Tapiolite-(Fe)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Tapiolite-(Fe)
Formula:
Fe2+Ta2O6
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
6 - 6½
Specific Gravity:
7.90
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld named tapiolite in 1863 after Tapio, Finnish god of the forest as the original material was from a granite pegmatite prospect located close to the Kumala farm in the town of Sukula in Finland. Renamed to ferrotapiolite in 1983 to distinguish it from manganotapiolite. Later renamed to tapiolite-(Fe).
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1531
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1531:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
7f6ad6c6-034e-466b-8de4-31190b4f0764
IMA Classification of Tapiolite-(Fe)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1863
Classification of Tapiolite-(Fe)
4.DB.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
8.3.1.1
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
18.1.47
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Tap-Fe | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Tap | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Tapiolite-(Fe)
Sub-Adamantine, Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Brownish black
Hardness:
6 - 6½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery
Density:
7.90 g/cm3 (Measured) 8.17 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tapiolite-(Fe)
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 2.270 nε = 2.420
Birefringence:
0.15
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.150
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
O = pale reddish brown, E nearly opaque
Chemistry of Tapiolite-(Fe)
Mindat Formula:
Fe2+Ta2O6
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Tapiolite-(Fe)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P42/mnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.762 Å, c = 9.272 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.947
Unit Cell V:
210.26 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Short prismatic, nearly equant, rarely elongated. {110}, {100}, {001}, {113}.
Twinning:
{013} common
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0017872 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | von Heidenstam O (1968) Neutron and X-ray diffraction studies on tapiolite and some synthetic substances of trirutile structure Arkiv for Kemi 28 375-387 | 1968 | 0 | 293 | ||
0017873 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | von Heidenstam O (1968) Neutron and X-ray diffraction studies on tapiolite and some synthetic substances of trirutile structure Arkiv for Kemi 28 375-387 | 1968 | 0 | 293 | ||
0017874 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | von Heidenstam O (1968) Neutron and X-ray diffraction studies on tapiolite and some synthetic substances of trirutile structure Arkiv for Kemi 28 375-387 | 1968 | 0 | 293 | ||
0017875 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | von Heidenstam O (1968) Neutron and X-ray diffraction studies on tapiolite and some synthetic substances of trirutile structure Arkiv for Kemi 28 375-387 | 1968 | 0 | 293 | ||
0013576 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Eicher S M, Greedan J E, Lushington K J (1986) The magnetic properties of FeTa2O6. Magnetic structure and low-dimensional behavior Journal of Solid State Chemistry 62 220-230 | 1986 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0018700 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018701 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018702 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018703 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018704 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018705 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018706 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018707 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018708 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018709 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018710 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018711 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018712 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018713 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018714 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018715 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018716 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018717 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018718 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018719 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018720 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018721 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018722 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018723 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018724 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018725 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Zema M, Tarantino S C, Giorgiani A (2006) Structural changes induced by cation ordering in ferrotapiolite Mineralogical Magazine 70 319-328 | 2006 | Kimito, Finland | 0 | 293 | |
0018647 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Peters E, Muller-Buschbaum H (1995) Hochtemperatursynthese und Kristallchemie der Oxotantalate Cr2+0.761Ta2.095O6 und FeTa2O6 Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung B50 712-716 | 1995 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.22 Å | (30) |
3.36 Å | (100) |
2.58 Å | (90) |
2.38 Å | (30) |
1.746 Å | (70) |
1.680 Å | (30) |
1.502 Å | (20) |
1.407 Å | (30) |
Comments:
23-1124
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Geological Setting:
Granite pegmatites
Type Occurrence of Tapiolite-(Fe)
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Granite pegmatites.
Reference:
Nordenskiöld, A.E. (1863) Om tantalitartade mineralier från nejden af Torro. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar: 20: 443-453.
