Al-Hermezi, H. M. (1985) Qandilite, a new spinel end-member, Mg₂TiO₄, from the Qala-Dizeh region, NE Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 49 (354) 739-744 doi:10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.15

Classification of QandiliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

4.BB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations

Dana 8th ed.:

7.2.5.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB₂X₄

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.9.23

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Qnd	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Qnd	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Qd	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of QandiliteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Black

Streak:

Black

Hardness:

7 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=960 - 1045 - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Three sets of octahedral (111) cleavages.

Comment:

'Even' fracture.

Density:

4.03 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.04 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of QandiliteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R
400nm	14.8%
420nm	14.2%
440nm	13.8%
460nm	13.5%
480nm	13.3%
500nm	13.2%
520nm	13.1%
540nm	13.1%
560nm	13.0%
580nm	13.0%
600nm	13.0%
620nm	13.0%
640nm	13.0%
660nm	12.9%
680nm	12.9%
700nm	12.9%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 14.8%.

Colour in reflected light:

Grey with a pinkish tint.

Internal Reflections:

none

Chemistry of QandiliteHide

Mindat Formula:

(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄

Elements listed:

Al, Fe, Mg, O, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:

	1
WO₃	0.02 %
Ta₂O₅	0.02 %
SiO₂	0.02 %
TiO₂	43.13 %
ZrO₂	0.04 %
SnO₂	0.10 %
Al₂O₃	4.10 %
V₂O₃	1.19 %
Cr₂O₃	0.09 %
Sc₂O₃	0.06 %
Fe₂O₃*	2.24 %
FeO*	8.33 %
MnO	0.69 %
ZnO	0.02 %
MgO	41.09 %
Total:	101.14 %

Empirical formulas:

Sample ID	Empirical Formula
1	(Mg_1.69Fe²⁺_0.19Al_0.10Mn²⁺_0.02)(Ti_0.89Fe³⁺_0.05V_0.03Al_0.03)O₄

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Tazheranskii Massif, Lake Baikal area, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia	Frank K. Mazdab collection; sample FKM-283; https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-276-to-fkm-300/#FKM-283	sparse scattered grains in high-grade geikielite-bearing magnesian marble, with abundant forsterite and spinel. FeO/Fe2O3 calculated by charge balance; V2O3 content based on V corrected for overlap from Ti Kb.

Crystallography of QandiliteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Setting:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.4033(14) Å

Unit Cell V:

