Afwillite

Afwillite

Crestmore quarries, Crestmore, Riverside County, California, USA

Afwillite

Campomorto Quarry, Pietra Massa Locality, Montalto di Castro, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

Afwillite, etc.

Zeilberg Quarry, Maroldsweisach, Haßberge District, Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany

Afwillite

Crestmore quarries, Crestmore, Riverside County, California, USA

Afwillite

Campomorto Quarry, Pietra Massa Locality, Montalto di Castro, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

Afwillite, etc.

Zeilberg Quarry, Maroldsweisach, Haßberge District, Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany

Afwillite

Crestmore quarries, Crestmore, Riverside County, California, USA

Afwillite

Campomorto Quarry, Pietra Massa Locality, Montalto di Castro, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

About AfwilliteHide

Alpheus Fuller Williams

Formula:

Ca₃(HSiO₄)₂ · 2H₂O

Colour:

Colourless, white; rarely blue

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

3 - 4

Specific Gravity:

2.630

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named in 1925 by John Parry and Frederick Eugene Wright in honor of Alpheus Fuller Williams [June 21, 1874 Oakland Alameda County California, USA - January 6, 1953 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa] of the De Beers Consolidated Mines of South Africa.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Dutoitspan Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine), Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

This page provides mineralogical data about Afwillite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of AfwilliteHide

Classification of AfwilliteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of AfwilliteHide

Optical Data of AfwilliteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.617 n_β = 1.620 n_γ = 1.634

2V:

Measured: 50° to 56°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.017

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

r < v

Optical Extinction:

Y = b; X ∧ c = 31.2°.

Chemistry of AfwilliteHide

Crystallography of AfwilliteHide

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0009147	Afwillite	Megaw H D (1952) The structure of afwillite, Ca3(SiO3OH)2*2H2O Acta Crystallographica 5 477-491		1952	Scawt Hill, Northern Ireland	0	293
0009551	Afwillite	Malik K M A, Jeffery J W (1976) A re-investigation of the structure of afwillite Acta Crystallographica B32 475-480		1976		0	293
0012415	Afwillite	Rastsvetaeva R K, Chukanov N V, Zadov A E (2009) Refined structure of afwillite from the northern Baikal region Crystallography Reports 54 418-422		2009	Yoko Dovyrensky massif, northern Baikal region, Russia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to closedata_global _chemical_name_mineral 'Afwillite' loop_ _publ_author_name 'Megaw H D' _journal_name_full 'Acta Crystallographica' _journal_volume 5 _journal_year 1952 _journal_page_first 477 _journal_page_last 491 _publ_section_title ; The structure of afwillite, Ca3(SiO3OH)2*2H2O ; _database_code_amcsd 0009147 _chemical_compound_source 'Scawt Hill, Northern Ireland' _chemical_formula_sum 'Ca3 Si2 O10 H6' _cell_length_a 16.27 _cell_length_b 5.632 _cell_length_c 13.23 _cell_angle_alpha 90 _cell_angle_beta 134.80 _cell_angle_gamma 90 _cell_volume 860.212 _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 2.644 _symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C 1 c 1' loop_ _space_group_symop_operation_xyz 'x,y,z' '1/2+x,1/2+y,z' 'x,-y,1/2+z' '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z' loop_ _atom_site_label _atom_site_fract_x _atom_site_fract_y _atom_site_fract_z _atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv Ca1 0.19680 0.03480 0.29200 0.01773 Ca2 0.80120 0.04850 0.20930 0.01773 Ca3 0.50370 0.03620 0.02880 0.01773 Si1 0.11750 0.04420 0.00070 0.01773 Si2 0.86920 0.97530 0.99820 0.01773 O1 0.99180 0.91520 0.34100 0.01773 O-H2 0.99920 0.90450 0.15380 0.01773 O3 0.78370 0.96950 0.02070 0.01773 O-H4 0.21580 0.05450 0.98880 0.01773 O5 0.33120 0.73520 0.39050 0.01773 O6 0.36300 0.28200 0.43330 0.01773 O7 0.14730 0.26670 0.09830 0.01773 O8 0.13180 0.81250 0.07780 0.01773 Wat9 0.56300 0.97950 0.25830 0.01773 Wat10 0.41200 0.96930 0.26470 0.01773

