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Ringwoodite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Synthetic ringwoodite

Synthetic ringwoodite

Synthetic ringwoodite

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About RingwooditeHide

A. Edward Ringwood

Formula:

(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂SiO₄

Colour:

Bluish- to smoke- gray, purple, colourless

Specific Gravity:

3.9 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Ulvöspinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Name:

Named in 1969 by R.A. Binns, R.J. Davis, and S.J.B. Reed in honor of Alfred Edward ("Ted") Ringwood (19 April 1930, Melbourne, Australia – 12 November 1993,Canberra, Australia), noted geochemist and Professor of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, who predicted the mineral based on laboratory studies. He was the recipient of numerous awards including the Bowie Medal, the Wollaston Medal and the H.H. Hess Medal.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Tenham meteorite, Tenham Station, Windorah, Barcoo Shire, Queensland, Australia

Polymorph of:

Forsterite, Poirierite, Wadsleyite

Mg analogue of ahrensite. There is at least a partial series with ahrensite (Bindi et al., 2020).

The isometric polymorph of Wadsleyite and Forsterite. May result from prograde transformation of the latter minerals.

Experiments show that ringwoodite may incorporate essential amounts of Na, that enters the tetrahedral sites. Na prefers ringwoodite more than bridgmanite. Thus, ringwoodite is suspected for being an important sink for Na in deep transition mantle zone (Bindi et al., 2016).

Compare Unnamed (Magnesium (Iron Calcium) Trisilicate).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3421

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3421:6

GUID
(UUID V4):

f6674bc6-e12a-40c8-a8b1-6a0137beca93

IMA Classification of RingwooditeHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

SiMg₂O₄

Approval year:

1968

Type description reference:

Binns, R. A., Davis, R. J., Reed, S. J. B. (1969) Ringwoodite, Natural (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ Spinel in the Tenham Meteorite. Nature, 221 (5184) 943-944 doi:10.1038/221943a0

Classification of RingwooditeHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

9.AC.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination

Dana 8th ed.:

51.3.3.1

51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO₄ Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO₄ Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination

Hey's CIM Ref.:

14.21.2

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
21 : Silicates of Fe and Mg

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Rwd	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Rwd	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Rgt	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of RingwooditeHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of RingwooditeHide

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Bluish- to smoke- gray, purple, colourless

Density:

3.9 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of RingwooditeHide

Type:

Isotropic

RI values:

n = 1.768

Birefringence:

Isotropic minerals have no birefringence

Surface Relief:

High

Chemistry of RingwooditeHide

Mindat Formula:

(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂SiO₄

Elements listed:

Fe, Mg, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ti,Mn,Ca

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:

	1
SiO₂	38.9 %
FeO	23.4 %
MgO	37.0 %
Total:	99.3 %

Empirical formulas:

Sample ID	Empirical Formula
1	(Mg_0.74Fe_0.26)₂Si_O4

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Tenham meteorite, Tenham Station, Windorah, Barcoo Shire, Queensland, Australia	Binns, R. A., Davis, R. J., Reed, S. J. B. (1969) Ringwoodite, Natural (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ Spinel in the Tenham Meteorite. Nature, 221 (5184) 943-944 doi:10.1038/221943a0	Rounded purple isotropic grains up to 100 microns.

Crystallography of RingwooditeHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Setting:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.113 Å

Unit Cell V:

534.00 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Rounded grains, to 100 μm, or massive

