Luxembourgite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Luxembourgite
Luxembourg (city)
Formula:
AgCuPbBi4Se8
Colour:
Gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
8.00 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for the city of Luxembourg, close to the locality where it was discovered (rather than the Grand Dutchy or province of Luxembourg).
Type Locality:
Isostructural with watkinsonite and litochlebite, but with Ag-Cu ordering in the crystal structure.
Crystal structure comprises:
- pseudotetragonal layer, 4-atoms thick (with Bi1, Bi2 ,Bi3, Pb, and Ag1 atoms), and
- pseudohexagonal layer, 1-atom thick
- Cu2 and Bi4 atoms between the two layers
Coordination info:
- Bi1, Bi2, and Bi3: weakly-distorted octahedral (coord. no. 6)
- Bi4: distorted 7-coordinated
- Ag1: regular octahedral
- Cu2: tetrahedral
- Pb: very distorted 8-coordinated
Found "in the vicinity of the Stolzembourg Copper Mine".
Crystal structure comprises:
- pseudotetragonal layer, 4-atoms thick (with Bi1, Bi2 ,Bi3, Pb, and Ag1 atoms), and
- pseudohexagonal layer, 1-atom thick
- Cu2 and Bi4 atoms between the two layers
Coordination info:
- Bi1, Bi2, and Bi3: weakly-distorted octahedral (coord. no. 6)
- Bi4: distorted 7-coordinated
- Ag1: regular octahedral
- Cu2: tetrahedral
- Pb: very distorted 8-coordinated
Found "in the vicinity of the Stolzembourg Copper Mine".
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
53538
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:53538:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
5a6d9621-2b56-453d-90a0-a6e68bd55f47
IMA Classification of Luxembourgite
Approved
Approval year:
2018
First published:
2020
Classification of Luxembourgite
2.HB.20e
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Lux | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Luxembourgite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Gray
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
8.00 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Calculated from the chemical analysis and the single-crystal unit cell parameters
Chemistry of Luxembourgite
Mindat Formula:
AgCuPbBi4Se8
Crystallography of Luxembourgite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.0019(14) Å, b = 4.1543(3) Å, c = 15.312(2) Å
β = 108.917(12)°
β = 108.917(12)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.13 : 1 : 3.686
Unit Cell V:
782.4 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Acicular.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.61 Å | (20) |
| 3.59 Å | (20) |
| 2.984 Å | (100) |
| 2.425 Å | (20) |
| 2.085 Å | (60) |
| 1.916 Å | (20) |
| 1.355 Å | (30) |
| 1.188 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Luxembourgite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Tiny fibers on dolomite crystals, reaching 200 µm in length but only 5 µm in diameter.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the mineralogical collections of the Natural History Museum of Luxembourg, Rue Münster 25, L-2560 Luxembourg, Luxembourg, catalogue number FD040, and the Laboratory of Mineralogy, Université of Liège, Batiment B18, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium, catalogue number 21302.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal veins in red schists
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Philippo, S., Hatert, F., Bruni, Y., Vignola, P., Sejkora, J. (2020) Luxembourgite, AgCuPbBi4Se8, a new mineral species from Bivels, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. European Journal of Mineralogy: 32: 449-455.
Synonyms of Luxembourgite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Luxembourgite associated with Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| 5 photos of Luxembourgite associated with Favreauite | PbBiCu6O4(SeO3)4(OH) · H2O |
| 4 photos of Luxembourgite associated with Clausthalite | PbSe |
| 3 photos of Luxembourgite associated with Chalcomenite | CuSeO3 · 2H2O |
| 2 photos of Luxembourgite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 1 photo of Luxembourgite associated with Klockmannite | CuSe |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HB. | Barikaite | Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40 |
| 2.HB. | Carducciite | (Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40 |
| 2.HB. | Sardashtite | Ag9Cu2.5Pb41Sb36.5As7S112 |
| 2.HB. | Interliveingite | AgPb18As25S56 |
| 2.HB. | Reckibachite | Ag2Pb12As14Sb4S40 |
| 2.HB.05a | Aikinite | PbCuBiS3 |
| 2.HB.05a | Friedrichite | Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 |
| 2.HB.05a | Gladite | PbCuBi5S9 |
| 2.HB.05a | Hammarite | Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 |
| 2.HB.05c | Jaskólskiite | CuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ~ 0.15) |
| 2.HB.05a | Krupkaite | PbCuBi3S6 |
| 2.HB.05a | Lindströmite | Pb3Cu3Bi7S15 |
| 2.HB.05b | Meneghinite | Pb13CuSb7S24 |
| 2.HB.05a | Pekoite | PbCuBi11S18 |
| 2.HB.05a | Emilite | Pb2.7Cu2.7Bi5.3S12 |
| 2.HB.05 | UM2000-46-S:BiCuPb | Cu0.33Pb0.33Bi7.67S12 |
| 2.HB.05a | Salzburgite | Pb1.6Cu1.6Bi6.4S12 |
| 2.HB.05 | UM1990-54-Se:BiCuPb | CuPb(Ni,Co)0.3Bi3Se6 |
| 2.HB.05a | Paarite | Pb1.7Cu1.7Bi6.3S12 |
| 2.HB.10c | Eclarite | (Cu,Fe)Pb9Bi12S28 |
| 2.HB.10b | Giessenite | Pb27Cu2(Bi,Sb)19S57 |
| 2.HB.10b | Izoklakeite | Pb27(Cu,Fe,Ag)2(Sb,Bi)19S57 |
| 2.HB.10a | Kobellite | Pb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69 |
| 2.HB.10a | Tintinaite | Pb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69 |
| 2.HB.15 | Benavidesite | Pb4MnSb6S14 |
| 2.HB.15 | Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| 2.HB.20d | Berryite | Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16 |
| 2.HB.20b | Buckhornite | AuPb2BiTe2S3 |
| 2.HB.20a | Nagyágite | [Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)3 |
| 2.HB.20e | Watkinsonite | Cu2PbBi4(Se,S,Te)8 |
| 2.HB.20c | Museumite | [Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2] |
| 2.HB.20e | Litochlebite | Ag2PbBi4Se8 |
| 2.HB.20b | Jaszczakite | [Bi3S3][AuS2] |
| 2.HB.25 | Meerschautite | (Ag,Cu)6Pb43-2xSb44+2xS112Ox (x ~0.5) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Luxembourgite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-53538.html
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References for Luxembourgite
Reference List:
www.wort.lu (n.d.) https://www.wort.lu/de/panorama/luxembourgit-neue-mineralart-in-luxemburg-gefunden-5ce50ec1da2cc1784e344941
www.mnhn.lu (n.d.) https://www.mnhn.lu/blog/2019/05/decouverte-spectaculaire-pour-la-mineralogie-luxembourgeoise-premiere-nouvelle-espece-minerale-trouvee-au-luxembourg-la-luxembourgite/
Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Mills, Stuart J. (2019) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2019. CNMNC Newsletter 49. Mineralogical Magazine, 83 (3) 479-483 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.35
Localities for Luxembourgite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bolivia | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 83 +2 other references |
Luxembourg (TL) | |
| Miyawaki et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
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Bivels, Putscheid, Canton Vianden, Luxembourg