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Giessenite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Giessenite (3)

Search Photos of Giessenite

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Giessenite

Vena Mines, Hammar, Askersund, Örebro County, Sweden

Giessenite

Vena Mines, Hammar, Askersund, Örebro County, Sweden

Giessenite

Turtschi, Giessen, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland

Giessenite

Vena Mines, Hammar, Askersund, Örebro County, Sweden

Giessenite

Vena Mines, Hammar, Askersund, Örebro County, Sweden

Giessenite

Turtschi, Giessen, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland

Giessenite

Vena Mines, Hammar, Askersund, Örebro County, Sweden

Giessenite

Vena Mines, Hammar, Askersund, Örebro County, Sweden

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About GiesseniteHide

Turschi dolomite deposit, Giessen, Binntal, Wallis, Switzerland

Turtschi, Giessen, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland

Formula:

Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇

Colour:

Greyish-black

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

2½

Specific Gravity:

7.45 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Kobellite Homologous Series Group

Name:

For the type locality.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Turtschi, Giessen, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland

Giessenite-Izoklakeite Series.

"There is apparently a quasi-continuous solid solution from giessenite to izoklakeite with increasing Sb/Bi ratio, which is nevertheless always < 1 except for izoklakeite of the type locality (∼ 1.04). The main difference is that the monoclinic symmetry of giessenite (Bi-rich) changes to orthorhombic in izoklakeite (Sb-rich) (Makovicky & Karup-Møller, 1986). The exact Sb/Bi ratio at which the symmetry changes is unknown." (Moëlo et al., 2008)

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1690

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1690:8

GUID
(UUID V4):

5c8e655f-367f-4534-bffa-41a9c2a6346b

IMA Classification of GiesseniteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

(Cu,Fe)₂Pb_26.4(Bi,Sb)_19.6S₅₇

First published:

1963

Type description reference:

Graeser, S. (1963) Giessenit - ein neues Pb-Bi-sulfosalz aus dem dolomit des Binnatales. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 43: 471-478.

Classification of GiesseniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

2.HB.10b

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb

Dana 8th ed.:

3.5.12.2

3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3

Hey's CIM Ref.:

5.6.27

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Gie	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of GiesseniteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Greyish-black

Streak:

Grayish black

Hardness:

2½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=65 - Vickers

Density:

7.45 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Chemistry of GiesseniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇

Elements listed:

Bi, Cu, Pb, S, Sb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Crystallography of GiesseniteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 34.62(3) Å, b = 38.18(5) Å, c = 4.080(8) Å
β = 90.33(5)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.907 : 1 : 0.107

Unit Cell V:

5,392.82 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Fine needles to 1.5 mm.

Twinning:

Intimately on (100)

Comment:

Space group P21/n. Pseudo-orthorhombic. Cell also given as a = 34.51(3), b = 38.18(5), c = 4.080(8), β = 90.33(5)°.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3 62 Å	(100)
3.32 Å	(50)
3.15 Å	(50)
2.49 Å	(40)
1.75 Å	(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of GiesseniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Turtschi, Giessen, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Natural History Museum, Basel, Switzerland, SG393.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Hydrothermal

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Tennantite Subgroup	Sphalerite	Seligmannite	Quartz	Pyrrhotite
Pyrite	Geocronite	Galena	Dolomite

Reference:

Graeser, S. (1963) Giessenit - ein neues Pb-Bi-sulfosalz aus dem dolomit des Binnatales. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 43: 471-478.

Synonyms of GiesseniteHide

IMA1963-004

Other Language Names for GiesseniteHide

German:Giessenit

Simplified Chinese:针辉铋铅矿

Spanish:Giessenita

Relationship of Giessenite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Kobellite Homologous Series Group

Other Members of this group:

Izoklakeite	Pb₂₇(Cu,Fe,Ag)₂(Sb,Bi)₁₉S₅₇	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
Kobellite	Pb₂₂Cu₄(Bi,Sb)₃₀S₆₉	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
Tintinaite	Pb₂₂Cu₄(Sb,Bi)₃₀S₆₉	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm

Forms a series with:

Izoklakeite

Giessenite-Izoklakeite Series

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.HB.	Barikaite	Ag₃Pb₁₀(Sb₈As₁₁)S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.	Carducciite	(Ag₂Sb₂)Pb₁₂(As,Sb)₁₆S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.	Sardashtite	Ag₉Cu_2.5Pb₄₁Sb_36.5As₇S₁₁₂	Mon. 2/m
2.HB.	Interliveingite	AgPb₁₈As₂₅S₅₆	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HB.	Reckibachite	Ag₂Pb₁₂As₁₄Sb₄S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.05a	Aikinite	PbCuBiS₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.05a	Friedrichite	Pb₅Cu₅Bi₇S₁₈	Orth. mm2
2.HB.05a	Gladite	PbCuBi₅S₉	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05a	Hammarite	Pb₂Cu₂Bi₄S₉	Orth.
2.HB.05c	Jaskólskiite	Cu_xPb_2+x(Sb,Bi)_2-xS₅ (x ~ 0.15)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05a	Krupkaite	PbCuBi₃S₆	Orth. mm2
2.HB.05a	Lindströmite	Pb₃Cu₃Bi₇S₁₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05b	Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05a	Pekoite	PbCuBi₁₁S₁₈	Orth. mm2
2.HB.05a	Emilite	Pb_2.7Cu_2.7Bi_5.3S₁₂	Orth. mm2 : Pmc2₁
2.HB.05	UM2000-46-S:BiCuPb	Cu_0.33Pb_0.33Bi_7.67S₁₂
2.HB.05a	Salzburgite	Pb_1.6Cu_1.6Bi_6.4S₁₂	Orth. mm2 : Pmc2₁
2.HB.05	UM1990-54-Se:BiCuPb	CuPb(Ni,Co)_0.3Bi₃Se₆
2.HB.05a	Paarite	Pb_1.7Cu_1.7Bi_6.3S₁₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
2.HB.10c	Eclarite	(Cu,Fe)Pb₉Bi₁₂S₂₈	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.10b	Izoklakeite	Pb₂₇(Cu,Fe,Ag)₂(Sb,Bi)₁₉S₅₇	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.10a	Kobellite	Pb₂₂Cu₄(Bi,Sb)₃₀S₆₉	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.10a	Tintinaite	Pb₂₂Cu₄(Sb,Bi)₃₀S₆₉	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.15	Benavidesite	Pb₄MnSb₆S₁₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.15	Jamesonite	Pb₄FeSb₆S₁₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HB.20d	Berryite	Cu₃Ag₂Pb₃Bi₇S₁₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.20b	Buckhornite	AuPb₂BiTe₂S₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
2.HB.20a	Nagyágite	[Pb₃(Pb,Sb)₃S₆](Au,Te)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.20e	Watkinsonite	Cu₂PbBi₄(Se,S,Te)₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.20c	Museumite	[Pb₂(Pb,Sb)₂S₈][(Te,Au)₂]	Mon. 2
2.HB.20e	Litochlebite	Ag₂PbBi₄Se₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.20b	Jaszczakite	[Bi₃S₃][AuS₂]	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
2.HB.20e	Luxembourgite	AgCuPbBi₄Se₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HB.25	Meerschautite	(Ag,Cu)₆Pb_43-2xSb_44+2xS₁₁₂O_x (x ~0.5)	Mon. 2 : P2₁

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for GiesseniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1690.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for GiesseniteHide

Reference List:

Graeser, S. (1963) Giessenit - ein neues Pb-Bi-sulfosalz aus dem dolomit des Binnatales. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 43: 471-478.

Fleischer, M., Mandarino, J.A., Strunz, H., Cech, F. (1965) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 50: 261-268 (264).

Karup-Møller, S (1973) A giessenite-cosalite-galena-bearing mineral suite from the Bjørkåsen sulphide deposit at Ofoten in northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 53 (1) 41-64

Armbruster, T., Stalder, H.A., Oberhansli, R. (1984) Antimon-reicher Giessenit vom Zervreilasee (Vals, Graubtinder). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 64: 21-26.

Graeser, S., Harris, D.C. (1986) Giessenite from Giessen near Binn, Switzerland: new data. The Canadian Mineralogist: 24: 19-20.

Makovicky, Emil, Karup-Møller, Sven (1986) New data on giessenite from the Bjørkåsen sulfide deposit at Otoften, northern Norway. The Canadian Mineralogist, 24 (1) 21-25

Hawthorne, F.C., Bladh, K.W., Burke, E.A.J., Grew, E.S., Langley, R.H., Puciewicz, J., Roberts, A.C., Schedler, R.A., Shigley, J.E., Vanko, D.A. (1987) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 72: 222-230 (229).