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0000278	Ringwoodite	Baur W H (1972) Computer-simulated crystal structures of observed and hypothetical Mg2SiO4 polymorphs of low and high density normal American Mineralogist 57 709-731	1972	hypothetical	293
0000279	Ringwoodite	Baur W H (1972) Computer-simulated crystal structures of observed and hypothetical Mg2SiO4 polymorphs of low and high density inverse American Mineralogist 57 709-731	1972	hypothetical	293
0001624	Ringwoodite	Hazen R M, Downs R T, Finger L W (1993) Crystal chemistry of ferromagnesian silicate spinels: Evidence for Mg-Si disorder American Mineralogist 78 1320-1323	1993		293
0001625	Ringwoodite	Hazen R M, Downs R T, Finger L W (1993) Crystal chemistry of ferromagnesian silicate spinels: Evidence for Mg-Si disorder American Mineralogist 78 1320-1323	1993		293
0001626	Ringwoodite	Hazen R M, Downs R T, Finger L W (1993) Crystal chemistry of ferromagnesian silicate spinels: Evidence for Mg-Si disorder American Mineralogist 78 1320-1323	1993		293
0001627	Ringwoodite	Hazen R M, Downs R T, Finger L W (1993) Crystal chemistry of ferromagnesian silicate spinels: Evidence for Mg-Si disorder American Mineralogist 78 1320-1323	1993		293
0003158	Ringwoodite	Smyth J R, Holl C M, Frost D J, Jacobsen S D, Langenhorst F, McCammon C A (2003) Structural systematics of hydrous ringwoodite and water in Earth's interior American Mineralogist 88 1402-1407	2003		293
0003159	Ringwoodite	Smyth J R, Holl C M, Frost D J, Jacobsen S D, Langenhorst F, McCammon C A (2003) Structural systematics of hydrous ringwoodite and water in Earth's interior American Mineralogist 88 1402-1407	2003		293
0003160	Ringwoodite	Smyth J R, Holl C M, Frost D J, Jacobsen S D, Langenhorst F, McCammon C A (2003) Structural systematics of hydrous ringwoodite and water in Earth's interior American Mineralogist 88 1402-1407	2003		293
0003161	Ringwoodite	Smyth J R, Holl C M, Frost D J, Jacobsen S D, Langenhorst F, McCammon C A (2003) Structural systematics of hydrous ringwoodite and water in Earth's interior American Mineralogist 88 1402-1407	2003		293
0003162	Ringwoodite	Smyth J R, Holl C M, Frost D J, Jacobsen S D, Langenhorst F, McCammon C A (2003) Structural systematics of hydrous ringwoodite and water in Earth's interior American Mineralogist 88 1402-1407	2003		293
0003163	Ringwoodite	Smyth J R, Holl C M, Frost D J, Jacobsen S D, Langenhorst F, McCammon C A (2003) Structural systematics of hydrous ringwoodite and water in Earth's interior American Mineralogist 88 1402-1407	2003		293
0003164	Ringwoodite	Smyth J R, Holl C M, Frost D J, Jacobsen S D, Langenhorst F, McCammon C A (2003) Structural systematics of hydrous ringwoodite and water in Earth's interior American Mineralogist 88 1402-1407	2003		293
0008430	Ringwoodite	Kudoh Y, Kuribayashi T, Mizobata H, Ohtami E (2000) Structure and cation disorder of hydrous ringwoodite, gamma-Mg1.89Si0.98H0.30O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 474-479	2000		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

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_chemical_name_mineral 'Ringwoodite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Baur W H'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 57 
_journal_year 1972
_journal_page_first 709
_journal_page_last 731
_publ_section_title
;
 Computer-simulated crystal structures of observed and hypothetical Mg2SiO4
 polymorphs of low and high density
 normal
;
_database_code_amcsd 0000278
_chemical_compound_source 'hypothetical'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Si Mg2 O4'
_cell_length_a 8.12
_cell_length_b 8.12
_cell_length_c 8.12
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 535.387
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.491
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Si   0.12500   0.12500   0.12500
Mg   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000
O   0.24160   0.24160   0.24160

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.447 Å	(100)
1.434 Å	(60)
2.028 Å	(40)
2.872 Å	(20)
1.560 Å	(20)
1.0559 Å	(10)
0.8283 Å	(10)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration	4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases	4.566-4.560
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks

Geological Setting:

Meteorites, Inclusion in terrestrial diamond

Type Occurrence of RingwooditeHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Tenham meteorite, Tenham Station, Windorah, Barcoo Shire, Queensland, Australia

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1935,792.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Tenham meteorite

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Majorite

Reference:

Binns R A, Davis R J, Reed S J B (1969) Ringwoodite, natural (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 spinel in the Tenham meteorite. Nature 221, 943-944

Synonyms of RingwooditeHide

IMA1968-036

Other Language Names for RingwooditeHide

German:Ringwoodit

Russian:Рингвудит

Simplified Chinese:林伍德石

Spanish:Ringwoodita

Traditional Chinese:林伍德石

Relationship of Ringwoodite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Ulvöspinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Other Members of this group:

Ahrensite	SiFe₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
Brunogeierite	Ge⁴⁺Fe²⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Filipstadite	(Fe³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mn₂O₄	Iso.
Qandilite	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Tegengrenite	(Mn³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mg₂O₄	Trig. 3 : R3
Ulvöspinel	TiFe²⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

1 photo of Ringwoodite associated with Xieite	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄
1 photo of Ringwoodite associated with Lingunite	(Na,Ca)AlSi₃O₈
1 photo of Ringwoodite associated with Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
1 photo of Ringwoodite associated with Majorite	Mg₃(MgSi)(SiO₄)₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.AC.	Ahrensite	SiFe₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
9.AC.	Poirierite	Mg₂SiO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmma
9.AC.05	Fayalite	Fe²⁺₂SiO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AC.05	Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AC.05	Glaucochroite	CaMn²⁺SiO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AC.05	Kirschsteinite	CaFe²⁺SiO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.AC.05	Laihunite	(Fe²⁺_0.5◻_0.5)Fe³⁺[SiO₄]	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.AC.05	Liebenbergite	Ni₂SiO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AC.05	Tephroite	Mn²⁺₂SiO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.AC.10	Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AC.15	Brunogeierite	Ge⁴⁺Fe²⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
9.AC.20	Chesnokovite	Na₂[SiO₂(OH)₂] · 8H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ibca

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Industrial Uses:

None.