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of AfwilliteHide

Other Language Names for AfwilliteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for AfwilliteHide

References for AfwilliteHide

Reference List:

Year ⬇Author Title Publisher

Parry, J., Wright, F.E. (1925) Afwillite, a new hydrous calcium silicate, from Dutoitspan mine, Kimberley, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine: 20: 277-285.

Foshag, W.F. (1925) New minerals: new species. American Mineralogist: 10: 447-448.

Parry, J., Wright, F.E. (1925) Afwillite, a new hydrous calcium silicate, from Dutoitspan mine, Kimberley, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine: 20: 277-285.

Tilley, C.E. (1930) An association of afwillite with spurrite. Geological Magazine: 67(4): 168-169.

Megaw, H.D. (1949) Hydroxyl groups in afwillite. Acta Crystallographica: 2(6): 419-420.

Megaw, H.D. (1952) The structure of afwillite, Ca3(SiO3OH)2·2H2O. Acta Crystallographica: 5: 477-491.

Moody, K.M. (1952) The thermal decomposition of afwillite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society: 29(216): 838-840.

Switzer, G., Bailey, E.H. (1953) Afwillite from Crestmore, California. American Mineralogist: 38(7-8): 629-633.

Shaw, R. (1953) The thermal expansion of afwillite. Acta Crystallographica: 6(5): 428-429.

Taylor, H.F.W. (1955) The dehydration of afwillite. Acta Crystallographica: 8(7): 440-440.

Grünhagen, H., Mergoil-Daniel, J. (1963) Découverte d'hydrocalumite et afwillite associées à l'ettringite dans les porcélanites de Boisséjour près Ceyrat (Puy-de-Dôme). Bulletin de Minéralogie: 86(2): 149-157.

Taylor, J.E. (1968) The heat of formation of xonotlite, tobermorite, hillebrandite and afwillite. In Conference on the Silicate Industry. Akad Kiado, Budapest, Hungary: 179-184.

Malik, K.M.A., Jeffery, J.W. (1976) A reinvestigation of the structure of afwillite. Acta Crystallographica: B32: 475-480.

Kusachi, I., Henmi, C., Henmi, K. (1989) Afwillite and jennite from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Journal: 14(7): 279-292.

Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Chukanov, N.V., Zadov, A.E. (2009) Refined structure of afwillite from the northern Baikal region. Crystallography Reports: 54: 418-422.

Rafał Juroszek, Maria Czaja, Radosław Lisiecki, Biljana Krüger, Barbara Hachuła, Irina Galuskina (2020): Spectroscopic and structural investigations of blue afwillite from Ma’ale Adummim locality, Palestinian Autonomy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 227, 1386-1425.

