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Procyonidae

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Description

Procyonidae is a New World family of the order Carnivora. It comprises the raccoons, coatis, kinkajous, olingos, olinguitos, ringtails, and cacomistles. Procyonids inhabit a wide range of environments and are generally omnivorous.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyonidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5311	https://www.gbif.org/species/5311
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	41249	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41249

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Procyonidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
superfamily	Musteloidea	Fischer de Waldheim 1817
family	Procyonidae	Gray 1825

Common Name

procyonid carnivore

Scientific Name

Procyonidae

Name Published In

Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.339

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Ferae	stated without evidence	Bonaparte, 1850
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Arctoidea	stated without evidence	Flower, 1883
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Fissipedia	stated without evidence	Cope, 1889
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Arctoidea	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Kurten, 1968
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Fissipedia	stated without evidence	Kurten and Anderson, 1980
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Arctoidea	implied	Carroll, 1988
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	implied	Nowak, 1991
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Musteloidea	stated with evidence	Baskin, 1998
Procyonidae	family	belongs to Arctoidea	stated without evidence	Salesa et al., 2006

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

30 (32%)

First Recorded Appearance

30.8 - 22.4 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

frugivore, carnivore

Ecospace Comments

life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Procyonid Carnivore, Procyonids, Raccoons And Relatives, Halvbjörnar, Wasberen, Raccoon, Coati & Olingo

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyonidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Procyoninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		204	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cercoleptina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Melina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Procyonina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Actiocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Amphictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	28.4 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Angustictis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	22.4 Ma Miocene
Arctonasua ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	16.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Bassaricyon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Olingo	2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Bassaricyonoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Bassariscus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Ringtail	45	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Brachynasua ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Broiliana ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Cyonasua ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	11.6 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Edaphocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Magerictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	16.9 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Nasua genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Coati	7	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Nasuella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pachynasua ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parailurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	5.33 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Paranasua ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	13.6 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Parapotos ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Potos genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Procyon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Raccoon	100	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Protoprocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	13.6 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Pseudobassaris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	37.2 Ma Eocene	26.3 Ma Oligocene
Simocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	11.6 Ma Miocene	8.70 Ma Miocene
Sivanasua ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stromeriella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	22.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Tetraprothomo ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	6.80 Ma Miocene	6.80 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Cercoleptidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Cercoleptidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1825	Procyonidae Gray
1850	Cercoleptidae Bonaparte p. 1
1850	Procyonidae Bonaparte p. 1
1883	Procyonidae Flower p. 185
1889	Cercoleptidae Cope p. 876
1889	Procyonidae Cope p. 876
1891	Procyonidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1902	Cercoleptinae Hay p. 764

Year	Name and Author
1902	Procyonidae Hay p. 764
1968	Procyonidae Kurten p. 118
1980	Procyonidae Kurten and Anderson p. 175
1988	Procyonidae Carroll
1991	Procyonidae Nowak
1998	Procyonidae Baskin p. 146
2006	Procyonidae Salesa et al. p. 381

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1

Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Kurten B. (1968) Pleistocene Mammals of Europe, 1-317

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442

Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II

Baskin J. A. (1998) Procyonidae, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 144-151

Salesa M. J., Antón M., et al (2006) Evidence of a false thumb in a fossil carnivore clarifies the evolution of pandas, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 2, 379-382

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Jacobsson, A. (2013) Tvättbjörnen fångades med hjälp av Ubbes pommes frites. VästerviksTidningen 2013-06-21. http://www.vt.se/nyheter/?articleid=6874174 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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