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Diapsida

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)37768https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37768
Rankunranked clade (PBDB)
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Diapsida
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
subclassDiapsida
Common Namediapsid
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Diapsidasubclassbelongs to Reptiliastated with evidenceOsborn, 1903
Diapsidasubclassbelongs to Reptiliastated without evidenceRoxo, 1937
Diapsidainfraclassbelongs to Eureptiliastated with evidenceOlson, 1947
Diapsidasubclassbelongs to Reptiliastated with evidenceKuhn, 1966
Diapsidasubclassbelongs to Reptiliastated without evidenceOlson, 1966
Diapsidainfraclassbelongs to Eureptiliastated without evidenceBenton, 1985
Diapsidasubclassbelongs to ReptiliaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Diapsidaunranked cladebelongs to Romeriidastated without evidenceGauthier et al., 1988
Diapsidaunranked cladebelongs to Eureptiliastated without evidenceRieppel, 1989
Diapsidaunranked cladebelongs to Reptiliastated without evidenceRieppel, 1989
Diapsidaunranked cladebelongs to Romeriidastated without evidenceGauthier et al., 1989
Diapsidasubclassbelongs to Reptiliastated without evidenceHecht, 1992
Diapsidaunranked cladebelongs to Romeriidastated with evidenceLaurin and Reisz, 1995
Diapsidasubclassbelongs to Reptiliastated without evidenceGao and Fox, 1998
Diapsidaunranked cladebelongs to Eureptiliastated without evidenceMüller, 2005
Diapsidaunranked cladebelongs to Reptiliastated without evidenceRenesto, 2005
Diapsidaunranked cladebelongs to Romeriidastated with evidenceMüller and Reisz, 2006
Diapsidaunranked cladebelongs to Reptiliastated without evidenceChen et al., 2014
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)15,709
Extant Size (PBDB)4,203 (27%)
First Recorded Appearance306 - 303 Ma
Carboniferous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Diapsida)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)H. F. Osborn. 1903. On the primary division of the Reptilia into two sub-classes, Synapsida and Diapsida. Science 17(424):275-276

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Diaptosauria
superorder
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
Prodiapsida
superorder
listed (PBDB)
Hupehsuchia
order
listed (PBDB)7251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Sauropterygia
order
listed (PBDB)1,337251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Endennasauridae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Fremouwsauridae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Saurosphargidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
9251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Adelosaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1260 Ma
Permian
260 Ma
Permian
Dolerosaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1232 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
232 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Faxinalipterus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Horaffia
genus
listed (PBDB)4242 Ma
Middle Triassic
242 Ma
Middle Triassic
Lanthanolania
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1273 Ma
Permian
273 Ma
Permian
Palacrodon
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
5252 Ma
Permian
228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tamaulipasaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1191 Ma
Early Jurassic
191 Ma
Early Jurassic
Araeoscelidia
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)8306 Ma
Carboniferous
279 Ma
Permian
Drepanosauromorpha
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)26242 Ma
Middle Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Eosuchia
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)46,080299 Ma
Carboniferous
0 Ma
Extant
Ichthyosauromorpha
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)606252 Ma
Permian
99.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Thalattosauriformes
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)39251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
216 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1842Rysosteus Owen p. 155
1845Rysosteus Meyer p. 282
1903Diapsida Osborn p. 276
1904Diapsida Osborn p. 105
1937Diapsida Roxo p. 44
1947Diapsida Olson pp. 44, 45
1966Diapsida Kuhn p. 31
1966Diapsida Olson p. 301
1985Diapsida Benton p. 153
1988Diapsida Carroll
1988Diapsida Gauthier et al. p. 139 fig. 4.4
1989Diapsida Gauthier et al. p. 343 fig. 9
1989Diapsida Rieppel
1992Diapsida Hecht p. 117
1993Diapsida Cvancara and Hoganson p. 15
YearName and Author
1995Diapsida Laurin and Reisz p. 172 fig. 2
1998Diapsida Gao and Fox p. 306
1999Diapsida Nicholls p. 2
2002Utahdactylus Czerkas and Mickelson
2002Utahdactylus kateae Czerkas and Mickelson
2005Diapsida Müller
2005Diapsida Renesto p. 378
2006Utahdactylus Chure et al. p. 236
2006Utahdactylus kateae Chure et al. p. 236
2006Diapsida Jiang et al.
2006Diapsida Müller and Reisz fig. 2
2014Diapsida Chen et al.
2015Diapsida Chen et al.
2017Diapsida Wintrich et al.