Moëlo, Y.; Roger, G.; Maurel-Palacin, D.; Marcoux, E.; Laroussi, A. (1995) Chemistry of some Pb-(Cu,Fe)-(Sb,Bi) sulfosalts from France and Portugal. Implications for the crystal chemistry of lead sulfosalts in the Cu-poor part of the Pb2S2-Cu2S-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system. Mineralogy and Petrology: 53: 229-250.

Ozawa, T., Saitow, A., Hori, H. (1998) Chemistry and crystallography of Bi-rich izoklakeite from the Otome mine, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan and discussion of the izoklakeite-giessenite series. Mineralogical Journal: 20: 179-187.

Roth, P. (2007) Giessenite. in Minerals first discovered in Switzerland and minerals named after Swiss individuals, Kristallografik Verlag (Achberg Germany): 74-75.

(2023) Giessenite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for GiesseniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
Santa Cruz Province Deseado Department Tres Cerros ⓘ Pingüino deposit	Jovic et al. (2011)

Austria
Carinthia Spittal an der Drau District Heiligenblut am Großglockner Zirmsee area ⓘ Gold mine (Goldzeche)	Pichler (2009)
Malta Kölnbreinspitze - Lausnock area ⓘ Gold mine	Pichler (2009)
ⓘ Kölnbreinkar	Pichler (2009)
Wolfsberg District Frantschach-Sankt Gertraud Brandrücken ⓘ Spodumene prospect	Niedermayr et al. (1995)

China
Guangxi Hechi Nandan County Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore field ⓘ Kengma Sn deposit (Kenma Sn deposit; Kangma Sn deposit) ?	Pašava et al. (2003)
Tibet Lhasa Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.) ⓘ Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit)	Yingchen Ren (1999)

Italy
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Tavagnasco Tavagnasco Mines ⓘ Briasse lode	Ciriotti et al. (2019)
ⓘ Espérance tunnel	doi:10.3390/min6010008 +1 other reference
Tuscany Lucca Province Seravezza ⓘ ~~Seravezza quarrying basin~~	Orlandi (2007) +1 other reference

Japan
Yamanashi Prefecture Kinpuzan mining district Kofu City Kurobera ⓘ ~~Otome mine~~	Ozawa et al. (1998)

Kosovo
Mitrovica District Mitrovica Trepča complex ⓘ Trepča Stari Trg Mine	Kołodziejczyk et al. (2017)

Norway
Nordland Narvik Ballangen ⓘ Bjørkåsen mine	Karup-Møller (1973) +1 other reference
ⓘ Hundholmen	Husdal (2023)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kamienna Góra County Gmina Kamienna Góra Rędziny ⓘ Dolomitic marble quarry	Gołębiowska B. et al. (Ag) +1 other reference

Romania
Maramureș County Borșa ⓘ Toroioaga Mine	Nigel G. Cook : "Bismuth Sulphosalts ...

Russia
Zabaykalsky Krai Gazimuro-Zavodsky District Lugokan ore cluster ⓘ Lugokanskoe deposit	Redin et al. (2015) +2 other references
ⓘ Serebryanoe deposit	Redin et al. (2015)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Brezno District ⓘ Brezno	Koděra (1986)
Mlynná Valley ⓘ Zingoty	Pršek J. & Ozdín D. (Pb,Bi)
Jarabá ⓘ Veľká Trojica	Ozdín et al. (2004)
Košice Region Gelnica District Mníšek nad Hnilcom ⓘ Kujnišova dolina ore occurrence	Bancík et al. (2022)
Rožňava District Gemerská Poloma ⓘ Elisabeth Mine	Števko M. (2021)
Rožňava ⓘ Mária Mine	Pauliš P.

Sweden
Örebro County Askersund Hammar ⓘ Vena Mines	Mineralogical Society of America - ...

Switzerland (TL)
Valais Goms Binn Giessen ⓘ Turtschi (TL)	Graeser (1963)
Martigny Mont Chemin mining district ⓘ Martigny road tunnel	Stalder et al. (1998)

Giessenite

About GiesseniteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of GiesseniteHide

Classification of GiesseniteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of GiesseniteHide

Chemistry of GiesseniteHide

Crystallography of GiesseniteHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of GiesseniteHide

Synonyms of GiesseniteHide

Other Language Names for GiesseniteHide

Relationship of Giessenite to other SpeciesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for GiesseniteHide

References for GiesseniteHide

Localities for GiesseniteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide