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Paragenetic Mode 13 : Hadean serpentinization

Return to the list of paragentic modes

Description

Low-temperature aqueous alteration of Hadean igneous lithologies, in both near-surface and subaerial environments, must have produced hundreds of new mineral species. Most notably, serpentinization would have transformed ocean floor mafic and ultramafic rocks to familiar assemblages of brucite, serpentine, magnetite, and more than 60 other phases.

Stage

Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere - Age: >4.45 Ga
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
13 : Hadean serpentinization
14 : Hot springs, geysers, and other subaerial geothermal minerals
15 : Black/white smoker minerals and other seafloor hydrothermal minerals
16 : Low-𝑇 aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23)
17 : Marine authigenic Hadean minerals (see also #24)
18 : Minerals formed by freezing

Minerals

Click on a button to filter by elements. Green = must include. Black = must exclude. Mineral names listed in bold are exclusively known from this paragenetic mode.

MineralFormulaCrystal System
AliettiteCa0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4·4H2OMonoclinic
AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4Monoclinic
ArtiniteMg2(CO3)(OH)2·3H2OMonoclinic
AwaruiteNi3FeIsometric
Balangeroite(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)42Si16O54(OH)40Monoclinic
BruciteMg(OH)2Trigonal
BrugnatelliteMg6Fe3+(CO3)(OH)13·4H2OHexagonal
CharlesiteCa6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12·26H2OTrigonal
ChromiumCrIsometric
ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4Monoclinic
ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Monoclinic
Clinotobermorite[Ca4Si6O17·2H2O]·(Ca·3H2O)Monoclinic
DashkovaiteMg(HCOO)2·2H2OMonoclinic
Deanesmithite[Hg2]2+Hg2+3[CrO4]S2OTriclinic
DesautelsiteMg6Mn3+2(OH)16[CO3]·4H2OTrigonal
DypingiteMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2OMonoclinic
EdoyleriteHg2+3(CrO4)S2Monoclinic
Falcondoite(Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2OOrthorhombic
FerrosaponiteCa0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2·4H2OMonoclinic
Ferrovalleriite2(Fe,Cu)S·1.5Fe(OH)2 Trigonal
GeikieliteMgTiO3Trigonal
Gianellaite[(Hg2N)2](SO4)(H2O)xIsometric
Haapalaite(Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22Hexagonal
HeazlewooditeNi3S2Trigonal
HoltedahliteMg2(PO4)(OH)Trigonal
HuntiteCaMg3(CO3)4Trigonal
HydromagnesiteMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2OMonoclinic
HydrotalciteMg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16·4H2OTrigonal
ImayoshiiteCa3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6·12H2OHexagonal
IowaiteMg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2·4H2OTrigonal
Karpinskite(Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?)Monoclinic
KenotobermoriteCa4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2·3H2OMonoclinic
LinnaeiteCo2+Co3+2S4Isometric
LizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4Trigonal
MackinawiteFeSTetragonal
MagnesiovesuvianiteCa19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tetragonal
MagnesiteMgCO3Trigonal
ManganvesuvianiteCa19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tetragonal
Mcguinnessite(Mg,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2Monoclinic
MeixneriteMg6Al2(OH)16(OH)2·4H2OTrigonal
Melanophlogite46SiO2·6(N2,CO2)·2(CH4,N2)Tetragonal
MilleriteNiSTrigonal
MuskoxiteMg7Fe4O13·10H2OTrigonal
NakauriiteCu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2OOrthorhombic
NesquehoniteMgCO3·3H2OMonoclinic
NickelNiIsometric
NickelbischofiteNiCl2·6H2OMonoclinic
NullaginiteNi2(CO3)(OH)2Monoclinic
OrceliteNi5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25Hexagonal
ParaotwayiteNi(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5xMonoclinic
PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)Triclinic
PyroauriteMg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3]·4H2OTrigonal
PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3Trigonal
RaadeiteMg7(PO4)2(OH)8Monoclinic
SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2·nH2OMonoclinic
StichtiteMg6Cr3+2(OH)16[CO3]·4H2OTrigonal
StrontiojoaquiniteSr2Ba2(Na,Fe)2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2·H2OMonoclinic
SturmaniteCa6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12·25H2OTrigonal
Taenite(Fe,Ni)Isometric
TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2Triclinic
TochiliniteFe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10Monoclinic
UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3Isometric
Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6Trigonal
VolkonskoiteCa0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2·4H2OMonoclinic
VuagnatiteCaAl(SiO4)(OH)Orthorhombic
WairauiteCoFeIsometric
ElementCountPercent
HHydrogen4974.24%
BBoron34.55%
CCarbon1827.27%
NNitrogen23.03%
OOxygen5684.85%
NaSodium23.03%
MgMagnesium3756.06%
AlAluminium1319.70%
SiSilicon2233.33%
PPhosphorus23.03%
SSulfur1522.73%
ClChlorine23.03%
CaCalcium1522.73%
TiTitanium34.55%
CrChromium69.09%
MnManganese46.06%
FeIron1827.27%
CoCobalt23.03%
NiNickel1218.18%
CuCopper46.06%
AsArsenic11.52%
SrStrontium11.52%
BaBarium11.52%
HgMercury34.55%

References

Hazen, Robert M., Morrison, Shaunna M. (2022) On the paragenetic modes of minerals: A mineral evolution perspective. American Mineralogist, 107 (7) 1262-1287 doi:10.2138/am-2022-8099
 
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