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Procyon

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

Procyon is the brightest object in the constellation of Canis Minor and usually the eighth-brightest star in the night sky with a visual apparent magnitude of 0.34. It has the Bayer designation α Canis Minoris, which is Latinised to Alpha Canis Minoris, and abbreviated α CMi or Alpha CMi, respectively. As determined by the European Space Agency Hipparcos astrometry satellite, this system lies at a distance of just 11.46 light-years (3.51 parsecs), and is therefore one of Earth's nearest stellar neighbours.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyon, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2433592	https://www.gbif.org/species/2433592
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	41262	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41262

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Procyonidae : Procyon

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
superfamily	Musteloidea	Fischer de Waldheim 1817
family	Procyonidae	Gray 1825
subfamily	Procyoninae	Gray 1825
tribe	Procyonini	Gray 1825
genus	Procyon	Storr 1780

Common Name

raccoon

Scientific Name

Procyon Storr, 1780

Name Published In

Storr, G. C. C. 1780. Prodromvs methodi mammalivm. Litteris Reissianis, Tvbingæ.: 1-43.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyonidae	stated without evidence	Storr, 1780
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyonina	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Procyon	genus	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Leidy, 1860
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyonidae	stated with evidence	Wortman and Matthew, 1899
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyoninae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyonidae	stated without evidence	Wilson, 1967
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyoninae	stated without evidence	Kurten and Anderson, 1980
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyonidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyoninae	stated with evidence	Baskin, 1998
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyonidae	stated without evidence	Hollister, 2000
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyonini	stated with evidence	Baskin, 2004
Procyon	genus	belongs to Procyonidae	stated without evidence	Salles et al., 2006

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

5 (83%)

First Recorded Appearance

10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore, carnivore

Ecospace Comments

non-vertebrate/meat group (Van Valkenburgh 1988) and scansorial (Gebo and Rose 1993)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.

Common Name(s)

Raccoon, Raccoons

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyon

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Procyon (Euprocyon) subgenus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Procyon (Procyon) subgenus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Procyon brachyurus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procyon cancrivorus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Crab Eating Raccoon	3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Procyon lotor species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Raccoon	71	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Procyon obscurus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procyon psora species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procyon pygmaeus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Procyon rexroadensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Procion Rüppell, 1842	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Procyonidae : *Procion*
Proyon Geoffroy, 1835	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Procyonidae : *Proyon*
Prochyon Swainson, 1835	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Procyonidae : *Prochyon*
Porcyon Bronn, 1824	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Procyonidae : *Porcyon*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1780	Procyon Storr
1795	Lotor Geoffroy and Cuvier
1825	Procyon Gray p. 339
1860	Procyon Leidy p. 115
1899	Procyon Wortman and Matthew p. 129
1902	Procyon Hay p. 764
1967	Procyon Wilson p. 211

Year	Name and Author
1980	Procyon Kurten and Anderson p. 175
1988	Procyon Carroll
1998	Procyon Baskin p. 148
2000	Procyon Hollister p. 145
2004	Procyon Baskin p. 717
2006	Procyon Salles et al. p. 8
2019	Procyon Albright et al. p. 177

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Leidy J. Description of Vertebrate Fossils, Post-Pleiocene Fossils of South-Carolina, 99-122

Wortman J. L., Matthew W. D. The ancestry of certain members of the Canidae, the Viverridae, and Procyonidae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12 6, 109-138

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Wilson R. L. (1967) The Pleistocene vertebrates of Michigan, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 52, 197-234

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Baskin J. A. (1998) Procyonidae, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 144-151

Baskin J. A. (2004) Bassariscus and Probassariscus (Mammalia, Carnivora, Procyonidae) from the early Barstovian (Middle Miocene), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 3, 709-720

Salles L. O., Cartelle C., et al (2006) Quaternary mammals from Serra do Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, Boletim do Museu Nacional 521, 1-12

Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Prod., 35 & tab. A. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 91 Thirty-five generic names of Mammals placed on the Official List of Generic Names.Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 73(4), 1 (1926) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Jacobsson, A. (2013) Tvättbjörnen fångades med hjälp av Ubbes pommes frites. VästerviksTidningen 2013-06-21. http://www.vt.se/nyheter/?articleid=6874174 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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