Awaruite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Awaruite
Formula:
Ni3Fe
Colour:
Silver-white to grayish white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
7.8 - 8.22
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named for Awarua Bay and the Awarua River, New Zealand, thinking that was the type locality. However it was later learned that the true type locality was the Gorge River, more than 260 km away.
Occurs in chromitite associated with ultramafic igneous rocks, also in river placers from serpentinized peridotites and ophiolites. Awaruite is rare in meteorites.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
439
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:439:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
7951ad8d-1075-4634-a760-f8f4b6b14cd7
IMA Classification of Awaruite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Awaruite
1.AE.20
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
E : Iron-chromium family
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
E : Iron-chromium family
Dana 7th ed.:
1.1.17.6
1.1.11.4
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1.65
1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Awr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Awr | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Aw | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Awaruite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Silver-white to grayish white
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=265 - 380 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Comment:
Higher Ni content is softer
Tenacity:
Malleable
Density:
7.8 - 8.22 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.74(127) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Awaruite
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R |
---|---|
400nm | 54.4% |
420nm | 56.0% |
440nm | 57.6% |
460nm | 59.1% |
480nm | 60.4% |
500nm | 61.4% |
520nm | 62.4% |
540nm | 63.1% |
560nm | 63.8% |
580nm | 64.4% |
600nm | 64.8% |
620nm | 65.2% |
640nm | 65.5% |
660nm | 65.7% |
680nm | 66.1% |
700nm | 66.4% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 66.4%.
Chemistry of Awaruite
Mindat Formula:
Ni3Fe
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Co,Cu,S,P,Si
Crystallography of Awaruite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fm3m
Setting:
Fm3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.560 Å
Unit Cell V:
45.12 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Massive, grains, flakes, pebbles
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000091 | Awaruite | Williams K L (1960) An association of awaruite with heazlewoodite American Mineralogist 45 450-453 | 1960 | Lord Brassey mine, Heazlewood, Tasmania | 0 | 293 | |
0000092 | Awaruite | Williams K L (1960) An association of awaruite with heazlewoodite American Mineralogist 45 450-453 | 1960 | Awarua Bay, New Zealand | 0 | 293 | |
0000093 | Awaruite | Williams K L (1960) An association of awaruite with heazlewoodite American Mineralogist 45 450-453 | 1960 | Eastern Townships, Quebec, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0014474 | Awaruite | Ahmed Z, Bevan J C (1981) Awaruite, iridian awaruite, and a new Ru-Os-Ir-Ni-Fe alloy from the Sakhakot-Qila complex, Malakand-Agency, Pakistan Mineralogical Magazine 44 225-230 | 1981 | Sakhakot-Qila complex, Malakand-Agency, Pakistan | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.044 Å | (10) |
1.772 Å | (6) |
1.253 Å | (3) |
1.069 Å | (4) |
1.023 Å | (1) |
0.814 Å | (1) |
0.792 Å | (1) |
Comments:
Awarua Bay, New Zealand.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 1: Primary nebular phases | 4.567-4.561 |
4 : Primary chondrule phases | 4.566–4.561 |
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
5 : Primary asteroid phases | 4.566–4.560 |
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
Near-surface Processes | |
26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
38 : Ophiolites |
Geological Setting:
River placers, serpentinized peridotites, meteorites
Type Occurrence of Awaruite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geological Survey of New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, P21969.