Synonyms of Tapiolite-(Fe)
Tantalo-niobate (in part)
Other Language Names for Tapiolite-(Fe)
Relationship of Tapiolite-(Fe) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Tapiolite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
27 photos of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
24 photos of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
10 photos of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
3 photos of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
2 photos of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Mica Group | |
2 photos of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
2 photos of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
1 photo of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Simpsonite | Al4Ta3O13(OH) |
1 photo of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
1 photo of Tapiolite-(Fe) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.DB. | Nioboheftetjernite | ScNbO4 |
4.DB. | Shakhdaraite-(Y) | ScYNb2O8 |
4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Nb0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-([]) | (Nb0.8◻0.2)4+O2 |
4.DB.05 | Argutite | GeO2 |
4.DB.05 | Cassiterite | SnO2 |
4.DB.05 | Plattnerite | PbO2 |
4.DB.05 | Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
4.DB.05 | Rutile | TiO2 |
4.DB.05 | Tripuhyite | Fe3+Sb5+O4 |
4.DB.05 | Tugarinovite | MoO2 |
4.DB.05 | Varlamoffite | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
4.DB.10 | Byströmite | MgSb2O6 |
4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
4.DB.10 | Ordoñezite | ZnSb2O6 |
4.DB.10 | Tredouxite | NiSb2O6 |
4.DB.15b | Akhtenskite | ε-Mn4+O2 |
4.DB.15c | Nsutite | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 |
4.DB.15a | Paramontroseite | V4+O2 |
4.DB.15a | Ramsdellite | Mn4+O2 |
4.DB.20 | Scrutinyite | α-PbO2 |
4.DB.25 | Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
4.DB.25 | Srilankite | ZrTi2O6 |
4.DB.25 | Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
4.DB.25 | Calciosamarskite | (Ca,U4+)Fe3+(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8 |
4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Yb) | YbFe3+(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Fe2+) | (Ta0.67Fe2+0.33)O2 |
4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Ta0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
4.DB.30 | Ferberite | FeWO4 |
4.DB.30 | Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
4.DB.30 | Sanmartinite | (Zn,Fe)WO4 |
4.DB.30 | Krasnoselskite | CoWO4 |
4.DB.30 | Heftetjernite | ScTaO4 |
4.DB.30 | Huanzalaite | MgWO4 |
4.DB.30 va | Wolframite Group | |
4.DB.30 | Rossovskyite | (Fe3+,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O4 |
4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
4.DB.35 | Qitianlingite | (Fe,Mn)2(Nb,Ta)2WO10 |
4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
4.DB.40 | Ferrowodginite | Fe2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
4.DB.40 | Lithiotantite | LiTa3O8 |
4.DB.40 | Lithiowodginite | LiTa3O8 |
4.DB.40 | Titanowodginite | Mn2+TiTa2O8 |
4.DB.40 | Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
4.DB.40 | Ferrotitanowodginite | Fe2+TiTa2O8 |
4.DB.40 | Tantalowodginite | (Mn2+0.5◻0.5)TaTa2O8 |
4.DB.40 | Wolframowodginite | Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8 |
4.DB.45 | Tivanite | V3+TiO3(OH) |
4.DB.50 | Carmichaelite | (Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x] |
4.DB.55 | Alumotantite | AlTaO4 |
4.DB.60 | Biehlite | ((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4] |
Fluorescence of Tapiolite-(Fe)
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tapiolite-(Fe)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1531.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Tapiolite-(Fe)
Localities for Tapiolite-(Fe)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Colombo et al. (2011) |
| López de Azarevich et al. (2021) |
| Galliski et al. (2001) |
| Galliski et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
minsocam.org (2003) | |
Australia | |
| Wise et al. (1996) |
| Material originally from the Australian ... |
Austria | |
| Walter (1998) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Brazil | |
| Luis Menezes |
| |
Rick Dalrymple | |
Ron Gyllenhammer Collection | |
| Beurlen et al. (2008) |
Beurlen et al. (2008) | |
| Witzke et al. (2011) |
Lapis 3/2008 (ad) | |
| Pereira das Neves et al. (2018) |
Beurlen et al. (2008) | |
| Beurlen et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
Beurlen et al. (2008) +1 other reference | |
Beurlen et al. (2008) | |
| Beurlen et al. (2008) |
| Beurlen et al. (2008) |
| Beurlen et al. (2008) |
| Beurlen et al. (2008) |
Beurlen et al. (2008) | |
| Paul Bongaerts collection +1 other reference |
| Beurlen et al. (2008) |
Canada | |
| 153-155. +2 other references |
| Masau +3 other references |
| Wise et al. (1990) |
| Breaks |
| ontariominerals.com +2 other references |
Canadian Mineralogist 36 +1 other reference | |
| Taylor et al. (2001) |
China | |
| Rao +7 other references |
| Zhang et al. 2004 |
Czech Republic | |
| Miloš René und Radek Škoda (2011) |
| Novák +2 other references |
| Pavlíček V. et al.: Pegmatit ... |
DR Congo | |
| Loun et al. (2018) |
Egypt | |
| Fengjun Nie et al. (2013) |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Nmikkola collection |
| Nordenskiöld (1863) |
| kojonen |
| Lahti (2000) |
Lahti (2000) | |
Lahti et al. (1983) | |
Lahti (2000) +1 other reference | |
| Alviola |
| Clark et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
Clark et al. (1978) | |
| Jyrki Autio Collection 2018 |
Germany | |
| Oberthür et al. (2016) |
Italy | |
| VIGNOLA et al. (2007) |
Banti et al. (2011) +1 other reference | |
| Guastoni et al. (2007) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Roggiani (1970) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) +5 other references |
Callegari A. et al. (4) | |
Ivory Coast | |
| Allou et al. (2005) |
Allou (2006) | |
Assaoulé Benjamin Allou (2005) +1 other reference | |
Mozambique | |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
Wilson et al. (2000) | |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
Portugal | |
| Antunes et al. (2013) |
Slovakia | |
| Chudík P. |
| Uher et al. (2006) |
| Uher et al. (n.d.) |
| Uher et al. (Považský Inovec) |
Uher P. +1 other reference | |
South Africa | |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
Spain | |
| Alfonso et al. (2018) |
Sweden | |
| |
| Cerny et al. (2004) |
Switzerland | |
| Gramaccioli (1975) +2 other references |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Rocks & Minerals +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Leif DiValentino collection |
| MinRec. 25 (3) |
| Simmons et al. (2022) |
| Dionne et al. (2014) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Buchholz et al. (2014) |
| Whitmore et al. (2004) |
| "Mineralogy and History of the Ray Mica ... |
| Alexander Falster et al. (2018) |
| Rocks & Min. (2007) |
Quick NavTopAbout Tapiolite-(Fe)Unique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Copper Mountain pegmatite District, Bridger Mts, Fremont County, Wyoming, USA