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Naja

Description

Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes known as cobras. Several other genera include species commonly called cobras (for example the ring-necked spitting cobra and the king cobra), but members of the genus Naja are the most widespread and the most widely recognized as "true" cobras. Various species occur in regions throughout Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)8965840https://www.gbif.org/species/8965840
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)38154https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38154
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Naja
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
suborderOphidia
-Serpentes
infraorderAlethinophidiaNopcsa 1923
-MacrostomataRitgen 1828
superfamilyBooideaGray 1825
-CaenophidiaHoffstetter 1939
superfamilyColubroideaOppel 1811
familyElapidaeBoié 1827
genusNajaLaurenti 1768
Common Namecobra
Scientific NameNaja Laurenti, 1768
Name Published InLaurenti, Joseph N. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum. Joan Thomae, Viennae.: 1–214; Pls. 1–5.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Najagenusbelongs to ElapidaeimpliedBachmayer and Szyndlar, 1985
Najagenusbelongs to Elapidaestated without evidenceSzyndlar, 1985
Najagenusbelongs to ElapidaeimpliedBachmayer and Szyndlar, 1987
Najagenusbelongs to Elapidaestated without evidenceFrank and Ramus, 1996
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)6
Extant Size (PBDB)2 (33%)
First Recorded Appearance23.0 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Booidea)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Elapidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Common Name(s) Cobra
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naja

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Naja anchietae
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja annulata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja annulifera
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja antiqua
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
216.0 Ma
Miocene
11.6 Ma
Miocene
Naja arabica
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja ashei
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja atra
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja austriaca
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Naja christyi
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja crawshayi
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja haje
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja hannah
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja iberica
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
18.70 Ma
Miocene
8.70 Ma
Miocene
Naja jamesonii
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja kaouthia
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja katiensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja mandalayensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja melanoleuca
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja mossambica
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja multifasciata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja naja
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Indian Cobra10.13 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Naja nigricincta
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja nigricollis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja nivea
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja nubiae
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja oxiana
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja pallida
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja peroescobari
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja philippinensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja romani
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
920.0 Ma
Miocene
8.70 Ma
Miocene
Naja sagittifera
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja samarensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja senegalensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja siamensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja sputatrix
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja subfulva
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Naja sumatrana
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Naia Berthold, 1827GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Naia
Boulengerina Dollo, 1886GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Boulengerina
Paranaja Loveridge, 1944GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Paranaja
Afronaja Wallach, Wüster & Broadley, 2009GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Afronaja

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1768Naja Laurenti
1939Palaeonaja Hoffstetter
1985Naja Bachmayer and Szyndlar p. 88
1985Naja Szyndlar p. 455
1987Naja Bachmayer and Szyndlar p. 31
1988Naja Carroll
1988Palaeonaja Carroll
1996Naja Frank and Ramus
2013Naja Hugues-Alexandre et al. p. 812

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Bachmayer F., Szyndlar Z. (1985) Ophidians (Reptilia: Serpentes) from the Kohfidisch fissures of Burgenland, Austria, Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A: Mineralogie und Petrographie, Geologie und Palaeontologie, Anthropologie Praehistorie 87, 79-100
Szyndlar Z. (1985) Ophidian fauna (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the uppermost Miocene of Algora (Spain)., Estudios Geologicos 41, 447-465
Bachmayer F, Szyndlar Z (1987) A second contribution to the ophidian fauna (Reptilia: Serpentes) of Kohfidisch, Austria, Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A: Mineralogie und Petrographie, Geologie und Palaeontologie, Anthropologie Praehistorie 88, 25-39
Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377
Hugues-Alexandre B., Agusti J., et al (2013) Amphibians and Squamate Reptiles from the Late Miocene (Vallesian) of Eastern Morocco (GuefaIT-1, Jerada Province), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 4, 804-816 doi:10.1080/039.033.0404
Wallach, Van, Kenneth L. Williams, and Jeff Boundy, 2014: null. Snakes of the World. A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. 1209. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
David, Patrick, and Ivan Ineich, 1999: Les serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition. Dumerilia, vol. 3. 3-499. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Uetz, 1995-, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Uetz, 1995- - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Syn. Rept. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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