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Laticauda

Description

Sea kraits are a genus of venomous elapid sea snakes, Laticauda. They are semiaquatic, and retain the wide ventral scales typical of terrestrial snakes for moving on land, but also have paddle-shaped tails for swimming. Sea kraits are often confused with another group of aquatic reptiles, the sea snakes. However, unlike the fully aquatic ovoviviparous sea snakes, sea kraits are oviparous and must come to land to digest prey and lay eggs. They also have independent evolutionary origins into aquatic habitats, with sea kraits diverging earlier from other Australasian elapids. Thus, sea kraits and sea snakes are an example of convergent evolution into aquatic habitats within the Hydrophiinae snakes. Sea kraits are also often confused with land kraits (genus Bungarus), which are not aquatic.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2450145https://www.gbif.org/species/2450145
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)365410https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=365410
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Laticauda
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
suborderOphidia
-Serpentes
infraorderAlethinophidiaNopcsa 1923
-MacrostomataRitgen 1828
superfamilyBooideaGray 1825
-CaenophidiaHoffstetter 1939
superfamilyColubroideaOppel 1811
familyElapidaeBoié 1827
genusLaticaudaLaurenti 1768
Scientific NameLaticauda Laurenti, 1768
Name Published InLaurenti, Joseph N. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum. Joan Thomae, Viennae.: 1–214; Pls. 1–5.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Laticaudagenusbelongs to Elapidaestated without evidenceScanlon et al., 2003
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
Environmentterrestrial (based on Booidea)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Elapidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. D. Scanlon, M. S. Y. Lee, and M. Archer. 2003. Mid-Tertiary elapid snakes (Squamata, Colubroidea) from Riversleigh, northern Australia: early steps in a continent-wide adaptive radiation. Geobios 36(5):573-601
Common Name(s) Sea Kraits, Seakraits
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laticauda

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Laticauda colubrina
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Laticauda crockeri
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Laticauda frontalis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Laticauda guineai
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Laticauda laticaudata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Laticauda saintgironsi
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Laticauda schistorhynchus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Laticauda semifasciata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Platurus Latreille, 1801GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Platurus
Platyurus Ritgen, 1828GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Platyurus
Platura Gray, 1840GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Platura

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1768Laticauda Laurenti
2003Laticauda Scanlon et al. p. 578

References

Scanlon J. D., Lee M. S. Y., et al (2003) Mid-Tertiary elapid snakes (Squamata, Colubroidea) from Riversleigh, northern Australia: early steps in a continent-wide adaptive radiation, Geobios 36 5, 573-601 doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(03)00056-1
van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). - via World Register of Marine Species
CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
web search (AJR) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Uetz, 1995- - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Syn. Rept. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Wallach, Van, Kenneth L. Williams, and Jeff Boundy, 2014: null. Snakes of the World. A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. 1209. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
David, Patrick, and Ivan Ineich, 1999: Les serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition. Dumerilia, vol. 3. 3-499. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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