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Calderite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Calderite (9)

Calderite Gallery Search Photos of Calderite

Edit Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Calderite

Schmorrasgrat-South, Ausserferrera, Ferrera, Viamala Region, Grisons, Switzerland

Calderite

Katkamsandi, Katkamsandi Block, Hazaribagh District, Jharkhand, India

Calderite

Otjosondu, Omatako Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Calderite

Schmorrasgrat-South, Ausserferrera, Ferrera, Viamala Region, Grisons, Switzerland

Calderite

Katkamsandi, Katkamsandi Block, Hazaribagh District, Jharkhand, India

Calderite

Otjosondu, Omatako Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Calderite

Schmorrasgrat-South, Ausserferrera, Ferrera, Viamala Region, Grisons, Switzerland

Calderite

Katkamsandi, Katkamsandi Block, Hazaribagh District, Jharkhand, India

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About CalderiteHide

Formula:

Mn²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

Colour:

Dark reddish brown to dark yellowish, brown-yellow

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

4.05

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Garnet Group > Garnet Supergroup

Name:

Named in honor of James Calder, an early writer on the geology of India. The name calderite was first applied to a garnet-bearing rock, and later to a poorly defined massive garnet from India (Clark 1993). Dana 6th (1892) page 433 gave an analysis of the Indian mineral but it is not calderite (it only shows trace Mn). Calderite has faded from the literature and was not regarded as a valid species (Fleischer 1971, 1975), until the a manganese-iron garnet reported by Vermass (1952) from Namibia and the calderite reported from Labrador by Klein (1966) was reinvestigated by Dunn (1979). Dunn recommended revalidation of the species citing the data only from the Namibian and Canadian localities. He confirmed the Wabush calderite as being closer to end-member composition (61.5-72.8% calderite, 38.5-27.2% andradite) than those from Namibia (51% calderite, 36% grossular and 13% spessartine).

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Scully mine, Wabush Lake, Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
ⓘ Otjosondu, Omatako Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

This page provides mineralogical data about Calderite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

864

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:864:6

GUID
(UUID V4):

6ea664fe-0762-48d5-b9e2-3f750422430b

IMA Classification of CalderiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Type description reference:

Dunn, Pete J. (1979) On the validity of calderite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 17 (3) 569-571

Classification of CalderiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

9.AD.25

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
D : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in [6] and/or greater coordination

Dana 8th ed.:

51.4.3a.6

51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO₄ Groups Only
4 : Insular SiO₄ Groups Only with cations in [6] and >[6] coordination

Hey's CIM Ref.:

14.18.34

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Cdr	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Cdr	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of CalderiteHide

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Dark reddish brown to dark yellowish, brown-yellow

Hardness:

7 on Mohs scale

Density:

4.05 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.07 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of CalderiteHide

Type:

Isotropic

RI values:

n = 1.875 - 1.934

Birefringence:

Isotropic minerals have no birefringence

Surface Relief:

Very High

Comments:

Shows slight anisotropism.

Chemistry of CalderiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Mn²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

Elements listed:

Fe, Mn, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ti,Mg

Crystallography of CalderiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Ia3d

Setting:

Ia3d

Cell Parameters:

a = 11.81 Å

Unit Cell V:

1,647.21 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0018998	Calderite	Ottonello G, Borketa M, Sciuto P F (1996) Parameterization of energy and interactions in garnets: End-member properties American Mineralogist 81 429-447		1996	Calculated structure	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Calderite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Ottonello G'
'Borketa M'
'Sciuto P F'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 81 
_journal_year 1996
_journal_page_first 429
_journal_page_last 447
_publ_section_title
;
 Parameterization of energy and interactions in garnets: End-member properties
;
_database_code_amcsd 0018998
_chemical_compound_source 'Calculated structure'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Mn3 Fe2 Si3 O12'
_cell_length_a 11.8288
_cell_length_b 11.8288
_cell_length_c 11.8288
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1655.092
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.437
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'I a 3 d'
loop_
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  'x,y,z'
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  '-z,1/2+x,1/2-y'
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  '1/4+x,3/4-z,1/4-y'
  '3/4-z,1/4+y,3/4+x'
  '1/4-z,3/4+y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+y,1/4-x,3/4-z'
  '1/4+y,3/4-x,1/4-z'
  '3/4-x,1/4+z,3/4+y'
  '1/4-x,3/4+z,1/4+y'
  '3/4+z,1/4-y,3/4-x'
  '1/4+z,3/4-y,1/4-x'
  '3/4-y,1/4+x,3/4+z'
  '1/4-y,3/4+x,1/4+z'
  '1/4+x,1/4+z,1/4+y'
  '3/4+x,3/4+z,3/4+y'
  '1/4-z,1/4-y,1/4-x'
  '3/4-z,3/4-y,3/4-x'
  '1/4+y,1/4+x,1/4+z'
  '3/4+y,3/4+x,3/4+z'
  '1/4-x,1/4-z,1/4-y'
  '3/4-x,3/4-z,3/4-y'
  '1/4+z,1/4+y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+z,3/4+y,3/4+x'
  '1/4-y,1/4-x,1/4-z'
  '3/4-y,3/4-x,3/4-z'
  '1/2+z,x,1/2-y'
  '+z,1/2+x,-y'
  '1/2-y,-z,1/2+x'
  '-y,1/2-z,+x'
  '1/2+x,y,1/2-z'
  '+x,1/2+y,-z'
  '1/2-z,-x,1/2+y'
  '-z,1/2-x,+y'
  '1/2+y,z,1/2-x'
  '+y,1/2+z,-x'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,1/2-y,+z'
  '1/2-z,1/2+x,y'
  '-z,+x,1/2+y'
  '1/2+y,1/2-z,-x'
  '+y,-z,1/2-x'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,z'
  '-x,+y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+z,1/2-x,-y'
  '+z,-x,1/2-y'
  '1/2-y,1/2+z,x'
  '-y,+z,1/2+x'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z'
  '+x,-y,1/2-z'
  '3/4-x,3/4+z,1/4-y'
  '1/4-x,1/4+z,3/4-y'
  '3/4+z,3/4-y,1/4+x'
  '1/4+z,1/4-y,3/4+x'
  '3/4-y,3/4+x,1/4-z'
  '1/4-y,1/4+x,3/4-z'
  '3/4+x,3/4-z,1/4+y'
  '1/4+x,1/4-z,3/4+y'
  '3/4-z,3/4+y,1/4-x'
  '1/4-z,1/4+y,3/4-x'
  '3/4+y,3/4-x,1/4+z'
  '1/4+y,1/4-x,3/4+z'
  '1/4-x,3/4-z,3/4+y'
  '3/4-x,1/4-z,1/4+y'
  '1/4+z,3/4+y,3/4-x'
  '3/4+z,1/4+y,1/4-x'
  '1/4-y,3/4-x,3/4+z'
  '3/4-y,1/4-x,1/4+z'
  '1/4+x,3/4+z,3/4-y'
  '3/4+x,1/4+z,1/4-y'
  '1/4-z,3/4-y,3/4+x'
  '3/4-z,1/4-y,1/4+x'
  '1/4+y,3/4+x,3/4-z'
  '3/4+y,1/4+x,1/4-z'
  '-z,-x,-y'
  '1/2-z,1/2-x,1/2-y'
  'y,z,x'
  '1/2+y,1/2+z,1/2+x'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  'z,x,y'
  '1/2+z,1/2+x,1/2+y'
  '-y,-z,-x'
  '1/2-y,1/2-z,1/2-x'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Mn   0.12500   0.00000   0.25000
Fe   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
Si   0.37500   0.00000   0.25000
O   0.03672   0.05137   0.65715

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.62 Å	(100)
1.574 Å	(100)
2.92 Å	(90)
2.39 Å	(90)
1.632 Å	(90)
0.968 Å	(90)
1.906 Å	(80)
1.474 Å	(70)
1.316 Å	(70)
1.288 Å	(70)
1.257 Å	(70)
2.30 Å	(60)
2.14 Å	(60)
1.095 Å	(60)
1.077 Å	(60)
1.043 Å	(60)

Comments:

Otjosondu, Namibia. Data from Vermaas (1952).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites

Type Occurrence of CalderiteHide

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Scully mine, Wabush Lake, Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
ⓘ Otjosondu, Omatako Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Granular, massive.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No defined type material.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In a manganese deposit

Reference:

Dunn, P.J. (1979): On the validity of calderite. Canadian Mineralogist 17, 569-571. American Mineralogist: 66: 1280.