Internet Links for RingwooditeHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3421.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for RingwooditeHide

Reference List:

Binns, R. A., Davis, R. J., Reed, S. J. B. (1969) Ringwoodite, Natural (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ Spinel in the Tenham Meteorite. Nature, 221 (5184) 943-944 doi:10.1038/221943a0

Fleischer, Michael (1969) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 54 (7-8) 1218-1223

Coleman, L. C. (1977) Ringwoodite and majorite in the Catherwood meteorite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 15 (1) 97-101

Boctor, N. Z., Bell, P. M., Mao, H. K., Kullerud, G. (1982) Petrology and shock metamorphism of Pampa del Infierno chondrite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46 (10) 1903-1911 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(82)90128-4

Sinogeikin, S. V., Katsura, T., Bass, J. D. (1998) Sound velocities and elastic properties of Fe-bearing wadsleyite and ringwoodite. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 103. 20819-20825 doi:10.1029/98jb01819

Smyth, Joseph R, Holl, Christopher M, Frost, Daniel J, Jacobsen, Steven D (2004) High pressure crystal chemistry of hydrous ringwoodite and water in the Earth’s interior. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 143. 271-278 doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2003.08.011

Kudoh, Yasuhiro, Kuribayashi, Takahiro, Mizobata, Hiroki, Ohtani, Eiji, Sasaki, Satoshi, Tanaka, Masahiko (2007) Pressure dependence of u parameter in ringwoodite up to 7.9 GPa. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 102 (1) 8-11 doi:10.2465/jmps.060316

Feng, L., Lin, Y., Hu, S., Xu, L., Miao, B. (2011) Estimating compositions of natural ringwoodite in the heavily shocked Grove Mountains 052049 meteorite from Raman spectra. American Mineralogist, 96 (10) 1480-1489 doi:10.2138/am.2011.3679

Greshake, Ansgar, Fritz, Jörg, Böttger, Ute, Goran, Daniel (2013) Shear-induced ringwoodite formation in the Martian shergottite Dar al Gani 670. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 375. 383-394 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.002

Pearson, D. G., Brenker, F. E., Nestola, F., McNeill, J., Nasdala, L., Hutchison, M. T., Matveev, S., Mather, K., Silversmit, G., Schmitz, S., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L. (2014) Hydrous mantle transition zone indicated by ringwoodite included within diamond. Nature, 507 (7491). 221-224 doi:10.1038/nature13080

Redfern, Simon (2014) Mineral hints at bright blue rocks deep in the Earth. BBC news. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26553115

Thomas, Sylvia-Monique, Jacobsen, Steven D., Bina, Craig R., Reichart, Patrick, Moser, Marcus, Hauri, Erik H., Koch-MÃ¼ller, Monika, Smyth, Joseph R., Dollinger, GÃ¼nther (2015) Quantification of water in hydrous ringwoodite. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2. doi:10.3389/feart.2014.00038

Nestola, F. (2015). Ringwoodite. In Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography. De Gruyter.

www.nature.com (n.d.) http://www.nature.com/articles/nature13080.epdf?referrer_access_token=7pLeAJuqcga5LbGFdb8WstRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Ncgrzo9SvjqoTq1P7aFQkpmoX8v5VT-fAtuoWrQdDjiroWYuipRe1WrG1FaDrMH4Px7ERAJBa16HH1i2HlazPQMK0WrWSWASxqogRRc54Pa33V47-TAACuMAMtBs82RYEje192xIM1y4598dHAaLQn&tracking_referrer=www.bbc.co.uk

Bindi, Luca, Tamarova, Anastasia, Bobrov, Andrey V., Sirotkina, Ekaterina A., Tschauner, Oliver, Walter, Michael J., Irifune, Tetsuo (2016) Incorporation of high amounts of Na in ringwoodite: Possible implications for transport of alkali into lower mantle. American Mineralogist, 101 (2) 483-486 doi:10.2138/am-2016-5570

Purevjav, Narangoo, Okuchi, Takuo, Wang, Xiaoping, Hoffmann, Christina, Tomioka, Naotaka (2018) Determination of hydrogen site and occupancy in hydrous Mg2SiO4 spinel by single-crystal neutron diffraction. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 74 (1). 115-120 doi:10.1107/s2052520618000616

Bindi, L., Shim, S-H., Sharp, T.G., Xie, X. (2020) Evidence for the charge disproportionation of iron in extraterrestrial bridgmanite. Science Advances: 6(2): EAAY7893.

