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Ciconiidae

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Description

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family called Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes. Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons and ibises, but those families have been moved to other orders.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciconiidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9289	https://www.gbif.org/species/9289
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39634	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39634

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ciconiiformes : Ciconiidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Natatores	Baird 1858
-	Steganograllatores	Livezey and Zusi 2007
superorder	Ciconiimorphae
order	Ciconiiformes	Bonaparte 1854
family	Ciconiidae	Sundevall 1836

Common Name

stork

Scientific Name

Ciconiidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Ciconiides	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Ardeiformes	stated without evidence	Howard, 1972
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Ciconiiformes	stated without evidence	Rasmussen et al., 1987
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Ciconiiformes	implied	Carroll, 1988
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Ciconiiformes	stated without evidence	Bickart, 1990
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Ciconioidea	stated with evidence	Livezey and Zusi, 2007
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Ciconiiformes	stated without evidence	Louchart et al., 2008
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Aequornithes	stated without evidence	Mayr, 2011
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Ciconiiformes	stated without evidence	del Hoyo et al., 2014
Ciconiidae	family	belongs to Ciconiiformes	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

29 (46%)

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 28.1 Ma
Oligocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Storks, Stork, Ooievaars, Storkefamilien, Storkfåglar, Ob. Stork, Storkar

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciconiidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Leptoptilini tribe	listed (PBDB)	Stork	21	16.9 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Amphipelargus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	8.70 Ma Miocene	8.70 Ma Miocene
Anastomus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ciconia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Ephippiorhynchus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Jabiru genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Leptoptilos genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	16.9 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Melanopelargus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mycteria genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Palaeoephippiorhynchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Palaeopelargus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pelargodes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pelargopsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Propelargus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Pseudotantalus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Xenorhynchopsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Xenorhynchus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Tantalus plumicollis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1836	Ciconiidae Sundevall
1933	Ciconiidae Lambrecht p. 317
1972	Ciconiidae Howard p. 8
1987	Ciconiidae Rasmussen et al. p. 15
1988	Ciconiidae Carroll
1990	Ciconiidae Bickart p. 11
1992	Ciconiidae Emslie p. 252

Year	Name and Author
2001	Ciconiidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 295
2007	Ciconiidae Livezey and Zusi p. 91
2008	Ciconiidae Louchart et al. p. 156
2010	Ciconiidae Meijer and Awe Due p. 714
2011	Ciconiidae Mayr p. 73 figs. Figure 5
2014	Ciconiidae del Hoyo et al.
2017	Ciconiidae Clements et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Howard H. (1972) Type specimens of avian fossils in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 1-27

Rasmussen D. T., Olson S. L., et al (1987) Fossil Birds from the Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Province, Egypt, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 62, 1-20

Bickart K. J. (1990) The birds of the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona, Ornithological Monographs 44, 1-72

Emslie S. D. (1992) Two new late Blancan avifaunas from Florida and the extinction of wetland birds in the Plio-Pleistocene, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 36, 249-269

Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365

Livezey B. C., Zusi R. L. (2007) Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 1, 1-95

Louchart A., Haile-Selassie Y., et al (2008) Fossil birds from the Late Miocene of Chad and Ethiopia and zooge- ographical implications, Oryctos 7, 147-167

Meijer H. J. M., Awe Due R. (2010) A new species of giant marabou stork (Aves: Ciconiiformes) from the Pleistocene of Liang Bua, Flores (Indonesia), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160 4, 707-724

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Złotorzycka,Jadwiga (1958) Mallophaga in storks (Ciconiidae) with special reference to Mallophaga in white storks in the Wroclaw Zoological Garden. - via Phthiraptera.info

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wikipedia (2015) Online: wikipedia.org - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Parker, S.P. (Ed.) (1982). Synopsis and classification of living organisms. McGraw Hill Book Company: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-07-079031-0. 1166, 1232 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wikipedia (2015) Online: wikipedia.org - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Larsson, L., Ekström, G., Larsson, E. & Gandemo, M. (2007) Birds of the World, 2:a uppl. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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