Localities for AfwilliteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Austria
Styria Südoststeiermark District Klöch ⓘ Basalt quarry	Walter Trattner collection
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Puy-de-Dôme Clermont-Ferrand Beaumont ⓘ Boisséjour	Grünhagen H and Mergoil J (1963) Découverte d'hydrocalumite et afwillite associées à l'ettringite dans les porcélanites de Boisséjour près Ceyrat (Puy de Dôme). Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie 86: 149-157.
Germany
Bavaria Lower Franconia Haßberge District Maroldsweisach ⓘ Zeilberg Quarry	Pöllmann, H. (1991): Die Afwillit-Portlandit Paragenese im Basalt des Zeilbergs bei Maroldsweisach/Unterfranken. Aufschluss, 42, 257-266
Rhineland-Palatinate Ahrweiler Brohltal Brenk ⓘ Schellkopf	Handbook of Mineralogy
Mayen-Koblenz Mayen Seekante ⓘ Xenolith CS-020	Skrzyńska, K. Cametti, G. Juroszek, R. Schӓfer, Ch, Galuskina, I. (2023): New data on minerals with the GIS framework-type structure: gismondine-Sr from the Bellerberg volcano, Germany, and amicite and Ba-rich gismondine from the Hatrurim Complex, Israel. Mineralogical Magazine, April 2023
Mendig Bell ⓘ Rothenberg Quarry	Blass, G., Graf, HW., Kolitsch, U., Sebold, D., Über neue Mineralfunde aus der Vulkaneifel, MW 6/2005
Vordereifel Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry	Hentschel, Gerhard (1987) Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane (2nd ed.) Christian Weise Verlag, Munich.
ⓘ Xenolith CS-050	in the collection of Christof SchäferIdentification: SEM-EDS
Kottenheim ⓘ Hufnagel	Hentschel, Gerhard (1983) Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane (1st ed.) Christian Weise Verlag, Munich.
Vulkaneifel Daun Üdersdorf ⓘ Emmelberg	Schüller, Wilhelm, Betz, Volker (1986) Die Mineralien vom Emmelberg. Lapis, 11 (12) 11-25
Gerolstein Hohenfels-Essingen ⓘ Feuerberg	Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
Ireland
Connacht Sligo County Killala Bay ⓘ Inishcrone	Nawaz, R. (1974) Killalaite, a New Mineral from Co. Sligo, Ireland. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 39, n° 305, 544-548. Embrey, Peter G. (1978) Fourth supplementary list of British minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 42 (322) 169-177 doi:10.1180/minmag.1978.042.322.01
Israel
Southern District (HaDarom District) Tamar Regional Council ⓘ Hatrurim Basin	Galuskin, Evgeny V., Gfeller, Frank, Armbruster, Thomas, Galuskina, Irina O., Vapnik, Yevgeny, Dulski, Mateusz, Murashko, Mikhail, Dzierżanowski, Piotr, Sharygin, Viktor V., Krivovichev, Sergey V., Wirth, Richard (2015) Mayenite supergroup, part III: Fluormayenite, Ca12Al14O32[□4F2], and fluorkyuygenite, Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2], two new minerals from pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Complex, South Levant. European Journal of Mineralogy, 27 (1) 123-136 doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2420
ⓘ Aravaite type locality	Sergey N. Britvin, Irina O. Galuskina, Natalia S. Vlasenko, Oleg S. Vereshchagin, Vladimir N. Bocharov, Maria G. Krzhizhanovskaya, Vladimir V. Shilovskikh, Evgeny V. Galuskin, Yevgeny Vapnik, and Edita V. Obolonskaya (xxxx) Keplerite, Ca9(Ca0.5□0.5)Mg(PO4)7, a new meteoritic and terrestrial phosphate isomorphous with merrillite, Ca9NaMg(PO4)7. American Mineralogist 10.2138/am-2021-7834 Britvin, S.N., Galuskina, I.O., Vlasenko, N.S., Vereshchagin, O.S., Bocharov, V.N., Krzhizhanovskaya, M.G., Shilovskikh, V.V., Galuskin, E.V., Vapnik, Y., Obolonskaya, E.V. (2021) Keplerite, Ca9(Ca0.5□0.5)Mg(PO4)7, a new meteoritic and terrestrial phosphate isomorphous with merrillite, Ca9NaMg(PO4)7. American Mineralogist: ??: ??.