Synonyms of Awaruite
Other Language Names for Awaruite
Varieties of Awaruite
Iridian Awaruite | An iridian-bearing variety of Awaruite. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
23 photos of Awaruite associated with Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
8 photos of Awaruite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
8 photos of Awaruite associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
7 photos of Awaruite associated with Orcelite | Ni5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25 |
6 photos of Awaruite associated with Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
4 photos of Awaruite associated with Nickel-bearing Copper | (Cu,Ni,Fe) |
4 photos of Awaruite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
3 photos of Awaruite associated with Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
3 photos of Awaruite associated with Tetrataenite | FeNi |
3 photos of Awaruite associated with Cuprite | Cu2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
1.AE. | Vanadium | V |
1.AE.05 | Molybdenum | Mo |
1.AE.05 | Chromium | Cr |
1.AE.05 | Iron | Fe |
1.AE.05 | Tungsten | W |
1.AE.05 | UM2001-06-E:CrFeNi | Fe7Cr2Ni |
1.AE.05 | Hexamolybdenum | (Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os) |
1.AE.10 | Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
1.AE.10 | Tetrataenite | FeNi |
1.AE.10 | Antitaenite | Fe3Ni |
1.AE.15 | Chromferide | Fe3Cr1-x (x=0.6) |
1.AE.15 | Ferchromide | Cr3Fe1-x |
1.AE.15 | Wairauite | CoFe |
1.AE.25 | Jedwabite | Fe7(Ta,Nb)3 |
1.AE.30 | Manganese | Mn |
1.AE.35 | Nisnite | Ni3Sn |
Other Information
Notes:
Strongly magnetic.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Awaruite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-439.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Awaruite
Reference List:
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-xpp.356-357
Jambor, John L., Burke, Ernst A. J. (1991) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 76 (11-12) 2020-2026
Localities for Awaruite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Albania | |
Natural History Museum Vienna collection (gift from Fritz Koller; EDS-analysed in magnesiochromite polished section) | |
Antarctica | |
| Prinz et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
Argentina | |
| Keil (2012) |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Schmidt et al. (1966) |
| Beard et al. (2009) |
Marchesi et al. (2013) | |
Australia | |
| Ashley (1975) |
| Ashley et al. (1993) |
| Bevan et al. (2019) |
| Anderson et al. (2002) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Kamenetsky et al. (2016) |
| R Botttrill |
| Marston (1984) |
| Pedersen (1999) |
| Nickel Mineralisation in Western ... |
| Nickel Mineralisation in Western ... |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2010) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Grachev et al. (2008) +2 other references |
| Meixner (1959) |
Brazil | |
| Danon (1981) |
Dr Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Museum of the Geological Survey of Japan, specimen M27828 #1237B.) | |
Canada | |
| Clark (1993) |
Peatfield (n.d.) | |
| Nickel in British Columbia. British ... +2 other references |
Economic Geology 112 (2017) +1 other reference | |
| Escayola et al. (2011) |
| Lorand (1987) |
Edwards (1990) | |
| Chamberlain et al. (1965) +1 other reference |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1979) |
| Can Mineral December 1 |
Canadian Mineralogist 28 | |
| Can Mineral December 1 |
| Can Min. 8 +1 other reference |
Corrivaux et al. (1990) | |
Canadian Mineralogist 28 | |
Min. Record:20 (5) +2 other references | |
| Smith (2021) |
| Horváth et al. (2013) |
| Can Mineral June 1 |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Chile | |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2016) |
China | |
| Jingwen Mao and Andao Du (2002) |
Jingwen Mao and Andao Du (2002) | |
Jingwen Mao and Andao Du (2002) | |
| Anthony et al. (1997) |
| Xiangwen Wang (2002) |
| Xiyue Wang et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
| Wenji Bai et al. (2000) |
Costa Rica | |
| Schwarzenbach et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Cuba | |
| Gevilla et al. (2005) |
Gevilla et al. (2005) | |
| Gevilla et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
Dominican Republic | |
| Proenza et al. (PGM) |
Proenza et al. (2007) +3 other references | |
Ethiopia | |
| Econ Geology (1993) |
Finland | |
| Lamberg et al. (2005) |
| Mutanen (1997) |
France | |
| Ducluzaux (2022) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Ducluzaux (2021) |
| A. J. Brearley (1996) |
| H. Azais |
| P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des ... |
| |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
| Picot et al. (1977) |
| H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
| H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... |
| Cassian (2007) |