Synonyms of CalderiteHide

Calderite (of Fermor)

Other Language Names for CalderiteHide

German:Calderit

Russian:Кальдерит

Spanish:Calderita

Relationship of Calderite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Garnet Group > Garnet Supergroup

Other Members of this group:

Almandine	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Andradite	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Blythite	Mn²⁺₃Mn³⁺₂[SiO₄]₃
Eringaite	Ca₃Sc₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Goldmanite	Ca₃V³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Khoharite	Mg₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
Knorringite	Mg₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Majorite	Mg₃(MgSi)(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Menzerite-(Y)	(Y₂Ca)Mg₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Momoiite	Mn²⁺₃V³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Morimotoite	Ca₃(TiFe²⁺)(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Pyrope	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Skiagite	Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂[SiO₄]₃
Spessartine	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

2 photos of Calderite associated with Spessartine	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
2 photos of Calderite associated with Clino-ferro-suenoite	◻{Mn²⁺₂}{Fe²⁺₅}(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.AD.	Adrianite	Ca₁₂(Al₄Mg₃Si₇)O₃₂Cl₆	Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
9.AD.05	Larnite	Ca₂SiO₄	Mon. 2/m
9.AD.10	Calcio-olivine	Ca₂SiO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AD.15	Merwinite	Ca₃Mg(SiO₄)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.AD.20	Bredigite	Ca₇Mg(SiO₄)₄	Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
9.AD.25	Andradite	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Almandine	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Goldmanite	Ca₃V³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Henritermierite	Ca₃Mn³⁺₂(SiO₄)₂[◻(OH)₄]	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
9.AD.25	Kimzeyite	Ca₃Zr₂(SiO₄)(AlO₄)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Knorringite	Mg₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Majorite	Mg₃(MgSi)(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Morimotoite	Ca₃(TiFe²⁺)(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Pyrope	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Spessartine	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Wadalite	(Ca,Mg)₆(Al,Fe³⁺)₄((Si,Al)O₄)₃O₄Cl₃	Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
9.AD.25 va	Hydrougrandite	(Ca,Mg,Fe²⁺)₃(Fe³⁺,Al)₂[(OH)₄(SiO₄)₂]	Iso.
9.AD.25 va	Yamatoite	(Mn²⁺,Ca)₃(V³⁺,Al)₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso.
9.AD.25	Holtstamite	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₂[◻(OH)₄]	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
9.AD.25	Khoharite	Mg₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
9.AD.25	Kerimasite	Ca₃Zr₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Toturite	Ca₃Sn₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Momoiite	Mn²⁺₃V³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Eringaite	Ca₃Sc₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Irinarassite	Ca₃Sn₂(SiO₄)(AlO₄)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Menzerite-(Y)	(Y₂Ca)Mg₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Eltyubyuite	Ca₁₂Fe³⁺₁₀Si₄O₃₂Cl₆	Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
9.AD.25	Blythite	Mn²⁺₃Mn³⁺₂[SiO₄]₃
9.AD.25	Skiagite	Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂[SiO₄]₃
9.AD.25	Hutcheonite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(AlO₄)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	UM1984-37-SiO:CrMn	Mn²⁺₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
9.AD.25	Rubinite	Ca₃Ti³⁺₂Si₃O₁₂	Iso.
9.AD.25	Nikmelnikovite	Ca₁₂(Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₃Al₃◻)[SiO₄]₆[◻(OH)₄]₅◻₄	Trig. 3 : R3
9.AD.30 va	Auerlite	near Th(Si,P)O₄
9.AD.30	Coffinite	U(SiO₄) · nH₂O	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.30	Hafnon	HfSiO₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.30	Thorite	Th(SiO₄)	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.30	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.30	Stetindite-(Ce)	Ce(SiO₄)	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.35	Huttonite	ThSiO₄	Mon. 2/m
9.AD.35	Tombarthite-(Y)	Y₄(Si,H₄)₄O_12-x(OH)_4+2x	Mon.
9.AD.40	Eulytine	Bi₄(SiO₄)₃	Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
9.AD.45	Reidite	ZrSiO₄	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
9.AD.55	Jeffbenite	Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂	Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CalderiteHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-864.html
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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for CalderiteHide

Reference List:

American Mineralogist: 66: 1280.

Dana 6th (1892), 433.

Fermor, L. L. (1926): On the composition of some Indian garnets. Records Geol. Surv. India, 59, Pt. 2, 191-207.