ⓘ Mazorite type locality	Krzątała, Arkadiusz, Skrzyńska, Katarzyna, Cametti, Georgia, Galuskina, Irina, Vapnik, Yevgeny, Galuskin, Evgeny (2023) Fluoralforsite, Ba5(PO4)3F – a new apatite group mineral from the Hatrurim Basin, Negev Desert, Israel. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-32 doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.58
ⓘ Nahal Morag Canyon	Sharygin, Victor V. Yakovlev, Grigory A. Wirth, Richard Seryotkin, Yurii V. Sokol, Ellina V. Nigmatulina, Elena N. Karmanov, Nikolai S. Pautov, Leonid A. (2019) Nataliakulikite, Ca4Ti2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(Si,Fe3+,Al)O11, a New Perovskite-Supergroup Mineral from Hatrurim Basin, Negev Desert, Israel. Minerals 9, no. 11: 700.
Tel Aviv District ⓘ Ayalon River (Nahal Ayalon)	GROSS, S., MAZOR, E., SASS, E., & ZAK., I. (1967). The mottled zone complex of Ayalon (Israel). Israel Bull. Earth Sciences, 16, 84-96.
Italy
Lazio Metropolitan City of Rome Capital ⓘ Alban Hills	Caponera, I., Fiori, S., Pucci, R., & Signoretti, E. (2007). I minerali dei Colli Albani. Un aggiornamento sugli ultimi dieci anni di ricerche. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (2), 74-91.
Rome Valleranello ⓘ Vallerano Quarries	Fiori, S., Pucci, R., and Papacci, M. (2002) Nuovi ritrovamenti nelle cave di Vallerano (Roma). Il Cercapietre, 1-2, articolo 6 www.gminromano.it (2004) http://www.gminromano.it/Cercapietre/rivista02/testo/02A06.html Carlini, R., and Signoretti, E. (2018) Il Lazio classico: le cave di leucitite della provincia di Roma (Vallerano, Laghetto e Osa). Fossils & Minerals, 4, 24-53.
Viterbo Province Montalto di Castro Pietra Massa Locality ⓘ Campomorto Quarry	Passaglia, E. & Turconi, B. (1982): Silicati ed altri minerali di Montalto di Castro - VT. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1982, 97-110.
Umbria Perugia Province Spoleto ⓘ Colle Fabbri	Stoppa F., Scordari F., Mesto E., Sharygin V.V. and Bortolozzi G. - Calcium-aluminium-silicate-hydrate "cement" phases and rare Ca-zeolite association at Colle Fabbri, Central Italy (2010). Centr.Eur.J.Geosci. 2 (2), pag. 175-187 .
Veneto Vicenza Province Cornedo Vicentino Spagnago ⓘ Grolla quarry	50 Boscardin, M., Cassinelli, C. and Sovilla, S. (1990): Die Mineralien des Basaltes von Spagnago im norditalienischen Vicentin. Lapis 15(12), 27-32 Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
Japan
Hiroshima Prefecture Shoubara City Kushiro ⓘ Uenotani	Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.)
Okayama Prefecture Ibara City Higashi-Mihara ⓘ Mihara mine	KUSACHI, I., HENM, C., & HENMI, K. (1989). Afwillite and jennite from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Journal, 14, 279-292.
Takahashi City Bitchū Fuka ⓘ Fuka mine	Kusachi, I., Henmi, C., Henmi, K. (1989) Afwillite and jennite from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Journal: 14: 279-292. Henmi, C., Kusachi, I. (1992) Clinotobermorite, Ca5Si6(O,OH)18·5H2O, a new mineral from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine: 56(3): 353-358.
Jordan
Amman Governorate Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex ⓘ Daba	Pitty, A. F., & Alexander, W. R. (2010). A natural analogue study of cement buffered, hyperalkaline groundwaters and their interaction with a repository host rock IV: an examination of the Khushaym Matruk (central Jordan) and Maqarin (northern Jordan) sites. NDA-RWMD Technical Report, NDA, Moors Row, UK.
Hashem region Lisdan-Siwaga Fault ⓘ Jordan Areva Resources	Fleurance, S., Cuney, M., Malartre, F., & Reyx, J. (2013). Origin of the extreme polymetallic enrichment (Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, U, V, Zn) of the Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary Belqa Group, central Jordan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 369, 201-219.