References

Osborn H. F. (1903) On the primary division of the Reptilia into two sub-classes, Synapsida and Diapsida, Science 17 424, 275-276
Owen R. Report on British fossil reptiles, part II, Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11, 60-204
Meyer H. v. System der fossilen Saurier [Taxonomy of fossil saurians], Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1845, 278-285
Olson E. C. (1947) The Family Diadectidae and its Bearing on the Classification of Reptiles, Fieldiana: Geology 11 1, 1-53
Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154
Olson E. C. (1966) Community evolution and the origin of mammals, Ecology 47 2, 291-302
Benton M. J. (1985) Classification and phylogeny of the diapsid reptiles, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 84 2, 97-164
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Gauthier J. A., Kluge A. G., et al (1988) The early evolution of the Amniota, In M. J. Benton (ed.), The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Systematics Association Special Volume, Clarendon Press 35A, 103-155
Gauthier J. A., Cannatella D., et al (1989) Tetrapod phylogeny, In B. Fernholm, K. Bremer, & H. Jörnvall (eds.), The Hierarchy of Life. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, 337-353
Rieppel O. (1989) Helveticosaurus zollingeri Peyer (Reptilia, Diapsida) skeletal paedomorphosis, functional anatomy and systematic affinities, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 208, 123-152
Hecht M. K. (1992) A new choristodere (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Oligocene of France: an example of the Lazarus effect, Geobios 25 1, 115-131
Cvancara A. M., Hoganson J. W. (1993) Vertebrates of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene) in North and South Dakota, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13 1, 1-23
Laurin M., Reisz R. R. (1995) A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113 2, 165-223
Gao K. -Q., Fox R. C. (1998) New choristoderes (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Cretaceous and Palaeocene, Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, a phylogenetic relationships of Choristodera, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 124, 303-353
Nicholls E. L. (1999) A reexamination of Thalattosaurus and Nectosaurus and the relationships of the Thalattosauria (Reptilia: Diapsida), PaleoBios 19 1, 1-29
Müller J. (2005) The anatomy of Askeptosaurus italicus from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio and the interrelationships of thalattosaurs (Reptilia, Diapsida), Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, 1347-1367
Renesto S. (2005) A new specimen of Tanystropheus (Reptilia Protorosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland and the ecology of the genus, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 111 3, 377-394
Chure D. J., Litwin R., et al (2006) The fauna and flora of the Morrison Formation: 2006, Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36, 233-249
Jiang D.-Y., Maisch M. W., et al (2006) Nothosaurus yangyuanensis n. sp. (Reptlia, Sauropterygia, Nothosauridae) from the middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Guizhou, southwestern China, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatschefte 2006 5, 257-276
Müller J., Reisz R. R. (2006) The Phylogeny of Early Eureptiles: Comparing Parsimony and Bayesian Approaches in the Investigation of a Basal Fossil Clade, Systematic Biology 55 3, 503-511
Chen X.-H., Motani R., et al (2014) A small short-necked hupehsuchian from the Lower Triassic of Hubei Province, China, PLoS One 9 12, e115244 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115244
Chen X.-H., Motani R., et al (2015) A new specimen of Carroll’s mystery hupehsuchian from the Lower Triassic of China, PLoS ONE 10 5, e0126024 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126024
Wintrich T., Hayashi S., et al (2017) A Triassic plesiosaurian skeleton and bone histology inform on evolution of a unique body plan, Science Advances 3, e1701144
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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