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Gatun - Middle, Colón Province, Panama

Formation	Gatun
Member	Middle
Age:	11.6 - 7.2 Ma Miocene
Interval	Tortonian
Lithology	sandstone, siltstone
Number of Collections	6
Number of Occurrences	141

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
Woodring Loc. 147b - eastern area [middle Gatun Fm]	Colón Province, Panama	Gatun - Middle
Woodring Loc. 147c - Gatun [middle Gatun Fm]	Colón Province, Panama	Gatun - Middle
Woodring Loc. 147i - Gatun [middle Gatun Fm]	Colón Province, Panama	Gatun - Middle
Woodring Loc. 147j - Gatun [middle Gatun Fm]	Colón Province, Panama	Gatun - Middle
Cuatro Altos	Colón Province, Panama	Gatun - Middle
Third Set of Locks	Colón Province, Panama	Gatun - Middle

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Sigmoilina sp. genus	6	Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Miliolida : Hauerinidae : *Sigmoilina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Nonionina sp. genus	6	*Nonionina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Pulvinulina sp. genus	6	Chromista : Foraminifera : *Pulvinulina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Carcharhinus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : *Carcharhinus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Carcharhinus leucas species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Carcharhinus : *Carcharhinus leucas*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Carcharhinus perezi species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Carcharhinidae : Carcharhinus : *Carcharhinus perezi*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Negaprion brevirostris species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Negaprion : *Negaprion brevirostris*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
? no name ?	100		11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Otodus megalodon species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Otodontidae : Otodus : *Otodus megalodon*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Taeniura grabata species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Myliobatiformes : Dasyatidae : Taeniura : *Taeniura grabata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Anadara (Potiarca) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Anadara : *Anadara (Potiarca)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Anadara (Rasia) dariensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Anadara : *Anadara (Rasia) dariensis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Anadara (Tosarca) veatchi species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Anadara : *Anadara (Tosarca) veatchi*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Tucetona pectinata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Tucetona : *Tucetona pectinata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Trachycardium (Dallocardia) dominicense species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Dallocardia : *Trachycardium (Dallocardia) dominicense*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Trachycardium (Phlogocardia) stiriatum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Trachycardium : *Trachycardium (Phlogocardia) stiriatum*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Trigoniocardia (Trigoniocardia) aminensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Trigoniocardia : *Trigoniocardia (Trigoniocardia) aminensis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Eurytellina punicea species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Eurytellina : *Eurytellina punicea*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Psammacoma gatunensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Psammacoma : *Psammacoma gatunensis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Tellina (Eurytellina) angulosa species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Eurytellina : *Tellina (Eurytellina) angulosa*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Venericardia (Glyptoactis) aversa species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Carditidae : Glyptoactis : *Venericardia (Glyptoactis) aversa*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Crassinella martinicensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Crassatellidae : Crassinella : *Crassinella martinicensis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Bellucina actinus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Cardiolucina : *Bellucina actinus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Lucinoma sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : *Lucinoma*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Crenella decussata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Crenella : *Crenella decussata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Saccella acrita species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : Saccella : *Saccella acrita*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Leda balboae species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : Saccella : *Leda balboae*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Ostrea equestris species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostrea : *Ostrea equestris*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Pandora (Pandorella) inconspicua species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pandorida : Pandoridae : Pandora : *Pandora (Pandorella) inconspicua*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Lepidopecten scissuratus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Lepidopecten : *Lepidopecten scissuratus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Cyclopecten oligolepis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Propeamussiidae : Cyclopecten : *Cyclopecten oligolepis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Caryocorbula oropendula species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Corbulidae : Caryocorbula : *Caryocorbula oropendula*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Varicorbula disparilis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Corbulidae : Corbula : *Varicorbula disparilis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Nucinella woodii species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Solemyida : Manzanellidae : Nucinella : *Nucinella woodii*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Alveinus rotundus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Kelliellidae : Alveinus : *Alveinus rotundus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Callocardia (Agriopoma) gatunensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Callocardia : *Callocardia (Agriopoma) gatunensis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Chione (Chionopsis) tegulum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Chionopsis : *Chione (Chionopsis) tegulum*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Cyclinella cyclica species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Cyclinella : *Cyclinella cyclica*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Globivenus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Globivenus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Gouldia costaricensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Gouldia : *Gouldia costaricensis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Lirophora (Panchione) mactropsis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Lirophora : *Lirophora (Panchione) mactropsis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Acteon sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architectibranchia : Acteonidae : *Acteon*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Japonactaeon punctostriata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architectibranchia : Acteonidae : Japonactaeon : *Japonactaeon punctostriata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Ringicula (Ringiculella) semistriata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architectibranchia : Ringiculidae : Ringicula : *Ringicula (Ringiculella) semistriata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Acteocina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Tornatinidae : *Acteocina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Acteocina bullata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Tornatinidae : Acteocina : *Acteocina bullata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Cylichnella atacata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Cylichnidae : Cylichnella : *Cylichnella atacata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Atys (Weinkauffia) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Haminoeidae : Atys : *Atys (Weinkauffia)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Roxania chipolana species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Roxania : *Roxania chipolana*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Retusa (Cylichnina) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Retusidae : Retusa : *Retusa (Cylichnina)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Sulcoretusa sulcata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Retusidae : Sulcoretusa : *Sulcoretusa sulcata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Volvulella (Volvulella) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Retusidae : Volvulella : *Volvulella (Volvulella)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Volvulella (Volvulella) oxytata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Retusidae : Volvulella : *Volvulella (Volvulella) oxytata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Microdrillia trina species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Borsoniidae : Microdrillia : *Microdrillia trina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Antillophos (Rhipophos) metuloides species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Antillophos : *Antillophos (Rhipophos) metuloides*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Antillophos candeanus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Antillophos : *Antillophos candeanus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Metula gabbi species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Colubrariidae : Metula : *Metula gabbi*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Strombinophos mimicus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Strombinophos : *Strombinophos mimicus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Cancellaria nancellaria species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Cancellariidae : Cancellaria : *Cancellaria nancellaria*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Anachis (Costoanachis) mira species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Columbellidae : Anachis : *Anachis (Costoanachis) mira*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Mitrella limonensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Columbellidae : Mitrella : *Mitrella limonensis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Zanassarina habra species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Columbellidae : Nassarina : *Zanassarina habra*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Conus molis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus : *Conus molis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Uromitra elachista species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Costellariidae : Vexillum : *Uromitra elachista*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Agladrillia (Agladrillia) characta species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Drilliidae : Agladrillia : *Agladrillia (Agladrillia) characta*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Agladrillia (Agladrillia) enneacyma species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Drilliidae : Agladrillia : *Agladrillia (Agladrillia) enneacyma*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Agladrillia (Agladrillia) phengoides species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Drilliidae : Agladrillia : *Agladrillia (Agladrillia) phengoides*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Dolostoma anorhepes species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Dolostoma : *Dolostoma anorhepes*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Ithycythara defuniak species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Mangeliidae : Ithycythara : *Ithycythara defuniak*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Kurtziella (Kurtziella) pagella species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Mangeliidae : Kurtziella : *Kurtziella (Kurtziella) pagella*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Volvarina leander species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Marginellidae : Volvarina : *Volvarina leander*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Subcancilla longa species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Mitridae : Subcancilla : *Subcancilla longa*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Nassarius (Nanarius) parapristus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Nassarius : *Nassarius (Nanarius) parapristus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Nassarius (Uzita) praeambiguus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Nassarius : *Nassarius (Uzita) praeambiguus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Glyphostoma (Rhiglyphostoma) allodapum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Glyphostoma : *Glyphostoma (Rhiglyphostoma) allodapum*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Nannodiella rintriada species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nannodiella : *Nannodiella rintriada*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Oliva gatunensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Olividae : Oliva : *Oliva gatunensis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Olivella (Niteoliva) terryi species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Olividae : Olivella : *Olivella (Niteoliva) terryi*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Olivella (Toroliva) goliath species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Olividae : Olivella : *Olivella (Toroliva) goliath*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Miraclathurella eucharis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pseudomelatomidae : Miraclathurella : *Miraclathurella eucharis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Strioterebrum spiriferum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Terebridae : Strioterebrum : *Strioterebrum spiriferum*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Architectonica nobilis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architectonicidae : Architectonica : *Architectonica nobilis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Caecum anellifer