Siwaga ⓘ Qatranaite locality	Vapnik, Y., Galuskin, E. V., Galuskina, I. O., Kusz, J., Stasiak, M., Krzykawski, T., & Dulski, M. (2019). Qatranaite, CaZn2(OH)6∙2H2O: a new mineral from altered pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Complex, Daba-Siwaqa, Jordan. European Journal of Mineralogy, 31(3), 575–584. doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2833
Irbid Governorate Maqarin area ⓘ Yarmouk river	Khoury, H. N., Salameh, E., & Abdul-Jaber, Q. (1985). Characteristics of an unusual highly alkaline water from the Maqarin area, northern Jordan. Journal of Hydrology, 81(1), 79-91.
Middle East
ⓘ Hatrurim Formation	Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
New Zealand
Northland Region Kaipara District Tokatoka ⓘ Golden Gully	Railton, G. T., Watters, W. A. (1990) Minerals of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin 104. New Zealand Geological Survey
Palestine
West Bank Quds Governorate ⓘ Jebel Harmun (Jabel Harum)	Galuskin, Evgeny V., Gfeller, Frank, Armbruster, Thomas, Galuskina, Irina O., Vapnik, Yevgeny, Dulski, Mateusz, Murashko, Mikhail, Dzierżanowski, Piotr, Sharygin, Viktor V., Krivovichev, Sergey V., Wirth, Richard (2015) Mayenite supergroup, part III: Fluormayenite, Ca12Al14O32[□4F2], and fluorkyuygenite, Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2], two new minerals from pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Complex, South Levant. European Journal of Mineralogy, 27 (1) 123-136 doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2420
ⓘ Ma'ale Adumim	Juroszek, R. Krüger, B. Galuskina, I. Krüger, H. Tribus, M. Sokol, E.V., Gaskova, O.L., Kokh, S.N., Kozmenko, O.A., Seryotkin, Y.V., Vapnik, Y., Murashko, M.N. (2011): Chromatite and its Cr3+- and Cr6+-bearing precursor minerals from the Nabi Musa Mottled Zone complex, Judean Desert. American Mineralogist 96, 659-674. Rafał Juroszek, Biljana Krüger, Yevgeny Vapnik, Irina Galuskina, Evgeny Galuskin (2018) Blue afwillite from Ma’ale Adummim, Judean Desert, Israel. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 357 Kürsten, C. (2020) Raman Spectroscopy and Single-Crystal High-Temperature Investigations of Bentorite, Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O. Minerals 10, 38 Rafał Juroszek, Maria Czaja, Radosław Lisiecki, Biljana Krüger, Barbara Hachuła, Irina Galuskina (2020): Spectroscopic and structural investigations of blue afwillite from Ma’ale Adummim locality, Palestinian Autonomy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 227, 1386-1425.
Romania
Brașov County ⓘ Racoş (Racoşul de Jos)	Szakáll, S., Kristály, F., 2010. Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Sfântu Gheorghe-Miercurea Ciuc-Târgu Mureş. 2010.
ⓘ Basalt quarry	Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp.
Caraş-Severin County ⓘ Oraviţa Skarns	Marincea, S., Dumitraş. D-G., Ghinet, C, Fransolet, A.-M., Hatert, F. & Rondeaux, M. (2011): Gehlenite from three occurrences of high-temperature skarns, Romania: new mineralogical data. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 1001-1014
Hunedoara County ⓘ Cornet Hill	Marincea, Ş., Dumitraş, D. G., Călin, N., Anason, A. M., Fransolet, A. M., & Hatert, F. (2013). Spurrite, tilleyite and associated minerals in the exoskarn zone from Cornet Hill (Metaliferi Massif, Apuseni Mountains, Romania). The Canadian Mineralogist, 51(3), 359-375.
Russia
Buryatia Severo-Baykalsky District Dovyren Highlands ⓘ Yoko-Dovyrensky Massif	American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 323–333, 2009