593.40 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

Synthetic material described by Wechsler and Von Dreele (1989) has a = 8.4376 Å.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0001746	Qandilite	Millard R L, Peterson R C, Hunter B K (1995) Study of the cubic to tetragonal transition in Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4 spinels by 17O MAS NMR and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data American Mineralogist 80 885-896	1995		293
0001747	Qandilite	Millard R L, Peterson R C, Hunter B K (1995) Study of the cubic to tetragonal transition in Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4 spinels by 17O MAS NMR and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data American Mineralogist 80 885-896	1995		293
0001750	Qandilite	Millard R L, Peterson R C, Hunter B K (1995) Study of the cubic to tetragonal transition in Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4 spinels by 17O MAS NMR and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data American Mineralogist 80 885-896	1995		293
0001751	Qandilite	Millard R L, Peterson R C, Hunter B K (1995) Study of the cubic to tetragonal transition in Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4 spinels by 17O MAS NMR and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data American Mineralogist 80 885-896	1995		293
0003080	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		363
0003081	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		343
0003082	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		370
0003083	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		425
0003084	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		493
0003085	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		562
0003086	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		633
0003087	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		698
0003088	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		756
0003089	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		832
0003090	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		898
0003091	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		963
0003092	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1029
0003093	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1093
0003094	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1158
0003095	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1222
0003096	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1293
0003097	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1327
0003098	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		373
0003099	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		513
0003100	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		832
0003101	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1123
0003102	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1185
0003103	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1248
0003104	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1312
0003105	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1376
0003106	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1440
0003107	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1505
0003108	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1570
0003109	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1632
0003110	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1676
0003111	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1689
0003112	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1670
0003113	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1619
0003114	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1556
0003115	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1492
0003116	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1354
0003117	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1217
0003118	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1155
0003119	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1070
0003120	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		1029
0003121	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		966
0003122	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		903
0003123	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		840
0003124	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		776
0003125	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		712
0003126	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		648
0003127	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		585
0003128	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		523
0003129	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		471
0003130	Qandilite	O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865	2003		441
0009832	Qandilite	Wechsler B A, Von Dreele R B (1989) Structure refinements of Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3 and MgTi2O5 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction Acta Crystallographica B45 542-549	1989	synthetic	293
0009833	Qandilite	Wechsler B A, Von Dreele R B (1989) Structure refinements of Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3 and MgTi2O5 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction Acta Crystallographica B45 542-549	1989	synthetic	293
0018128	Qandilite	Barth T, Posnjak E (1932) Spinel structures: with and without variate atom equipoints _cod_database_code 1011276 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 82 325-341	1932		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Qandilite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Millard R L'
'Peterson R C'
'Hunter B K'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 80 
_journal_year 1995
_journal_page_first 885
_journal_page_last 896
_publ_section_title
;
 Study of the cubic to tetragonal transition in Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4 spinels by
 17O MAS NMR and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data
 Sample: RLM445, 1405 C, Mg2TiO4
;
_database_code_amcsd 0001746
_chemical_formula_sum '(Ti Mg2) O4'
_cell_length_a 8.44183
_cell_length_b 8.44183
_cell_length_c 8.44183
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 601.603
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.544
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
loop_
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  '1/4+y,3/4+z,1/2-x'
  '3/4-x,1/4-y,1/2+z'
  '3/4-x,3/4-y,+z'
  '1/4-x,1/4-y,+z'
  '1/4-x,3/4-y,1/2+z'
  '-z,3/4+x,3/4+y'
  '-z,1/4+x,1/4+y'
  '1/2-z,3/4+x,1/4+y'
  '1/2-z,1/4+x,3/4+y'
  'y,3/4-z,3/4-x'
  'y,1/4-z,1/4-x'
  '1/2+y,3/4-z,1/4-x'
  '1/2+y,1/4-z,3/4-x'
  '-x,3/4+y,3/4+z'
  '-x,1/4+y,1/4+z'
  '1/2-x,3/4+y,1/4+z'
  '1/2-x,1/4+y,3/4+z'
  'z,3/4-x,3/4-y'
  'z,1/4-x,1/4-y'
  '1/2+z,3/4-x,1/4-y'
  '1/2+z,1/4-x,3/4-y'
  '-y,3/4+z,3/4+x'
  '-y,1/4+z,1/4+x'
  '1/2-y,3/4+z,1/4+x'
  '1/2-y,1/4+z,3/4+x'
  'x,3/4-y,3/4-z'
  'x,1/4-y,1/4-z'
  '1/2+x,3/4-y,1/4-z'
  '1/2+x,1/4-y,3/4-z'
  '1/4-x,1/2+z,3/4-y'
  '1/4-x,+z,1/4-y'
  '3/4-x,1/2+z,1/4-y'
  '3/4-x,+z,3/4-y'
  '1/4+z,1/2-y,3/4+x'
  '1/4+z,-y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+z,1/2-y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+z,-y,3/4+x'
  '1/4-y,1/2+x,3/4-z'
  '1/4-y,+x,1/4-z'
  '3/4-y,1/2+x,1/4-z'
  '3/4-y,+x,3/4-z'
  '1/4+x,1/2-z,3/4+y'
  '1/4+x,-z,1/4+y'
  '3/4+x,1/2-z,1/4+y'
  '3/4+x,-z,3/4+y'
  '1/4-z,1/2+y,3/4-x'
  '1/4-z,+y,1/4-x'
  '3/4-z,1/2+y,1/4-x'
  '3/4-z,+y,3/4-x'
  '1/4+y,1/2-x,3/4+z'
  '1/4+y,-x,1/4+z'
  '3/4+y,1/2-x,1/4+z'
  '3/4+y,-x,3/4+z'
  '3/4-x,3/4-z,y'
  '3/4-x,1/4-z,1/2+y'
  '1/4-x,3/4-z,1/2+y'
  '1/4-x,1/4-z,y'
  '3/4+z,3/4+y,-x'
  '3/4+z,1/4+y,1/2-x'
  '1/4+z,3/4+y,1/2-x'
  '1/4+z,1/4+y,-x'
  '3/4-y,3/4-x,z'
  '3/4-y,1/4-x,1/2+z'
  '1/4-y,3/4-x,1/2+z'
  '1/4-y,1/4-x,z'
  '3/4+x,3/4+z,-y'
  '3/4+x,1/4+z,1/2-y'
  '1/4+x,3/4+z,1/2-y'
  '1/4+x,1/4+z,-y'
  '3/4-z,3/4-y,x'
  '3/4-z,1/4-y,1/2+x'
  '1/4-z,3/4-y,1/2+x'
  '1/4-z,1/4-y,x'
  '3/4+y,3/4+x,-z'
  '3/4+y,1/4+x,1/2-z'
  '1/4+y,3/4+x,1/2-z'
  '1/4+y,1/4+x,-z'
  '-z,-x,-y'
  '-z,1/2-x,1/2-y'
  '1/2-z,-x,1/2-y'
  '1/2-z,1/2-x,-y'
  'y,z,x'
  'y,1/2+z,1/2+x'
  '1/2+y,z,1/2+x'
  '1/2+y,1/2+z,x'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
  'z,x,y'
  'z,1/2+x,1/2+y'
  '1/2+z,x,1/2+y'
  '1/2+z,1/2+x,y'
  '-y,-z,-x'
  '-y,1/2-z,1/2-x'
  '1/2-y,-z,1/2-x'
  '1/2-y,1/2-z,-x'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ti   0.12500   0.12500   0.12500   0.03600   0.00671
Mg   0.12500   0.12500   0.12500   0.96400   0.00671
Ti   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.48200   0.00519
Mg   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.51800   0.00519
O   0.26160   0.26160   0.26160   1.00000   0.00785

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.971 Å	(30)
2.533 Å	(100)
2.101 Å	(45)
1.617 Å	(50)
1.486 Å	(60)
1.0938 Å	(30)
0.9704 Å	(25)

Comments:

Dupezeh Mountain, Iraq. The data are from the type description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
8 : Mafic igneous rocks
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Type Occurrence of QandiliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

General Appearance of Type Material:

Interstitial between forsterite grains. Also as euhedral grains embedded in the calcite. The grain size varies from 0.1 to 2.3 mm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Strathclyde University, the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland.
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
Ecole Nationale Superieure de Mines, Paris, France.
Musee de Mineralogie, Paris, France.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Forsterite skarn.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Al-Hermezi, H.M. (1985) Qandilite, a new spinel end-member, Mg2TiO4, from the Qala-Dizeh region, NE Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine: 49: 739-744.

Download:

http://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/MM49_739.pdf

Synonyms of QandiliteHide

IMA1980-046

Quandilite

Other Language Names for QandiliteHide

German:Qandilit

Russian:Кандилит

Spanish:Qandilita

Relationship of Qandilite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Ulvöspinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Other Members of this group:

Ahrensite	SiFe₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
Brunogeierite	Ge⁴⁺Fe²⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Filipstadite	(Fe³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mn₂O₄	Iso.
Ringwoodite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂SiO₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Tegengrenite	(Mn³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mg₂O₄	Trig. 3 : R3
Ulvöspinel	TiFe²⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m

Forms a series with:

Ulvöspinel

Ulvöspinel-Qandilite Series

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.BB.	Elgoresyite	(Mg₅Si₂)O₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.BB.	Chenmingite	FeCr₂O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.	Dellagiustaite	V²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.	Thermaerogenite	CuAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.	Chukochenite	LiAl₅O₈	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
4.BB.	Garpenbergite	Mn₆◻AsSbO₁₀(OH)₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.	Magnéliite	Ti³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺₂O₇	Tric. 1 : P1
4.BB.	Jianmuite	ZrTi⁴⁺Ti³⁺₅Al₃O₁₆	Tet. 4 : I4
4.BB.05	Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Cochromite	CoCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Coulsonite	Fe²⁺V³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Cuprospinel	Cu²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.BB.05	Filipstadite	(Fe³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mn₂O₄	Iso.
4.BB.05	Franklinite	Zn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Galaxite	Mn²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Jacobsite	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Manganochromite	Mn²⁺Cr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnesiocoulsonite	MgV₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.BB.05	Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnesioferrite	MgFe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Nichromite	(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Trevorite	Ni²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Ulvöspinel	TiFe²⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Vuorelainenite	Mn²⁺V³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Zincochromite	ZnCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Harmunite	CaFe₂O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
4.BB.05	Wernerkrauseite	Ca(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)₂Mn⁴⁺O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.05	Deltalumite	(Al_0.67◻_0.33)Al₂O₄	Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
4.BB.05	Guite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂O₄	Iso.
4.BB.10	Hausmannite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
4.BB.10	Hetaerolite	ZnMn₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
4.BB.10	Manganostibite	(Mn,Fe)₇SbAsO₁₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.15	Maghemite	(Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. 4 3 2 : P4₁ 3 2
4.BB.15	Titanomaghemite	(Ti⁴⁺_0.5◻_0.5)Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. 4 3 2 : P4₃ 3 2
4.BB.20	Tegengrenite	(Mn³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mg₂O₄	Trig. 3 : R3
4.BB.25	Xieite	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.30	Carmeltazite	ZrAl₂Ti₄O₁₁	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.35	Feiite	Fe²⁺₂(Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺)O₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.BB.40	Maohokite	MgFe₂O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.45	Tschaunerite	(Fe²⁺)(Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺)O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Soluble in hot HCl, but only partially soluble in cold HCl, hot H2SO4, and hot HNO3. Strongly magnetic.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for QandiliteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3331.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for QandiliteHide

Reference List:

Al-Hermezi, H. M. (1985) Qandilite, a new spinel end-member, Mg₂TiO₄, from the Qala-Dizeh region, NE Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 49 (354) 739-744 doi:10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.15

Jambor, J.L., Bladh, K.W., Ercit, T.S., Grice, J.D., Grew, E.S. (1988) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 73: 927-935.

Wechsler, B.A., Von Dreele, R.B. (1989) Structure refinement of Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3 and MgTi2O5 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction. Acta Crystallographica: B45: 542-549.

Bosi, F., Hålenius, U., Skogby, H. (2014) Crystal chemistry of the ulvöspinel-qandilite series. American Mineralogist: 99: 847-851.

(2023) Qandilite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for QandiliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


India
Telangana Nalgonda District ⓘ Vattikod lamproite	Kaur et al. (2016)

Iraq (TL)
Sulaymaniyah Governorate Pshdar District Qaladiza Hero ⓘ Dupezeh Mountain (TL)	Al-Hermezi (1985)

Italy
Campania Benevento Cusano Mutri ⓘ Regia Piana bauxite deposit	Mondillo N. et al. (2011)
Naples ⓘ Somma-Vesuvius Complex	Pascal et al. (2008) +3 other references

Nigeria
Ebonyi ⓘ Nkpuma – Akpatakpa clay ?	Ituma et al. (2018)

Pacific Ocean
Magellan Seamounts ⓘ Govorov Guyot	Peretyazhko et al. (2022)

Russia
Arkhangelsk Oblast Zimny Bereg District Zimny Bereg kimberlite field Kepina occurrence ⓘ Kotuga pipe	Golubkova et al. (2013)
Verkhotina occurrence ⓘ Grib pipe	Golubkova et al. (2013)
Irkutsk Oblast Lake Baikal area ⓘ Tazheranskii Massif	Frank K. Mazdab collection +2 other references
Khabarovsk Krai Ayan-Maya district ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif	Lennikov et al. (2004)
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]
ⓘ Arbarastakh complex	Doroshkevich et al. (2022)

South Africa
Northern Cape Namakwa District Municipality Khâi-Ma Local Municipality Pofadder ⓘ Ondermatjie pipe	Wu et al. (2010)

UK
Scotland Highland Fort William and Ardnamurchan Ballachulish ⓘ Allt Guibhsachain	Ferry (1996)

USA
Michigan Menominee County Hermansville ⓘ Kimberlite 73	Li +3 other references