species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Caecidae : Caecum : *Caecum anellifer*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Calyptraea centralis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Calyptraea : *Calyptraea centralis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Crepidula maculosa species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Crepidula : *Crepidula maculosa*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Crucibulum (Dispotaea) springvaleense species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Calyptraeidae : Crucibulum : *Crucibulum (Dispotaea) springvaleense*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Epitonium (Epitonium) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Epitoniidae : Epitonium : *Epitonium (Epitonium)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Eulima nobilis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Eulimidae : Eulima : *Eulima nobilis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Niso (Niso) mesata species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Eulimidae : Niso : *Niso (Niso) mesata*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Balcis (Balcis) jacululum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Melanellidae : Balcis : *Balcis (Balcis) jacululum*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Balcis (Balcis) lipara species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Melanellidae : Balcis : *Balcis (Balcis) lipara*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Natica bolus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Natica : *Natica bolus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Naticarius sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : *Naticarius*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Polinices stanislasmeunieri species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Polinices : *Polinices stanislasmeunieri*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Sinum gabbi species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Sinum : *Sinum gabbi*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Stigmaulax guppiana species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Stigmaulax : *Stigmaulax guppiana*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Tectonatica sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : *Tectonatica*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Teinostoma (Aepystoma) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Tornidae : Teinostoma : *Teinostoma (Aepystoma)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Teinostoma (Diaerecallus) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Tornidae : Teinostoma : *Teinostoma (Diaerecallus)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Teinostoma (Idioraphie) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Tornidae : Teinostoma : *Teinostoma (Idioraphie)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Teinostoma (Pseudorotella) pycnum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Tornidae : Teinostoma : *Teinostoma (Pseudorotella) pycnum*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Solariorbis (Hapalorbis) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turbinidae : Solariorbis : *Solariorbis (Hapalorbis)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Cyclostremiscus (Ponocyclus) pentagonus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Vitrinellidae : Cyclostremiscus : *Cyclostremiscus (Ponocyclus) pentagonus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Alabina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : *Alabina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Bittium nugatorium species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : Bittium : *Bittium nugatorium*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Turritella (Bactrospira) altilira species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Turritellidae : Turritella : *Turritella (Bactrospira) altilira*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Turritella gatunensis species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella : *Turritella gatunensis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Dentalium (Dentalium) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda : Dentaliida : Dentaliidae : Dentalium : *Dentalium (Dentalium)*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Cadulus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda : Gadilida : Gadilidae : *Cadulus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Gadilopsis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda : Gadilida : Gadilidae : *Gadilopsis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Bolivina sp. genus	6	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Bolivinitidae : *Bolivina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Virgulina sp. genus	6	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Bolivinitidae : *Virgulina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Globigerina sp. genus	6	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : *Globigerina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Globigerina bulloides species	7	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : Globigerina : *Globigerina bulloides*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Globigerinoides sacculifer species	7	Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides : *Globigerinoides sacculifer*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Cristellaria sp. genus	6	Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Lagenidae : *Cristellaria*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Textularia sp. genus	6	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Textulariida : Textulariidae : *Textularia*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene

References

Vaughan T. W. (1919) The biological character and geologic correlation of the sedimentary formations of Panama in their relation to the geologic history of Central America and the West Indies, United States National Museum Bulletin 103

Woodring W. P. (1957) Geology and Paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 A

Woodring W. P. (1959) Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (gastropods: Vermetidae to Thaididae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 B, 147-239

Woodring W. P. (1964) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (gastropods: Columbellidae to Volutidae)., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 C, 241-297

Woodring W. P. (1970) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (gastropods: Eulimidae, Marginellidae to Helminthoglyptidae)., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 D, 299-452

Woodring W. P. (1973) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (additions to gastropods, scaphopods, pelecypods: Nuculidae to Malleidae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 E, 453-539

Woodring W. P. (1982) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (Pelecypods: Propeamussiidae to Cuspidariidae)., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 F

Pimiento C., González-Barba G., et al (2013) Sharks and Rays (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the late Miocene Gatun Formation of Panama, Journal of Paleontology 87 5, 755-774 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-117

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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