Lorenzon, Sofia, Novella, Davide, Nimis, Paolo, Jacobsen, Steven D., Thomassot, Emilie, Pamato, Martha G., Prosperi, Loredana, Lorenzetti, Alessandra, Alvaro, Matteo, Brenker, Frank, Salvadego, Franco, Nestola, Fabrizio (2022) Ringwoodite and zirconia inclusions indicate downward travel of super-deep diamonds. Geology, 50 (9) 996-1000 doi:10.1130/g50111.1

Wang, Wenzhong, Wu, Zhongqing (2022) A first-principles study of water in wadsleyite and ringwoodite: Implication for the 520 km discontinuity. American Mineralogist, 107 (7) 1361-1368 doi:10.2138/am-2021-7929

(2023) Ringwoodite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for RingwooditeHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Antarctica
Eastern Antarctica American Highland Grove Mountains ⓘ Grove Mountains 020090 meteorite	YT Lin et al. (2011)
ⓘ Grove Mountains 052049 meteorite	Feng et al. (2011)
ⓘ Grove Mountains 052082 meteorite	Lu Feng et al. (2011)
ⓘ Grove Mountains 053584 meteorite	Yin et al. (2018)
Queen Maud Land Queen Fabiola Mts ⓘ Yamato 74445 meteorite	Ozawa et al. (2007, December)
ⓘ Yamato 790729 meteorite	Kato et al. (2017)
Victoria Land Elephant Moraine ⓘ Elephant Moraine A79001 Martian meteorite	Walton (2013)

Argentina
Chaco Province General Belgrano Department Corzuela ⓘ Pampa del Infierno meteorite	Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 46: ...

Australia
New South Wales Bourke Co. ⓘ Coolamon meteorite	Mason (1974)
Queensland Barcoo Shire Windorah Tenham Station ⓘ Tenham meteorite (TL)	Ferroir et al. (xxxx) +6 other references
Western Australia Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire Rawlinna ⓘ Coorara meteorite	Smith +1 other reference

Brazil
Mato Grosso ⓘ Juína	Pearson +1 other reference

Canada
Alberta Peace River ⓘ Peace River meteorite	Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 21 (1983) +2 other references
Saskatchewan Catherwood ⓘ Catherwood meteorite	Coleman (1977)

China
Hebei Zhangjiakou Zhangbei County Wanquan District ⓘ Hannuoba basalt field	Hongsen Xie et al. (1984)
Hubei Suizhou Zengdu District (Cengdou District) Xihe ⓘ Suizhou meteorite (Suizhou L6 chondrite)	American Mineralogist (2000) +4 other references
Jiangsu Taizhou Gaogang District Sixiangkou ⓘ Sixiangkou meteorite	Chen et al. (2004) +3 other references

France
Centre-Val de Loire Loiret Montargis ⓘ Château-Renard meteorite	Baziotis et al. (2018)

Jordan
Mafraq Governorate ⓘ Tulayl Al-Hasna	Yaseen (2014)

Libya
Jabal al Gharbi District ⓘ Sinawan 001 meteorite
Jufra District Dar al Gani ⓘ Dar al Gani 670 Martian meteorite (DaG 670)	Greshake et al. (2013)

Morocco
Souss-Massa Region Tata Province Tata Cercle ⓘ Tissint Martian meteorite	+3 other references

Oman
Dhofar Governorate ⓘ Dhofar 717 meteorite (Dho 717)	Litasov et al. (2019, March)
ⓘ Dhofar 864 meteorite (Dho 864)	Litasov et al. (2019, March)
ⓘ Dhofar 922 meteorite (Dho 922)	D.D. Badjukov et al. et al. (2005)

Russia
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Chelyabinsk meteorite (Chebarkul meteorite)	Nakamura et al. (2019)

USA
Kansas Ness County ⓘ Ness County (1894) meteorite	Rubin et al. (1984)
New Mexico De Baca County ⓘ Taiban (b) meteorite	www.museum.hu-berlin.de (2007)
ⓘ Taiban meteorite	Acosta et al. (2012)
Harding County ⓘ Roy (1933) meteorite	Zhidong Xie et al. (2005)
Roosevelt County Rogers ⓘ Roosevelt County 102 meteorite
Oregon Josephine County Josephine Creek Mining District ⓘ Josephine Creek placers ?	...
Texas Randall County ⓘ Umbarger meteorite	Zhidong Xie et al. (2005) +1 other reference

Ringwoodite

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