Kabardino-Balkaria Baksan Valley ⓘ Upper Chegem volcanic caldera (Verkhnechegemskaya caldera)	Bailau, R., Gałuskin, E. V., Gazeev, V. M., & Gałuskina, I. O. Raman investigation of potential new mineral-Fe 3-analogue of wadalite from calcareous-silicate xenoliths of the Upper Chegem caldera, Northern Caucasus, Russia. Galuskin, E. V., Lazic, B., Armbruster, T., Galuskina, I. O., Pertsev, N. N., Gazeev, V. M., Wlodyka, R., Dulski, M., Dzierzanowski, P., Zadov, A. E., Dubrovinsky, L. S. (2012) Edgrewite Ca9(SiO4)4F2 - hydroxyledgrewite Ca9(SiO4)4(OH)2, a new series of calcium humite-group minerals from altered xenoliths in the ignimbrite of Upper Chegem caldera, Northern Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia. American Mineralogist, 97 (11) 1998-2006 doi:10.2138/am.2012.4161
Lakargi Mountain ⓘ Xenolith no. 1	Galuskina, Irina O., Krüger, Biljana, Galuskin, Evgeny V., Armbruster, Thomas, Gazeev, Viktor M., Włodyka, Roman, Dulski, Mateusz, Dzierżanowski, Piotr (2015) Fluorchegemite, Ca7(SiO4)3F2, a new mineral from the edgrewite-bearing endoskarn zone of an altered xenolith in ignimbrites from upper Chegem caldera, Northern Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia: occurrence, crystal structure, and new data on the mineral assemblages. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53 (2) 325-344 doi:10.3749/canmin.1400084
ⓘ Xenolith no. 3	Galuskin, E. V., Galuskina, I. O., Gazeev, V. M., Dzierżanowski, P., Prusik, K., Pertsev, N. N., Zadov, A. E., Bailau, R., Gurbanov, A. G. (2011) Megawite, CaSnO3: a new perovskite-group mineral from skarns of the Upper Chegem caldera, Kabardino-Balkaria, Northern Caucasus, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (5) 2563-2572 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.5.2563
Krasnoyarsk Krai Evenkiysky District Nizhnyaya Tunguska River Basin ⓘ Anakit Creek	No reference listed
South Africa (TL)
Northern Cape Frances Baard District Municipality Sol Plaatje Local Municipality Kimberley KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine) ⓘ Dutoitspan Mine (TL)	Parry, J., Wright, F.E. (1925) Afwillite, a new hydrous calcium silicate, from Dutoitspan mine, Kimberley, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine: 20: 277-285 Clark, A. M. (1993) Hey's Mineral Index - Mineral Species, Varieties and Synonyms (3rd ed.) Natural History Museum, London.
John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Hotazel ⓘ Wessels Mine	Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa pg 180
Joe Morolong Local Municipality N'Chwaning Mines ⓘ N'Chwaning I Mine	Von Bezing, K.L., Dixon, R.D., Pohl, D., Cavallo, G. (1991) The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field: an update. The Mineralogical Record: 22(3): 279-302.
ⓘ N'Chwaning II Mine	Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa pg 180
UK
Northern Ireland Co. Antrim Glenoe ⓘ Carneal	Nawaz, R. (1977). A second occurrence of killalaite. Mineralogical Magazine, 41, 546-548.
Larne ⓘ Scawt Hill	Tilley, C.E. (1930) An association of afwillite and spurrite. Geological Magazine: 67: 168-169. Tilley, C.E. (1942) Tricalcium disilicate (rankinite), a new mineral from Scawt Hill, Co. Antrim. Mineralogical Magazine: 26(176): 190-197. Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Strübel, Zimmer (1991) Lexikon der Minerale. 2nd Ed., 1991.
USA
California Riverside County Crestmore Crestmore quarries Sky Blue Hill ⓘ Commercial Quarry	Switzer, G. and Bailey, E.H. (1953) Afwillite from Crestmore, California. American Mineralogist: 38: 629-633. Murdoch, Joseph (1954) Scawtite and bultfonteinite from Crestmore, California. (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 65: 1347-1348. Murdoch, Joseph (1955) Scawtite from Crestmore, California. American Mineralogist: 40: 505-509.
Missouri Washington County ⓘ Pea Ridge Mine	Sherwood, M. D., & Williams, G. A. (1998). Missouri mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 73(2), 98-117.