| Périnet F. (2018) |
| Périnet F. (2018) |
Greece | |
| Kanellopoulos et al. (2018) |
| Bindi +9 other references |
| Tsoupas et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Economou-Eliopoulos et al. (2019) |
| Kapsiotis (2013) |
| Garuti et al. (1997) |
Garuti et al. (1997) | |
Filippidis (1996) | |
Garuti et al. (1997) | |
Greenland | |
| T. P. Pedersen |
Hungary | |
| Kimura et al. (1998) |
India | |
| Radhakrishna et al. (1982) |
| Zanda et al. (1995) |
Indonesia | |
| Idrus et al. (2022) |
doi:10.3390/min6020046 +2 other references | |
Iran | |
| Abedi (1999) |
Italy | |
| · Seveke (1986/1987) |
| Rossetti et al. (2009) |
| Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di ... |
| Fioretti et al. (2004) |
| Sciesa (1993) |
Bedognè et al. (2006) | |
AA. VV. | |
| Sella A. (1891) +1 other reference |
| Zucchetti (1968) +4 other references |
| Rolfo et al. (2015) |
| Prete (1995) |
| Groppo et al. (2007) |
| Zucchetti (1968) |
Zucchetti (1968) | |
Zucchetti (1968) | |
AA. VV. | |
Zucchetti (1968) +2 other references | |
| Groppo et al. (2007) |
| Natale et al. (1976) |
| Boscardin et al. (2013) |
Jamaica | |
| Scott et al. (1999) |
Japan | |
| Kadota et al. (2008) |
| Arai +4 other references |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Kazakhstan | |
| doi.org (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Saveliev et al. (2023) |
Saveliev et al. (2023) | |
Mexico | |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
Morocco | |
| S. Weiß: Lapis 31 (7/8) |
| Moggi Cecchi et al. (2023) |
New Zealand | |
| Challis et al. (1964) |
| Kimura et al. (1998) |
| Ulrich (1890) +1 other reference |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Skey (1885) +1 other reference |
| Skey (1885) +2 other references |
Happy et al. (1970) | |
Railton et al. (1990) | |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
Moggi-Cecchi et al. (2007) | |
Norway | |
| Nilsson et al. (1998) |
| Hultin (1968) |
Hultin (1968) | |
- (n.d.) | |
Hultin (1968) | |
Nilsson (1990) | |
Oman | |
| Rajendran et al. (2014) |
| The Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2004) |
Pakistan | |
| Ahmed et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| Awan et al. (2007) |
Poland | |
| Gurdziel et al. (2016) |
| Delura K. 2005: Magnetite-nickel sulphides-awaruite association in serpentinites from Braszowice-Brzeźnica massif (Sudetic ophiolite, SW Poland) |
Romania | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Russia | |
| Garuti et al. (2021) |
| Zaccarini et al. (2004) |
| Sharygin (IIAB) +1 other reference |
| Kiseleva et al. (2022) |
| Grady et al. (2015) |
| Sharygin et al. (2013) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
Talovina et al. (2003) | |
| Ruzicka et al. (2014) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (1996) |
| Mekhonoshin et al. (2013) +2 other references |
| Kutyrev et al. (2023) |
| Mandarino (2000) |
| Sidorov et al. (2009) +2 other references |
Kutyrev et al. (2021) +1 other reference | |
Cabri et al. (2022) | |
Sandimirova et al. (2016) | |
| Yakich et al. (2020) |
Alexander V. Dedeev et al (2002) | |
| Ryabov et al. (2010, October) |
Ryabov et al. (2013) | |
| Am. Min. 87:5-1245-1249 +1 other reference |
| Kiseleva et al. (2014) |
| Zaccarini et al. (2016) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Gurskaya (2002) | |
| Cherkasova et al. (2014, August) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| T. P. Pedersen |
| Prichard et al. (2008) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Radvanec et al. (2016) |
| Pauliš P. |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Ďuďa |
South Africa | |
| Gauert et al. (2022) |
Guenther et al. (2012) +1 other reference | |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) |
Switzerland | |
| De Quervain (1936) +7 other references |
de Quervain (1963) +4 other references | |
De Quervain (1936) +6 other references | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Syria | |
| Moore et al. (2020) |
Trinidad and Tobago | |
| Scott et al. (1999) |
Turkey | |
| Kabiru et al. (2017, April) |
| Akbulut et al. (2010) |
| Econ Geol (1984) |
| Uysal +5 other references |
Uysal +5 other references | |
UK | |
Tindle (2008) | |
Ukraine | |
| Semenenko et al. (1996) |
USA | |
| T. P. Pedersen |
| Space Science Reviews |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 50. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 50. +2 other references |
| Mineralogical Record Vol 12 #3 May/June ... |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
| Dick (1974) |
Mark Mauthner collection | |
| Slaughter (2023) |
| Mineralogical Record (1981) |
| Meteoritics |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
| T. P. Pedersen |
Zimbabwe | |
| Oberthür et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
The Moon | |
|
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Gorge River, Westland District, West Coast Region, New Zealand