Vermaas, F. H. S. (1952) Manganese-iron garnet from Otjosondu, South-West Africa. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 29 (218) 946-951 doi:10.1180/minmag.1952.029.218.07

Klein, C. (1966) Mineralogy and petrology of the metamorphosed Wabush Iron Formation, southwestern Labrador. Journal of Petrology, 7 (2) 246-305 doi:10.1093/petrology/7.2.246

Dunn, Pete J. (1979) On the validity of calderite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 17 (3) 569-571

Fleischer, Michael, Cabri, Louis J. (1981) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 66 (11-12) 1274-1280

Lattard, Dominique, Schreyer, Werner (1983) Synthesis and stability of the garnet calderite in the system Fe-Mn-Si-O. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 84 (2) 199-214 doi:10.1007/bf00371286

Amthauer, G., Katz-Lehnert, K., Lattard, D., Okrusch, M., Woermann, E. (1989): Crystal chemistry of natural Mn3+-bearing calderite-andradite garnets from Otjosondu, SWA/Namibia. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 189, 43-56.

Clark, A. M. (1993) Hey's Mineral Index - Mineral Species, Varieties and Synonyms (3rd ed.) Natural History Museum, London.p.107

Cenki-Tok, B., Chopin, C. (2006) Coexisting calderite and spessartine garnets in eclogite-facies metacherts of the Western Alps. Mineralogy and Petrology, 88 (1) 47-68 doi:10.1007/s00710-006-0146-4

Grew, E. S., Locock, A. J., Mills, S. J., Galuskina, I. O., Galuskin, E. V., Hålenius, U. (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup. American Mineralogist, 98 (4) 785-811 doi:10.2138/am.2013.4201

(2023) Calderite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for CalderiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Forbes Co. Grenfell ⓘ Hoskins mine	Oberti et al. (2016)

Austria
Tyrol Lienz District Kals am Großglockner ⓘ Romariswandköpfe	Hölblinger et al. (2019)

Canada (TL)
Newfoundland and Labrador Labrador Wabush Lake ⓘ Scully mine (TL)	Klein (1966) +1 other reference

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Savoie Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne Bonneval-sur-Arc ⓘ Ouille du Midi	Cenki-Tok et al. (2006)

India
Jharkhand Hazaribagh District Katkamsandi Block ⓘ Katkamsandi	Dunn (1979) +1 other reference
Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Division Balaghat District ⓘ Netra manganese project	Dasgupta et al. (1987)

Italy
Aosta Valley Saint-Marcel ⓘ Praborna Mine	Cenki-Tok et al. (2006)
Valtournenche ⓘ Cignana Lake (Tsignanaz Lake)	Piccoli et al. (2007)

Kosovo
Ferizaj District Štrpce (Shtërpcë) ⓘ Brezovica ?	Lauf (2013)

Namibia (TL)
Otjozondjupa Region Omatako Constituency ⓘ Otjosondu (TL)	Vermaas (1952) +4 other references

Romania
ⓘ Bistriţa Mn belt	Hîrtopanu et al. (2003)
Caraş-Severin County Brebu ⓘ Delineşti deposit	Hârtopanu P et al. (1997)
Maramureș County Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare	Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Suceava County Cârlibaba Cârlibaba ⓘ Dadu Mn deposit	Hârtopanu et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Ciocănești Ciocănești ⓘ Oița Mn deposit	Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference
Iacobeni ⓘ Arșița mine	minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
Tolovanu ⓘ Tolovanu (Tolovan) Mn deposit	Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference

South Africa
Northern Cape Namakwa District Municipality Khâi-Ma Local Municipality ⓘ Aggeneys	Cairncross et al. (1995)

Sweden
Uppsala County Östhammar Dannemora ⓘ Dannemora mine	Åberg (2015)
Värmland County Filipstad Nordmark mining district Jakobsberg ore field ⓘ ~~Jakobsberg Mine~~	Folvik (2010) +1 other reference
Västmanland County Norberg ⓘ Fredriksgruvan 1	Nysten et al. (2016) +1 other reference

Switzerland
Grisons Viamala Region Ferrera Ausserferrera ⓘ Fianel
ⓘ Schmorrasgrat-South	Brugger J. (1996) +1 other reference

USA
California Mendocino County Coastal Range Laytonville ⓘ Laytonville Quarry	Gaines et al. (1997)

Calderite

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