kamienna Góra County Gmina Kamienna Góra Rędziny ⓘ Dolomitic marble quarry	Gołębiowska B. et al. (Western Sudetes)

Russia
Zabaykalsky Krai Gazimuro-Zavodsky District ⓘ Kultuma Deposit	Kovalev et al. (2019)

Switzerland
Valais Goms Binn ⓘ Wanni glacier - Scherbadung area (Monte Cervandone)	Cuchet et al. (2016)
Östlich Raron Grengiols ⓘ Chummibort	Cuchet et al. (2016)
ⓘ Hillehorn northeast slope	Cuchet et al. (2016)

Paarite