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Elapidae

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38153	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38153

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
suborder	Ophidia
-	Serpentes
infraorder	Alethinophidia	Nopcsa 1923
-	Macrostomata	Ritgen 1828
superfamily	Booidea	Gray 1825
-	Caenophidia	Hoffstetter 1939
superfamily	Colubroidea	Oppel 1811
family	Elapidae	Boié 1827

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Elapidae	family	belongs to Conocerca	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Elapidae	family	belongs to Ophidia	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Elapidae	subfamily	belongs to Proteroglypha	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Elapidae	family	belongs to Colubroidea	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Elapidae	family	belongs to Colubroidea	implied	Carroll, 1988
Elapidae	family	belongs to Serpentes	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

13 (65%)

First Recorded Appearance

55.8 - 48.6 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Booidea)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Elapidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

F. Boié. 1827. Bemerkungen über Merrem’s Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg. 1820. Erste Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20(6/7):508-566

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Hydrophiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Sea Snake	7	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Najinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Austrelaps genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Elaps genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Laticauda genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Micrurus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Coral Snake	15	20.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Naja genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cobra	36	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Notechis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pseudechis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1827	Elapidae Boié
1871	Elapidae Cope p. 238
1875	Elapidae Cope p. 22
1890	Elapidae Zittel p. 631
1916	Protropidonotus Schlosser p. 34
1916	Protropidonotus neglectus Schlosser p. 34 figs. 2 pl. I

Year	Name and Author
1946	Elapinae Kuhn p. 62
1966	Elapidae Kuhn p. 67
1988	Elapidae Carroll
1988	Protropidonotus Carroll
1996	Elapidae Frank and Ramus

References

Boié F. Bemerkungen über Merrem’s Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg. 1820. Erste Lieferung: Ophidier, Isis von Oken 20 6/7, 508-566

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

Schlosser M. (1916) Neue Funde fossiler Säugetiere in der Eichstätter Gegend, Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse 28 6, 1-78

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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